Cuesta Pass

Cuesta Pass or La Cuesta Pass (Spanish for "the slope"), colloquially referred to as simply the grade, is a low mountain pass in San Luis Obispo County on California's Central Coast. It crosses the southern Santa Lucia Range at an altitude of , and connects San Luis Obispo, roughly to the south, with Atascadero, Paso Robles, and the Salinas Valley to the north. It is traversed by U.S. Route 101 and the Coast Line of the Union Pacific Railroad, and is better known for the long slope up to the pass from San Luis Obispo, in the canyon of San Luis Obispo Creek, which is redundantly named the "Cuesta Grade".

The railroad line through the pass includes a segment with a 2.2% grade, the steepest point of the coast line between Los Angeles and San Francisco. It traverses six tunnels, including one at an altitude of bypassing the summit of the pass.

History

The pass was long used by indigenous people, and lies on the boundary between the historical homelands of the Northern Chumash and Salinans. Sources disagree on whether the Portolá expedition in 1769–1770 crossed the pass or found it impassible; however, soon afterwards, it was crossed by two expeditions led by Juan Bautista de Anza in 1774 and 1775–1776. It later became part of El Camino Real connecting the Spanish missions of California. Although stagecoach traffic used the trail from the 1840s, it remained rough, and passengers were advised to get out and walk in the steepest parts. In 1876 the city of San Luis Obispo funded the construction of an improved and smoother stagecoach road across the pass.

The Southern Pacific Railroad line from San Francisco south through the Salinas Valley reached Santa Margarita, near the top of the pass, in 1889, and a continuation of the line over the pass, connecting to San Luis Obispo, was completed in 1894. The construction of its original seven tunnels included the removal of a record of hand-drilled rock. One of the tunnels caved in, and was bypassed, in 1910. The tunnels were widened and reinforced with concrete in a long piecemeal process from 1940 to 1960. A fire in the summit tunnel in 1987 led to additional relining. In 1996, the Southern Pacific Railroad merged into the Union Pacific Railroad.

In 1914 the former route of the road from San Luis Obispo to the pass, on the west side of the canyon, was realigned to the bottom of the canyon, and widened to a full two-lane road. It was repaved in concrete in 1923, and named as part of U.S. Route 101 in 1926. In 1938, the highway was realigned again, to the east side of the canyon, and widened to four lanes; portions of the two older alignments can still be found. Another widening was made in 2004.

References

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{{Citation , last=Coulter , first=John Wesley , title=San Luis Obispo, California , date=July 1931 , journal=Economic Geography , volume=7 , issue=3 , pages=308–318 , doi=10.2307/140896 , jstor=140896

{{Citation , last=Challenger Tom , title=History of Transportation in Cuesta Pass; El Camino Real, Southern Pacific Railroad and US Route 101 , date=August 24, 2019 , url=http://www.gribblenation.org/2019/08/history-of-transportation-in-cuesta.html

{{Citation , last=Provost , first=Steven H. , title=Hike along Cuesta Grade reveals hidden secrets of Highway 101 history , date=May 1, 2021 , url=https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/photos-from-the-vault/article250952734.html , work=The Tribune , department=Photos from the Vault

{{citation , last=Kelly , first=Earl Lee , date=November 2, 1938 , title=Public Works director tells story of highway project , url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/809406865/?terms=%22cuesta+grade%22&match=1 , newspaper=San Luis Obispo Daily Telegram, access-date=2023-12-24

{{Citation , last=Salvadori , first=Clement , title=A Short History of California's Cuesta Pass on U.S. 101 , date=August 31, 2015 , url=https://ridermagazine.com/2015/08/31/a-short-history-of-californias-cuesta-pass-on-u-s-101/ , work=Rider Magazine

{{Citation , last1=Freeman , first1=José , title=Salinan tribal justice , date=November 28, 2012 , url=https://calcoastnews.com/2012/11/salinan-tribal-justice/ , work=Cal Coast News , access-date=2022-08-05 , last2=Castro , first2=Gregg

{{Citation , title=A Five-year Wait for the Train , url=https://slorrm.com/QR-5yearwait.html , work=San Luis Obispo Railroad Museum , access-date=2022-08-05

{{Citation , title=Southern Pacific history remembered , date=February 4, 2022 , url=https://www.trains.com/ctr/railroads/fallen-flags/southern-pacific-history-remembered/ , work=Classic Trains , access-date=2022-08-05

Mountain passes of California
U.S. Route 101
Santa Lucia Range
Landforms of San Luis Obispo County, California
Transportation in San Luis Obispo County, California