Cuautitlán Izcalli () is a city and one of the 125 municipalities that make up the

State of Mexico The State of Mexico, officially just Mexico, is one of the 32 federal entities of the United Mexican States. Colloquially known as Edomex (from , the abbreviation of , and ), to distinguish it from the name of the whole country, it is the mo ...

. Its municipal seat is Cuautitlán Izcalli. It is located in the

Valley of Mexico The Valley of Mexico (; ), sometimes also called Basin of Mexico, is a highlands plateau in central Mexico. Surrounded by mountains and volcanoes, the Valley of Mexico was a centre for several pre-Columbian civilizations including Teotihuacan, ...

area, and is part of the Metropolitan area of Mexico City. It borders to the north and northwest with

Tepotzotlán Tepotzotlán () is a city and a municipality in the Mexico, Mexican state of Mexico. It is located northwest of Mexico City about a 45-minute drive along the Mexico City–Querétaro road at marker number 41. In Aztec times, the area was the c ...

, to the northeast and to the east with

Cuautitlán Cuautitlán (, Otomi: ), is a municipality in the State of Mexico, just north of the northern tip of the Federal District (Distrito Federal) within the Greater Mexico City urban area. The city of Cuautitlán is the municipal seat and makes up ...

, to the south with Tlalnepantla de Baz, to the southeast with Tultitlán, to the southwest with Atizapán de Zaragoza and to the west with the municipality of Nicolás Romero.

Identity elements

Shield

It is formed by a red triangle, fragmented in the center of each of its sides and with rounded corners, which represents the conjunction of the municipalities of Cuautitlán,

and Tultitlán; Inside the triangle, a white circle stands out with ramifications towards each of the sides that form it. Forming a single image, a letter «C», in green, and a letter «I», in black, appear integrated.

Glyph

The

glyph A glyph ( ) is any kind of purposeful mark. In typography, a glyph is "the specific shape, design, or representation of a character". It is a particular graphical representation, in a particular typeface, of an element of written language. A ...

is formed by a tree with a tooth open in the center of the trunk, and means "abundance between the heads". The spindles or malacates with the

cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...

are the glyph that represented the goddess Tlazolteotl, protector of the

weavers Weaver or Weavers may refer to: Activities * A person who engages in weaving fabric Animals * Various birds of the family Ploceidae * Crevice weaver spider family * Orb-weaver spider family * Weever (or weever-fish) Arts and entertainment ...

, and ''Izcalli'' is represented by the glyph ''calli'', “house”.

History

There is proof that the place that the municipality occupies today has been important for more than two thousand years, when indigenous groups, including hunters

nomadic Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas. Such groups include hunter-gatherers, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), tinkers and trader nomads. In the twentieth century, the population of nomadic pa ...

s and settled peoples, such as the teotihuacanos, the

Toltecs The Toltec culture () was a Pre-Columbian era, pre-Columbian Mesoamerican culture that ruled a state centered in Tula (Mesoamerican site), Tula, Hidalgo (state), Hidalgo, Mexico, during the Epiclassic and the early Post-Classic period of Mesoam ...

, Chichimecas and

Olmecs The Olmecs () or Olmec were an early known major Mesoamerican civilization, flourishing in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco from roughly 1200 to 400 Before the Common Era, BCE during Mesoamerica's Mesoamerican chronolog ...

, occupied the territory. With the defeat and fall of Mexico-Tenochtitlan in 1521, the

kingdom of Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

exercised its power in the newly conquered regions.

Hernán Cortés Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca (December 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish ''conquistador'' who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions o ...

entrusted the town of Cuautitlán to Alonso de Ávila and this, to his brother

Gil González Dávila Gil González Dávila or Gil González de Ávila (b. about 1480 – 21 April 1526) was a Spanish conquistador and the first European to explore present-day Nicaragua. Early career González Dávila first appears in historical records in 1508, w ...

. During this time, Cuautitlán was one of the first places where the

Franciscan friars The Franciscans are a group of related organizations in the Catholic Church, founded or inspired by the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. They include three independent religious orders for men (the Order of Friars Minor being the largest contem ...

taught their

doctrine Doctrine (from , meaning 'teaching, instruction') is a codification (law), codification of beliefs or a body of teacher, teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a ...

