The Tettigoniinae are a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

in about twelve

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide use of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. The definition is contested, in part due to conflict ...

Distribution

The greatest diversity is in the

Palaearctic The Palearctic or Palaearctic is a biogeographic realm of the Earth, the largest of eight. Confined almost entirely to the Eastern Hemisphere, it stretches across Europe and Asia, north of the foothills of the Himalayas, and North Africa. Th ...

region and many of the familiar European species of bush crickets (''e.g.'' in the genera ''

Metrioptera ''Metrioptera'' is a genus of insects in the tribe Platycleidini and subfamily Tettigoniinae, include the ''bog'' and ''meadow bush crickets''. They are found in Eurasia. Taxonomy Genus group ''Metrioptera'' A number of Palaearctic The Pale ...

Pholidoptera ''Pholidoptera'' is a genus of bush-crickets belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae and the type genus of the tribe Pholidopterini The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about ...

Platycleis ''Platycleis'' is a genus of bush crickets described by Fieber in 1853, belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae. The species of this genus are present in Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia. Biology Studies conducted in 2010 at the Univer ...

'' and the type genus ''

Tettigonia ''Tettigonia'' is the type genus of Tettigoniinae, bush crickets belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae. The scientific name ''Tettigonia'' is Onomatopoeia, onomatopoeic and derives from the Greek τεττιξ, meaning cicada. Species of this ...

'') are in this subfamily. They are attributed to an ancient

Gondwana Gondwana ( ; ) was a large landmass, sometimes referred to as a supercontinent. The remnants of Gondwana make up around two-thirds of today's continental area, including South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia (continent), Australia, Zea ...

fauna, which is reflected in the known distribution of the southern African genera, which are in turn related to Australian and North American genera in the tribe

Nedubini The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve tribes. Distribution The greatest diversity is in the Palaearctic region and many of the familiar European species of bush cricke ...

(''e.g.

Neduba ''Neduba'' is a genus of insects in the family Tettigoniidae (katydids), which is native to North America. Species The following species (1 extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A t ...

'' and '' Aglaothorax'').

Extant Extant or Least-concern species, least concern is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Exta ...

genera are native to: the

Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...

(where they may be called shield-backed katydids),

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...

southern Africa Southern Africa is the southernmost region of Africa. No definition is agreed upon, but some groupings include the United Nations geoscheme for Africa, United Nations geoscheme, the intergovernmental Southern African Development Community, and ...

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

(especially

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...

), and the

Near East The Near East () is a transcontinental region around the Eastern Mediterranean encompassing the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and coastal areas of the Arabian Peninsula. The term was invented in the 20th ...

. The faunas of the

Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeog ...

and Australia are more closely related to one other than to those of southern Africa and Madagascar (in tribe

Arytropteridini The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of Tettigoniidae, bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve Tribe (biology), tribes. Distribution The greatest diversity is in the Palaearctic region and many of the familiar ...

), although the three faunas are related.

Tribes and genera

In the ''Orthoptera Species File'', the following are listed:Orthoptera Species File: subfamily Tettigoniinae Krauss, 1902 (retrieved 17 November 2021)
/ref>

Arytropteridini

Auth. Caudell, 1908; distribution: Southern Africa # ''

Alfredectes ''Alfredectes'' is a genus of bush crickets or katydids, which is endemic to South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa ...

'' Rentz, 1988 # '' Anarytropteris'' Uvarov, 1924 # ''

Arytropteris ''Arytropteris'' is a genus of shield-backed katydid The Tettigoniinae are a subfamily of Tettigoniidae, bush crickets or katydids, which contains hundreds of species in about twelve Tribe (biology), tribes. Distribution The greatest diversit ...

'' Herman, 1874 # ''Ceresia'' Uvarov, 1928 - monotypic ''

Ceresia pulchripes ''Ceresia pulchripes'', the common ceresia, is a species of bush cricket or katydid endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other def ...

'' # '' Namaquadectes'' Rentz, 1988 # '' Thoracistus'' Pictet, 1888 # '' Toliaridectes'' Hugel, 2019 # '' Transkeidectes'' Naskrecki, 1992 # '' Zuludectes'' Rentz, 1988

Ctenodecticini

Auth. Caudell, 1908; distribution:

# '' Ctenodecticus'' Bolívar, 1877 # '' Miramiola'' Uvarov, 1939

Decticini

Auth. Herman, 1874 (synonyms Decticidae or Dectici Herman, 1874); distribution:

# '' Decticus'' Serville, 1831

Drymadusini

Auth. Uvarov, 1924; distribution: Palaearctic,

Nearctic The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface. The Nearctic realm covers most of North America, including Greenland, Central Florida, and the highlands of Mexico. The parts of North America ...

