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The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as mg/kg, or parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm = 1%).
Estimates of elemental abundance are difficult because (a) the composition of the upper and lower crust are quite different, and (b) the composition of the continental crust can vary drastically by locality. David Kring
Composition of Earth's continental crust as inferred from the compositions of impact melt sheets
Lunar and Planetary Science XXVIII
Periodic Table
* World Book Encyclopedia
Exploring Earth
* HyperPhysics, Georgia State University
* Data Series 140, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Version 2011, USG
* Eric Scerri, The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, 2007 Structure of the Earth Properties of chemical elements Lists of chemical elements Earth's crust
The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as mg/kg, or parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm = 1%).
Estimates of elemental abundance are difficult because (a) the composition of the upper and lower crust are quite different, and (b) the composition of the continental crust can vary drastically by locality. David KringComposition of Earth's continental crust as inferred from the compositions of impact melt sheets
Lunar and Planetary Science XXVIII
List of abundance by element
See also
*Abundances of the elements (data page)
Earth bulk continental crust and upper continental crust
*C1 — Crust: CRC Handbook
*C2 — Crust: Kaye and Laby
*C3 — Crust: Greenwood
*C4 — Crust: Ahrens (Taylor)
*C5 — Crust: Ahrens (Wänke)
*C6 — Crust: Ahrens (Weaver)
*U1 — Uppe ...
* Atmospheric chemistry
* Clarke number
Clarke number or clarke is the relative abundance of a chemical element, typically in Earth's crust. The technical definition of "Earth's crust" varies among authors, and the actual numbers also vary significantly.
History
In the 1930s, USSR g ...
— lists of historical data and terminology
* List of chemical elements
This is a list of the 118 chemical elements which have been identified as of 2022. A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has the same number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., the same atomic number, or ' ...
* Primordial nuclide
In geochemistry, geophysics and nuclear physics, primordial nuclides, also known as primordial isotopes, are nuclides found on Earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Primordial nuclides were present in the ...
References
{{Reflist * BookRagsPeriodic Table
* World Book Encyclopedia
Exploring Earth
* HyperPhysics, Georgia State University
* Data Series 140, Historical Statistics for Mineral and Material Commodities in the United States, Version 2011, USG
* Eric Scerri, The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, 2007 Structure of the Earth Properties of chemical elements Lists of chemical elements Earth's crust