Csorna is a town in Győr-Moson-Sopron county,

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

. Csorna is located near the

Fertő-Hanság National Park Fertő-Hanság National Park() is a national Park in North-West Hungary in Győr-Moson-Sopron county. It was created in 1991, and officially opened together with the connecting Austrian National Park Neusiedler See-Seewinkel, Neusiedler See-Seewink ...

. There are two districts in the town: the Földsziget and the Csatárimajor.

Etymology

The name comes from

Slavic Slavic, Slav or Slavonic may refer to: Peoples * Slavic peoples, an ethno-linguistic group living in Europe and Asia ** East Slavic peoples, eastern group of Slavic peoples ** South Slavic peoples, southern group of Slavic peoples ** West Slav ...

''*Cherna/Chorna'' (black), see also e.g.

Čierna Čierna (; ) is a village and municipality in the Trebišov District in the Košice Region of south-eastern Slovakia. Name The village's name comes from the Hungarian personal name ''Csernő'', or archaically, ''Cserna''. The ''Ág-'' prefix ...

, Černá or Czarna.

History

At 13 June 1849, during the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848 and 1849, in the Battle of Csorna the Hungarian division led by Colonel

György Kmety György Kmety ( Felsőpokorágy, – London, ) was a general in the Hungarian Army, and in the Ottoman Army under the name Ismail Pasha. Career Kmety's father was a noble but poor evangelist vicar who died in 1818, so his brother (Pa ...

defeated the Austrian troops led by Major General Franz Wyss, who died in the battle. The Hungarian peasants tried to help the Hungarian troops, and because of this the Austrians when they returned to Csorna on 21 June, they burned the city to punish its inhabitants.

Jews

Jews Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...

first settled in the town in the second half of the 18th century, at the invitation of the estate owner, count Eszterhazy. The majority were engaged in commerce, while there were some industrialists. The community was organized in 1853. the

synagogue A synagogue, also called a shul or a temple, is a place of worship for Jews and Samaritans. It is a place for prayer (the main sanctuary and sometimes smaller chapels) where Jews attend religious services or special ceremonies such as wed ...

was built in 1854 and enlarged in 1884. because of differences between

haredim Haredi Judaism (, ) is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that is characterized by its strict interpretation of religious sources and its accepted (Jewish law) and traditions, in opposition to more accommodating values and practices. Its members are ...

and

maskilim The ''Haskalah'' (; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), often termed the Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Europe and th ...

(reformer) at the Jewish congress in 1868, the community affiliated with the orthodox stream (which refused to accept the decisions of congress). In 1885 land was obtained for a cemetery and a Khevra Kadisha was established. There were also a school,

Talmud Torah Talmud Torah (, lit. 'Study of the Torah') schools were created in the Jewish world, both Ashkenazic and Sephardic, as a form of religious school for boys of modest backgrounds, where they were given an elementary education in Hebrew language, H ...

and charitable institutions. In

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

19 Jews fell in action. During the period of the " White Terror" (1919–21) one Jew was murdered. In 1930 the community numbered 795 Jews.

The Holocaust period

In 1941 Jewish males were conscripted for

forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of ...

(work on fortifications and in services together with other Hungarian citizens whom the authorities would not permit to join the armed forces). In May 1944 a

ghetto A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group are concentrated, especially as a result of political, social, legal, religious, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished than other ...

was set up in Csorna, in which the Jews from the surrounding area were also confined. They were sent on foot and in carts, often for long distances. On 18 June they were all sent to the ghetto in

Sopron Sopron (; , ) is a city in Hungary on the Austrian border, near Lake Neusiedl/Lake Fertő. History Ancient times-13th century In the Iron Age a hilltop settlement with a burial ground existed in the neighbourhood of Sopron-Várhely. When ...

, and on 5 July they were transported to

Auschwitz Auschwitz, or Oświęcim, was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It consisted of Auschw ...

. In April 1945 Jewish workers from a forced labour unit at the

extermination camp Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (), also called death camps (), or killing centers (), in Central Europe, primarily in occupied Poland, during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocau ...

Balf Balf () was a village in Sopron County, Sopron then Győr-Moson-Sopron County, Győr-Sopron County. In 1985 it became part of the town of Sopron. It has approximately 1,000 inhabitants.

were brought to the municipal hospital in csorna. They were wounded, having been shot by members of the S.S. and men of Szalasi's " Arrow Cross" fascist party. They all died and were buried in the Jewish cemetery. After the war, some tens of survivors returned who renewed communal life. In 1955 there were 70 Jews in the area, including 22 children born after the war.

Sport

The

association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 Football player, players who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a Ball (association football), ball around a rectangular f ...

Csornai SE Csornai Sport Egyesület is a professional football club based in Csorna, Győr-Moson-Sopron County, Hungary, that competes in the Nemzeti Bajnokság III Nemzeti Bajnokság III (''NB III'', ''National Championship III'') is the third tier of ...

, competing in the

Nemzeti Bajnokság III Nemzeti Bajnokság III (''NB III'', ''National Championship III'') is the third tier of Football in Hungary, Hungarian football (from the autumn of 1997 till the spring of 2005, NB III was the fourth tier, the third was NB II). The tier contains ...

, are based in the town.

Notable people

János Áder János Áder (; born 9 May 1959) is a Hungarian politician and lawyer who served as President of Hungary from 2012 to 2022. He is a long-time politician of the Right-wing politics, right-wing Fidesz. As a representative of his party, he took par ...

, President of Hungary *

David Gestetner David Gestetner (31 March 18548 March 1939) was the inventor of the Gestetner stencil duplicator, the first piece of office equipment that allowed production of numerous copies of documents quickly and inexpensively. He also invented a new kin ...

, inventor of the

Gestetner The Gestetner is a type of duplicating machine named after its inventor, David Gestetner (1854–1939). During the 20th century, the term ''Gestetner'' was used as a verb—as in ''Gestetnering''. The Gestetner company established its base in Lo ...

duplicating machine * Zoltán Szarka, footballer

Twin towns – sister cities

Csorna is twinned with: *

Dingzhou Dingzhou, or Tingchow in Postal Map Romanization, and formerly called Ding County or Dingxian, is a county-level city in the prefecture-level city of Baoding, Hebei, Hebei Province. As of 2020, Dingzhou had a population of 1.1 million. Dingzhou ...

, China *

Lunca de Sus Lunca de Sus (; or colloquially ''Felsőlok'') is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. It lies in the Szekely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. Component villages The commune is composed of six villages: Izvorul Tr ...

, Romania *

Miercurea Nirajului Miercurea Nirajului ( ) is a town in Mureș County, Romania. It lies in the Székely Land, an ethno-cultural region in eastern Transylvania. The following seven villages are administered by the town: Beu (''Székelybő''), Dumitreștii (''Demeter ...

, Romania * Sinzing, Germany * Zlaté Klasy, Slovakia

References

Sources

* *

External links

* in Hungarian
Csorna, Hungary - JewishGen
Populated places in Győr-Moson-Sopron County {{Gyor-geo-stub