# '' Afrodrymadusa'' Ramme, 1939 # '' Ammoxenulus'' Bey-Bienko, 1951 # '' Anadolua'' Ramme, 1939 # '' Anadrymadusa'' Karabag, 1961 # '' Anatlanticus'' Bey-Bienko, 1951 # '' Atlanticus'' Scudder, 1894 # '' Bergiola'' Stshelkanovtzev, 1910 # '' Bienkoxenus'' Cejchan, 1968 # '' Calopterusa'' Uvarov, 1942 # '' Ceraeocercus'' Uvarov, 1910 # '' Delodusa'' Stolyarov, 1994 # '' Drymadusa'' Stein, 1860 # '' Drymadusella'' Ramme, 1939 # '' Drymapedes'' Bey-Bienko, 1967 # '' Eulithoxenus'' Bey-Bienko, 1951 # '' Exodrymadusa'' Karabag, 1961 # '' Ferganusa'' Uvarov, 1926 # '' Iranusa'' Uvarov, 1942 # '' Kansua'' Uvarov, 1933 # '' Leptodusa'' Stolyarov, 1994 # '' Lithodusa'' Bey-Bienko, 1951 # '' Lithoxenus'' Bey-Bienko, 1951 # '' Microdrymadusa'' Bey-Bienko, 1967 # '' Mixodusa'' Stolyarov, 1994 # '' Mongolodectes'' Bey-Bienko, 1951 # '' Novadrymadusa'' Demirsoy, Salman & Sevgili, 2002 # '' Paradrymadusa'' Herman, 1874 # '' Paratlanticus'' Ramme, 1939 # '' Pezodrymadusa'' Karabag, 1961 # '' Phytodrymadusa'' Ramme, 1939 # '' Ptosoproctus'' Shen, Yin & He, 2021 # '' Scotodrymadusa'' Ramme, 1939 # '' Sichuana'' Yin & Shen, 2020 # '' Tadzhikia'' Mistshenko, 1954 # '' Uvarovina'' Ramme, 1939 # '' Zagrosiella'' Mirzayans, 1991

Gampsocleidini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893; distribution: Palaearctic # '' Gampsocleis'' Fieber, 1852 # '' Uvarovites'' Tarbinsky, 1932 - monotypic '' U. inflatus'' (Uvarov, 1924) - mainland E. Asia

Glyphonotini

Auth. Tarbinsky, 1932 (synonyms: Glyphonotinae Tarbinsky, 1932; Glyphontini); distribution: Palaearctic, Australia # '' Calliphona'' Krauss, 1892 # '' Chlorodectes'' Rentz, 1985 # '' Ectopistidectes'' Rentz, 1985 # '' Glyphonotus'' Redtenbacher, 1889 # '' Metaballus'' Herman, 1874 # '' Psalmatophanes'' Chopard, 1938

Nedubini

Auth. Gorochov, 1988; distribution:

, Australia * '' Aglaothorax'' Caudell, 1907 * '' Antipodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Apteropedetes'' Rentz, 1979 * '' Barraza'' Koçak & Kemal, 2008 * '' Chinnandectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Dexerra'' Walker, 1869 * '' Falcidectes'' Rentz & Gurney, 1985 * '' Glenbalodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Idionotus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Ixalodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Lanciana'' Walker, 1869 * ''

'' Walker, 1869 * '' Oligodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Oligodectoides'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Phymonotus'' Lightfoot, Weissman & Ueshima, 2011 * '' Platydecticus'' Chopard, 1951 * '' Platyproctidectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Rhachidorus'' Herman, 1874 * '' Throscodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Xederra'' Ander, 1938 * '' Xyrdectes'' Rentz & Gurney, 1985

Onconotini

Auth. Tarbinsky, 1940; distribution: Palaearctic * '' Onconotus'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1839

Pholidopterini

Auth. Ramme, 1951; distribution: Palaearctic # '' Aparapholidoptera'' Çiplak, 2020 # '' Apholidoptera'' Maran, 1953 # '' Eupholidoptera'' Maran, 1953 # '' Exopholidoptera'' Ünal, 1998 # '' Parapholidoptera'' Maran, 1953 # ''

'' Wesmaël, 1838 # '' Psorodonotus'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1861 # '' Spinopholidoptera'' Çiplak, 2020 # '' Uvarovistia'' Maran, 1953

Plagiostirini

Auth. Storozhenko, 1994; distribution: Nearctic * '' Plagiostira'' Scudder, 1876

Platycleidini

Auth. Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893; distribution: Nearctic, Palaearctic, probably through to

Australasia Australasia is a subregion of Oceania, comprising Australia, New Zealand (overlapping with Polynesia), and sometimes including New Guinea and surrounding islands (overlapping with Melanesia). The term is used in a number of different context ...

* '' Afghanoptera'' Ramme, 1952 * '' Amedegnatiana'' Massa & Fontana, 2011 * '' Anabrus'' Haldeman, 1852 * '' Anonconotus'' Camerano, 1878 * '' Antaxius'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 * '' Anterastes'' Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1882 * '' Ariagona'' Krauss, 1892 * '' Austrodectes'' Rentz, 1985 * '' Bicolorana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Broughtonia'' Harz, 1969 * '' Bucephaloptera'' Ebner, 1923 * '' Chizuella'' - monotypic ''C. bonneti'' : E. Asia * '' Clinopleura'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Decticita'' Hebard, 1939 * '' Decticoides'' Ragge, 1977 * '' Eobiana'' Bei-Bienko, 1949 * '' Eremopedes'' Scudder, 1897 * '' Festella'' Giglio-Tos, 1894 * '' Hermoniana'' Broza, Ayal & Pener, 2004 * '' Hypsopedes'' Bei-Bienko, 1951 * '' Idiostatus'' Pictet, 1888 * '' Incertana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Inyodectes'' Rentz & Birchim, 1968 * '' Koroglus'' - monotypic ''K. disparalatus'' Ünal, 2002 * ''

'' Wesmaël, 1838: also a genus group * '' Modestana'' Beier, 1955 * ''

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Pachytrachis'' Uvarov, 1940 * '' Parnassiana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Pediodectes'' Rehn & Hebard, 1916 * '' Peranabrus'' Scudder, 1894 * '' Petropedes'' Tinkham, 1972 * ''

'' Fieber, 1853: also a genus group * '' Plicigastra'' Uvarov, 1940 * '' Pravdiniana'' Sergeev & Pokivajlov, 1992 * '' Pterolepis'' Rambur, 1838 * '' Raggeana'' Pener, Broza & Ayal, 1971 * '' Rammeola'' Uvarov, 1934 * '' Rhacocleis'' Fieber, 1853 * '' Sardoplatycleis'' Massa & Fontana, 2011 - monotypic '' Sardoplatycleis galvagnii'' * '' Sporadiana'' Zeuner, 1941 - monotypic '' Sporadiana sporadarum'' * '' Roeseliana'' Zeuner, 1941 (formerly in ''Metrioptera'') * '' Schizonotinus'' Ramme, 1948 * '' Sepiana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Sphagniana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Steiroxys'' Herman, 1874 * '' Tessellana'' Zeuner, 1941 * '' Uludaghia'' Ramme, 1951 * '' Vichetia'' Harz, 1969 * '' Yersinella'' Ramme, 1933 * '' Zeuneriana'' Karsch, 1889

Tettigoniini

Auth. Krauss, 1902; distribution: Nearctic, Palaearctic, possibly through to Australasia # '' Acrodectes'' # '' Amphiestris'' # '' Apote'' # '' Ateloplus'' # '' Capnobotes'' # '' Cyrtophyllicus'' # '' Elasmocercus'' # '' Evergoderes'' # '' Farsodecticus'' # '' Hubbellia'' # '' Hyphinomos'' # '' Idionotus'' # '' Medecticus'' # '' Nanodectes'' # '' Platyoplus'' # '' Sureyaella'' # ''

'' # '' Thyreonotus'' # '' Zacycloptera''

Tribe ''
incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''

* '' Bolua'' Ünal, 1999 - Turkey * '' Dreuxia'' Chopard & Dreux, 1966 - Himalayas * '' Neogampsocleis'' Caudell, 1935 - China

Examples and Gallery

The

Mormon cricket The Mormon cricket (''Anabrus simplex'') is a large insect native to western North America in rangelands dominated by sagebrush and forbs. ''Anabrus'' is a genus in the shield-backed katydid subfamily in the Tettigoniidae family, commonly ca ...

, actually a katydid and member of this subfamily, has been known to cause extensive damage when it breeds in large numbers in cropland. 123 species are native to

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...

. File:Mormon cricket (red background).jpg, '' Anabrus simplex'' File:Anadrymadusa retowskii male.JPG, File:Anonconotus alpestris male (3787938321).jpg, File:Anthaxius pedestris male (7973599932).jpg, File:Metriptera bicolor male macropterous (5933691434).jpg, alt=, File:Warzenbeisser (01).JPEG, alt=, File:Black katydid - Eobiana engelhardti - 姫螽斯(ヒメギス) (5798504048).jpg, alt=, File:Eupholidoptera chabrieri male (31036314374).jpg, alt=, File:Gampsocleis glabra male (15031711991).jpg, alt=, File:Pholidoptera femorata male (9566322834).jpg, alt=, File:Platycleis affinis.jpg, alt=, File:Metrioptera roeselii forma diluta f 5665.jpg, alt=, File:Sepiana sepium female (15031790421).jpg, File:Platycleis tesselata male (5012521208).jpg, alt=, File:Tettigonia viridissima white 2010 01.jpg, alt=, File:Thoracistus sp, Iphithi Natuurreservaat, b.jpg, File:Thy corsicus8 CB.JPG, alt=, File:Yersinella raymondii male (15011823486).jpg, alt=, File:Zeuneriana marmorata.jpg, alt=,

References

External links

* *
Subfamily Tettigoniinae
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2306585 Orthoptera subfamilies