, because a nephew of Moctezuma Xocoyotzin, the ''Señor de Tenayuca'' (), reigned there. In the period of the independence war, in order to control by the Spanish the participation of the “rebels” in the war, a proclamation was issued to the sub-delegate of Cuautitlán, offering the grace of pardon to all those who belonged to its jurisdiction and who participated in the movement. Already promulgated, in 1827, the Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of Mexico, the Departmental Board decreed on December 23, 1837, that the department of Mexico be divided into 13 districts, of which the fourth was Cuautitlán. In 1855, nine districts and 33 districts were delimited, and the fifth was named Tlalnepantla, made up of that locality, Cuautitlán,

Tlalpan Tlalpan ( , 'place on the earth') is a Boroughs of Mexico City, borough (''demarcación territorial'') in Mexico City. It is the largest borough, with over 80% under conservation as forest and other ecologically sensitive area. The rest, almost al ...

and

Zumpango Zumpango is a municipality located in the northeastern part of the state of Mexico in Zumpango Region. It lies directly north of Mexico City within the Greater Mexico City urban area. The municipal seat, Zumpango de Ocampo, lies near Lake Zumpango ...

. The history and strategic location gave rise to the original towns of the municipality: Axotlán, San Juan Atlamica, La Aurora, Santa Bárbara Tlacatecpan, San José Huilango, San Lorenzo Riotenco, San Mateo Ixtacalco, San Martín Tepetlixpan, Santa María Tianguistengo, San Francisco Tepojaco, Santiago Tepalcapa, El Rosario, and San Sebastián Xhala. To keep the workers close to the various factories that flourished in the city, especially in the town of La Aurora, 225

adobe Adobe (from arabic: الطوب Attub ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is use ...

or tepetate houses were built around the facilities known as

ranchería The Spanish word ranchería, or rancherío, refers to a small, rural settlement. In the Americas the term was applied to Indigenous peoples of the Americas, native villages or bunkhouses. Anglo-Americans adopted the term with both these meaning ...

s. They had services such as:

drinking water Drinking water or potable water is water that is safe for ingestion, either when drunk directly in liquid form or consumed indirectly through food preparation. It is often (but not always) supplied through taps, in which case it is also calle ...

drainage Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area with excess water. The internal drainage of most agricultural soils can prevent severe waterlogging (anaerobic conditions that harm root gro ...

, bathrooms, a tienda de raya () called "La Vizcaya", a school (they were provided with supplies such as notebooks, pencils, books), streets and passenger cars for their transportation. La Vizcaya was the first factory that existed in this direction of Cuautitlán and that shipped products by rail. In 1965, Gonzalo Monroy Ortega, then municipal president of

, asked the local legislature to make the colony of ''La Aurora'' disappear to become part of the town of La Aurora, but this request was not answered positively, because the two towns are only separated by a canal. On April 1, 1961, La Vizcaya closed due to the competition that arose at that time with the production of products derived from

petroleum Petroleum, also known as crude oil or simply oil, is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid chemical mixture found in geological formations, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons. The term ''petroleum'' refers both to naturally occurring un ...

, which reduced the sale and distribution of

coastal A coast (coastline, shoreline, seashore) is the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake. Coasts are influenced by the topography of the surrounding landscape and by aquatic erosion, su ...

s of

natural fiber Natural fibers or natural fibres (see Spelling differences#-re, -er, spelling differences) are fibers that are produced by geology, geological processes, or from the bodies of plants or animals. They can be used as a component of Composite mate ...

s. On July 31, 1971, the then President of the Republic,

Luis Echeverría Álvarez Luis is a given name. It is the Spanish form of the originally Germanic name or . Other Iberian Romance languages have comparable forms: (with an accent mark on the i) in Portuguese and Galician, in Aragonese and Catalan, while is archai ...

, laid the first stone of the city, located next to what is now the Parque de las Esculturas. Originally, Cuautitlán Izcalli was planned to be the first self-sufficient city in the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico, and for this, a large part of the territory of existing municipalities was taken, such as

, Tultitlán and Atizapán de Zaragoza. Like many other projects of the time, one of the objectives of building this city was the regulation of population growth and the reduction of congestion in the metropolitan area. The city was created using the plans of European and American cities as a base, which helped to transform the land into appropriate areas for the establishment of work, service and housing centers, with the idea of having sports areas and industrial, residential and green areas. On May 1, 1972, President Luis Echeverría, together with the then Governor of the State of Mexico Carlos Hank González, made the symbolic delivery of 225 houses, and also began to operate the first office of telegraphs of Cuautitlán Izcalli; but it was not until August 21 of the same year, when the keys to the first 227 houses were handed over to normal school teachers from the entity and the first “Conasuper” shopping center was inaugurated in the vicinity of Plaza Isidro Fabela, in Cumbria. Decree Number 71 of the H. XLV Legislature of the

, signed on June 22, 1973, stipulates that the official name of

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality' ...

number 121 of the State of Mexico is Cuautitlán Izcalli: Once the official designation of the city was finalized, the first political administration of the municipality was headed by the lawyer Gabriel Marcelino Ezeta Moll, who began his activities with a limited budget that amounted to 3 million 103 thousand 166 pesos until the end of 1973. Serving in the role of ruler from 1973 to 1976, the first seats of government were established first in the "Calmecac" secondary school in Cumbria, then in four houses on Jocotitlán street, later in some offices installed in the upper part of a sub-commercial center located on Jilotzingo street, and Finally, it was not until 1976 that a government building was established that began to function as the municipal presidency. The headquarters was inaugurated by Luis Cuauhtémoc Riojas Guajardo, who was elected as the second municipal president of Izcalli after the end of the term of governance of Gabriel Marcelino.

Politics

Demography

Religion

Cuautitlán Izcalli is one of the municipalities with the largest number of patron saint festivities of Catholic worship in the region. On June 9, 2014, Pope

Francis Francis may refer to: People and characters *Pope Francis, head of the Catholic Church (2013–2025) *Francis (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Francis (surname) * Francis, a character played by YouTuber Boogie2 ...

created the Diocese of Izcalli. Cuautitlán Izcalli has several temples, two of which date from the XVII century: * San Lorenzo Río Tenco (also part of the XVI century) * Santa Bárbara Tlacatecpan And two from the XVIII century: * San Juan Atlamica * San Mateo Ixtacalco

Public services

To mention some of the services that the municipality has, it is contemplated to: * Municipal police * Municipal Cruz Roja * Firefighters and

civil protection Civil defense or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state (generally non-combatants) from human-made and natural disasters. It uses the principles of emergency management: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response, ...

* Organismo de Agua Potable Alcantarillado y Saneamiento (Operagua), municipal water supply manager * Public health: ** General Hospital of Zone 57 of the IMSS
** IMSS Family Medicine Unit Clinic No.52
** Maternal and Child Clinic of the DIF

Neighborhoods

The neighborhoods of the municipality are listed below: * Adolfo López Mateos * Ampliación Ejidal San Isidro * Arboledas de San Miguel * Arcos de la Hacienda * Arcos del Alba * Atlanta primera sección * Atlanta segunda sección * Axotlán * Bellavista * Bosques de la Hacienda primera sección * Bosques de la Hacienda segunda sección * Bosques de la Hacienda tercera sección * Bosques del Alba I * Bosques del Alba II * Bosques del Lago * Bosques de Morelos * Bosques de Xhala * Campestre del Lago * Campo Uno * Claustros de San Miguel * Cofradía de San Miguel * Cofradía de San Miguel II * Cofradía de San Miguel III * Cofradía de San Miguel IV * Colinas del Lago * Complejo Industrial Cuamatla * Conjunto Urbano La Piedad * CTM * Centro Urbano * Cumbre Norte * Cumbria * Del Río * Ejidal San Isidro * El Cerrito * Elite Plaza * El Rosario * El Sabino * El Socorro * El Tikal * Ensueños * Ex Hacienda de San Miguel * Ferrocarrilera * Fidel Velázquez * Francisco Villa * Fuentes del Bosque * Fuentes del Tepeyac * Generalísimo José María Morelos y Pavón * Generalísimo José María Morelos y Pavón Sur * Granjas Lomas de Guadalupe * Hacienda del Parque primera sección * Hacienda del Parque segunda sección * Halcón Oriente * Parque Industrial Xhala * Infonavit Centro * Infonavit Norte primera sección * Infonavit Norte segunda sección * Infonavit Norte Consorcio * Infonavit Sur (Niños Héroes) * Infonavit Tepalcapa * Jardines de la Hacienda Norte * Jardines de la Hacienda Sur * Jardines del Alba * Jardines de San Miguel * Jardines de San Miguel lll * Jorge Jiménez Cantú * Joyas del Alba * La Aurora * La Capilla * La Conasupo * La Era * Lago de Guadalupe * La Joyita * La Perla * La Piedad * La Piedad Fase A * La Presita * La Quebrada Ampliación * La Quebrada Centro * Las Ánimas * Las Auroritas * Las Conchitas * Las Gaviotas * Las Huertas * Las Mariposas * Liverpool * Loma Bonita * Lomas del Bosque * Lomas de los Ángeles * Lomas de San Francisco Tepojaco * Los Ailes * Los Pájaros * Los Pinos * Luis Echeverría * México * Mirador Santa Rosa * Nopaltepec * Parque Industrial Cuautitlán * Parque Industrial La Joya * Parque Industrial La Luz * Paseo de los Jardines * Paseos de Izcalli * Paseos del Encanto * Plan de Guadalupe * Plan Maestro San Martín Obispo * Plaza Dorada * Punta Norte * Residencial La Joya * Residencial La Luz * Residencial Los Lirios * Rinconada Cuautitlán * Rinconada San Miguel * Rincón Colonial * Rincón del Bosque * San Antonio * San Francisco Tepojaco * San Isidro * San José Buenavista * San José Huilango * San Juan Atlamica * San Lorenzo Río Tenco * San Marcos Cuamatla * San Martín Obispo * San Martín Tepetlixpan * San Pablo de los Gallos * San Sebastián Xhala * Santa Bárbara * Santa María Guadalupe (La Quebrada) * Santa María Guadalupe Las Torres primera sección * Santa María Guadalupe Las Torres segunda sección * Santa María Tianguistengo * Santa Rosa de Lima * Santiago Tepalcapa * Sección Parques * Torres Álgibe * Tres de Mayo * Tres Picos * Tulipanes * Unidad Cívica Bacardi * Urbi Hacienda Balboa * Urbi Quinta Montecarlo * Valle de la Hacienda * Valle de las Flores * Valle Esmeralda * Villas del Sol * Viveros 2

Villages

Cuautitlán Izcalli was formed from 13 original villages:

Geography

It has a territorial extension of 109.54 square kilometers, it represents 0.5% of the surface of the State of Mexico. The highest portions are located to the south of the municipality at a maximum height of 2430 m s. n. m. (metros sobre el nivel del mar, English: meters above sea level) and the lowest is to the west with 2200 m s. n. m., the municipal seat is at 2280 m s. n. m.

Location and access

The municipality of Cuautitlán Izcalli is located in the northwestern part of the Mexico Basin. It has a territorial extension of 109,924 km². Its location is along the infrastructure chain formed by the Mexico-Querétaro highway, México-Pachuca, México-Puebla, Chamapa-Lechería, and Peñón-Texcoco, with which a large number of areas are connected conurbations through high-specification highways, and integrated in turn, towards the regions of

Toluca Toluca , officially Toluca de Lerdo , is the States of Mexico, state capital of the State of Mexico as well as the seat of the Municipality of Toluca. Toluca has a population of 910,608 as of the 2020 census. The city forms the core of the Grea ...

Puebla Puebla, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla, is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its capital is Puebla City. Part of east-centr ...

, Hidalgo and

Querétaro Querétaro, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Querétaro, 18 municipalities. Its capital city is Querétaro Cit ...

. Izcalli is also connected to the Tren Suburbano. It has four entrances: the entrance of Constitución avenue, Chalma avenue, Adolfo López Mateos avenue, México Cuautitlán avenue. The authorities of Cuautitlán Izcalli, in coordination with the government of the State of Mexico, built the James Watt bridge, which increased by 75 percent the capacity of vehicles at the entrance of the Mexico-Cuautitlán highway.

Hydrography

The principal water currents in Izcalli are the río Cuautitlán, which crosses an approximate extension of 40 km of the municipal territory, and the Hondo de Tepotzotlán River. The main bodies of water in the municipality are: * Presa de Guadalupe () * Laguna de la Piedad () * Espejo de los Lirios () * Presa de Angulo () * Laguna de Axotlán ()

Lago de Guadalupe

El lago de Guadalupe () is a dam that was built between 1936 and 1943, for flood control and irrigation. It extends over 348 hectares, being 2,200 meters above sea level. It belongs to the basin of the Moctezuma River. The dam is the second most important body of water in the Valley of Mexico, and is supplied by the Cuautitlán, Xinte and San Pedro rivers. Starting in 2006, as a result of the death of hundreds of fish between the months of May 2004 and February 2005, the Guadalupe Dam Basin Commission was created, with the aim of restoring the natural resources of this sub-basin, in addition to promoting sustainable development, having as its main axis this water resource.

Ecosystems

The municipality has a great variety of vegetation, mainly made up of forests and grasslands. The former occupy a land area of approximately 451 hectares. The main reason why the municipality has several green areas is because the initial construction lands were covered by several plains.

Natural areas

The Presa de Guadalupe () is a protected natural area which is shared with Nicolás Romero, a neighboring municipality of Izcalli. As it is a protected area with the category of state park, it falls under the exclusive jurisdiction and competence of the State of Mexico, for which reason it is managed by the Secretary of the Environment of the Government of the State of Mexico, through the Comisión Estatal de Parques Naturales y de la Fauna (CEPANAF), (). Other green areas in the city include the Parque Espejo de los Lirios (), the Parque Central (), and the laguna de Axotlán (), a body of water belonging to the town of the same name dating from the year 1627. Although this lagoon is also considered a protected area, there have been several times in which businessmen have tried to dry it to be able to build, highlighting the attempts of 2002, 2010, 2014, and 2021.

Economy

Shopping mall A shopping mall (or simply mall) is a large indoor shopping center, usually Anchor tenant, anchored by department stores. The term ''mall'' originally meant pedestrian zone, a pedestrian promenade with shops along it, but in the late 1960s, i ...

s in the city include Centro San Miguel, San Marcos Power Center, and Luna Parc, which compete with Galerías Perinorte to the south of the municipality.

Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational corporation, multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. T ...

Cuautitlán Assembly The Cuautitlán Stamping and Assembly Plant (CSAP) is a Ford Motor Company manufacturing facility located in Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico. The site opened in 1964 and currently manufactures the Ford Mustang Mach-E, Mustang Mach-E. The facility pr ...

plant is based in Izcalli, assembling Fiestas ( F-Series before 2010). Companies like Alpura and Becton Dickinson installed their industrial plants in this municipality.

Culture

Some of the cultural centers and places that Izcalli has include: * The Centro Regional de Cultura Cuautitlán Izcalli (), a cultural space managed by the Instituto Mexiquense de Cultura in which workshops are given on

ballet Ballet () is a type of performance dance that originated during the Italian Renaissance in the fifteenth century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread and highly technical form of ...

, Mexican folk dance, theater, guitar, piano, children's theater, singing, among other classes. * The Plaza Estado de México (), inaugurated on April 20, 2013, in homage to the

Mexican Army The Mexican Army () is the combined Army, land and Air Force, air branch and is the largest part of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army. The Army is under the authority of the Secretariat of National Defense o ...

and the

Mexican Air Force The Mexican Air Force (FAM; ) is the air service branch of the Mexican Armed Forces. It is a component of the Mexican Army and as such overseen by the National Defense Secretariat (SEDENA). The objective of the FAM is to defend the integrity, in ...

, it is located next to the Mexico-Querétaro Highway. * The Parque de las Esculturas (), that offers an environment in nature, accompanied by the art of the sculptor Charlotte Yazbek. * The Teatro San Benito Abad (), which belongs to the private school Centro Escolar del Lago (), has a capacity of 1,500 spectators.

Sport

Arena Mamá Lucha-S

The Arena Mamá Lucha-S () is an arena and promotion of

professional wrestling Professional wrestling, often shortened to either pro wrestling or wrestling,The term "wrestling" is most often widely used to specifically refer to modern scripted professional wrestling, though it is also used to refer to Real life, real- ...

, inaugurated on November 16, 2019.

Estadio Hugo Sánchez Márquez

The Estadio Hugo Sánchez Márquez () is a

stadium A stadium (: stadiums or stadia) is a place or venue for (mostly) outdoor sports, concerts, or other events and consists of a field or stage completely or partially surrounded by a tiered structure designed to allow spectators to stand or sit ...

opened in 2003, which is also used for family walks.

City and municipal seat

By 2005 Mexican national intermediary (''conteo'') census figures, the city of Cuautitlán Izcalli is the sixth-most populous in the state, with its population of 477,872 dominating a municipality of 498,021 people.

References

External links

Ayuntamiento de Cuautitlán Izcalli
Official website
Comercio en Cuautitlán Izcalli
Comercio en Cuautitlan Izcalli {{DEFAULTSORT:Cuautitlan Izcalli 1971 establishments in Mexico Populated places in the State of Mexico Mexico City metropolitan area Municipalities of the State of Mexico