Cupaniopsis Baileyana

''Cupaniopsis'' is a genus of about 45 species of flowering plants in the family, Sapindaceae and are native to Fiji, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands Vanuatu, Samoa, Torres Strait Islands, Micronesia and Australia. Plants in the genus ''Cupaniopsis'' are trees with Pinnation#Number of divisions, paripinnate with small, regular flowers with 5 sepals and petals with 6 to 10 stamens and the fruit a Capsule (fruit), capsule.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Cupaniopsis'' are trees, either Monoecy, monoecious or Dioecy, diecious with paripinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs or alternately along the branches, the flowers arranged in leaf axils in raceme-like or panicle-like groups. The flowers are small, have 5 sepals and 5 petals with 6 to 10 stamens, the Ovary (botany), ovary usually with 3 locules. The fruit is an oval to more or less spherical, slightly fleshy capsule. The seed is elliptical with a thin, cup-shaped aril that usually nearly encloses the seed.

Taxonomy

The genus ''Cupaniopsis'' was first formally described in 1879 by Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer in the journal ''Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen''. The first species he named, the Type (biology), type species, was ''Cupaniopsis anacardioides''. The genus name (''Cupaniopsis'') means a 'resemblance to the genus ''Cupania, in turn, named after the Italian monk, Francesco Cupani.

Species list

The following is a list of ''Cupaniopsis'' species accepted by Plants of the World Online as at August 2024:
* ''Cupaniopsis acuticarpa'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis amoena'' (Fiji)
* ''Cupaniopsis anacardioides'' – tuckeroo, cashew-leaf cupania, carrotwood, beach tamarind, green-leaved tamarind (New Guinea, New South Wales, N.S.W., Northern Territory, N.T., Queensland, Qld., Western Australia, W.A.)
* ''Cupaniopsis apiocarpa'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis azantha'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis baileyana'' – narrow-leaved tuckeroo, toothed tuckeroo, white tamarind (N.S.W., Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis bilocularis'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis bullata'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis celebica'' Sulawesi
* ''Cupaniopsis chytradenia'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis cooperorum'' – Cooper's puzzle (Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis crassivalvis'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis curvidens'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis dallachyi'' (Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis diploglottoides'' – velvet tamarind (Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis euneura'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis flagelliformis'' – brown tuckeroo, weeping flower tamarind (Qld., N.S.W.),
* ''Cupaniopsis fleckeri'' (Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis foveolata'' (Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis grisea'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis hypodermatica'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis kajewskii'' (Solomon Islands)
* ''Cupaniopsis leptobotrys'' (Fiji, Vanuatu)
* ''Cupaniopsis mackeeana'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis macrocarpa'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis macropetala'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis megalocarpa'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis napaensis'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis newmanii'' – long-leaved tuckeroo(Qld., N.S.W.)
* ''Cupaniopsis papillosa'' – Tully Falls tamarind (Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis petiolulata'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis phalacrocarpa'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis phanerophlebia'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis platycarpa'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis rhytidocarpa'' (New Guinea)
* ''Cupaniopsis serrata'' (Qld., N.S.W.) – smooth tuckeroo (N.S.W., Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis shirleyana'' – wedge-leaved tuckeroo (Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis simulata'' – northern tuckeroo (Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis stenopetala'' (New Guinea, Maluku Islands)
* ''Cupaniopsis strigosa'' (Sulawesi)
* ''Cupaniopsis sylvatica'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis tomentella'' (Qld.)
* ''Cupaniopsis trigonocarpa'' (New Caledonia)
* ''Cupaniopsis vitiensis'' (Fiji)
* ''Cupaniopsis wadsworthii'' (Qld.)

In 1991 a 190-page monograph of the genus was published by Dutch people, Dutch botanist Fredericus Arnoldus Constantin Basil Adema, Frits Adema.

Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds, from 1984 to 1991 published new formal scientific names, descriptions, updates and species clarifications, in her scientific journal articles and the ''Flora of Australia (series), Flora of Australia'' treatment.

Conservation status

Globally, the New Caledonian endemic species ''Cupaniopsis crassivalvis, C. crassivalvis'' has become extinct according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment.

In Australia, ''Cupaniopsis shirleyana, C. shirleyana'' and ''Cupaniopsis tomentalla, C. tomentella'' are listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government ''Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999'' and ''Cupaniopsis cooperorum, C. cooperorum'' is listed as "vulnerable" under the Queensland Government ''Nature Conservation Act''. ''Cupaniopsis newmannii, C. newmannii'' is listed as "near threatened" under the same Act. ''Cupaniopsis serrata, C. serrata'' is listed as "endangered" in New South Wales under the ''Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 (NSW), Biodiversity Conservation Act''.

Invasive species

''Cupaniopsis anacardioides, C. anacardioides'' has been introduced into the United States, where in some parts they are Invasive species, invasive plants, primarily in Florida and Hawaii, where the common name carrotwood applies.

References

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Cupaniopsis,
Sapindaceae genera
Sapindales of Australia
Taxa named by Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer