Criuleni () is a district () in the central part of

Moldova Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a Landlocked country, landlocked country in Eastern Europe, with an area of and population of 2.42 million. Moldova is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. ...

, with the administrative center at Criuleni. As of January 1, 2011, its population was 73,100.

Toponimics

The history of love of two young Criu and Lenuța - from neighboring towns, and whose parents forbade them to marry, had a tragic end. Finding no other solution, they were thrown into the river

Nistru The Dniester ( ) is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe. It runs first through Ukraine and then through Moldova (from which it more or less separates the breakaway territory of Transnistria), finally discharging into the Black Sea on Uk ...

. In there came two young parents and relatives, and he wept, understanding the tragedy they have committed. Some time passed parents and relatives living on the Nistru river, wanting to be closer to loved ones and the city have called Crio-Lean. Over several years the name was changed in Criuleni.

History

The first human settlements occurred in the administrative area today, still millennium III-II BC. In the fourteenth century, the region was ruled today by the

Golden Horde The Golden Horde, self-designated as ''Ulug Ulus'' ( in Turkic) was originally a Mongols, Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of ...

, but by the end of the century after heavy fighting, horde is forced to leave the territory ruled. In 1393

Prince of Moldavia This is a list of monarchs of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862, when it united with Wallachia, the other Danubian Principality, to form the modern-day state of ...

Roman I is named "Prince of Moldavia, from the

Carpathians The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains ...

to the sea (

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...

)" The villages in the district with the oldest documentary attestation are Bălășești, Jevreni, Mascauti and Riscova, historically documented localities for the first time 1435–1436. 16th-18th centuries, the region is developing as peripherals of Principality of Moldova, but all is an important custom on the

, the culture (to build the church), so there has been a significant increase in population. In 1812, after the Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812), is the occupation of Basarabia, Russian Empire during this period (1812–1917), there is an intense

russification Russification (), Russianisation or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians adopt Russian culture and Russian language either voluntarily or as a result of a deliberate state policy. Russification was at times ...

of the native population. In 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Bessarabia united with Romania in this period (1918–1940, 1941–1944), the district is part of the Chișinău County. In 1940 after Molotov–Ribbentrop Treaty, Basarabia is occupied by the

USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

. In 1991 as a result of the proclamation of

Independence of Moldova The independence of Moldova was officially recognized on 2 March 1992, when Moldova gained membership of the United Nations. The nation had declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 27 August 1991, and was a co-founder of the post-Sovie ...

, part and residence of the Chisinau County (1991–2003), and in 2003 became administrative unit of

Geography

Criuleni District is located in the central part of Moldova. Does the neighborhood: in the north Orhei District,

Dubăsari District The Dubăsari District () is a Administrative divisions of Moldova, district in the east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Cocieri. As of January 1, 2011, its population was 35,200. This does not include the 715 people that live in th ...

in the east, south

Anenii Noi District Anenii Noi District (, ) is a district (''Administrative divisions of Moldova, raion'') in the central part of Moldova. As of 1 January 2011, its population was 83,100. Its seat is the city of Anenii Noi. History Localities with the oldest docum ...

, in western Municipality of Chișinău, and Strășeni District. District is located within the eastern extremity of Central Moldavian Plateau, and northern part of Lower

Plains. The landscape is characterized by intercalation of deep valleys and wide. On steep slopes erosion occurs, and landslides. Horizontal dismantling of relief averaged 1.0-1.5 km / km². Vertical dismemberment of the territory makes up an average of 120–130 m. The northern part of Lower Nistru Plain is characterized by absolute altitudes of 100–200 m by the presence of a flat and low relief fragmented. In some places, meet some narrow valleys, not too deep, valleys, whose depth does not exceed 20–30 m. Erosion occurs weak.

Ravine A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion. Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than gullies, although smaller than valleys. Ravines may also be called a cleuch, dell, ...

s have a limited spread, but the flat slope erosion processes are developed. District has deposits minerals:

limestone Limestone is a type of carbonate rock, carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material Lime (material), lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different Polymorphism (materials science) ...

sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is usually defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural ...

gravel Gravel () is a loose aggregation of rock fragments. Gravel occurs naturally on Earth as a result of sedimentation, sedimentary and erosion, erosive geological processes; it is also produced in large quantities commercially as crushed stone. Gr ...

and

clay Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, ). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impuriti ...

. In the district are 10 mines acquisition of

blocks, and 7 operating sand quarries gravel and crushed

stone In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its Chemical compound, chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks ...

. In places where limestone rocks appear on the surface

karst Karst () is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble carbonate rocks such as limestone and Dolomite (rock), dolomite. It is characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. Ther ...

processes develop. Absolute altitude between 265 m swing territory, and 40 m in the meadow Raut

Climate

The district is included in the

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

Continental climate Continental climates often have a significant annual variation in temperature (warm to hot summers and cold winters). They tend to occur in central and eastern parts of the three northern-tier continents (North America, Europe, and Asia), typi ...

, characterized by winters with large variety of air temperature, with little snow, long, hot summers and not too large amounts of precipitation falling as rain, in general . Total solar

radiation In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. This includes: * ''electromagnetic radiation'' consisting of photons, such as radio waves, microwaves, infr ...

varies between 112-114 kcal/square cm per year. The average air temperature in the region is . The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is and the warmest months (July) is . Absolute maximum temperature is and the absolute minimum temperature is .

Fauna

Typical European fauna characterized by: fox,

hedgehog A hedgehog is a spiny mammal of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction. The ...

badger Badgers are medium-sized short-legged omnivores in the superfamily Musteloidea. Badgers are a polyphyletic rather than a natural taxonomic grouping, being united by their squat bodies and adaptions for fossorial activity rather than by the ...

deer A deer (: deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family). Cervidae is divided into subfamilies Cervinae (which includes, among others, muntjac, elk (wapiti), red deer, and fallow deer) ...

wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a Suidae, suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The speci ...

raccoon dog ''Nyctereutes'' (Greek: ''nyx, nykt-'' "night" + ''ereutēs'' "wanderer") is a genus of canid which includes only two extant species, both known as raccoon dogs: the common raccoon dog (''Nyctereutes procyonoides'') and the Japanese raccoon do ...

, less

red deer The red deer (''Cervus elaphus'') is one of the largest deer species. A male red deer is called a stag or Hart (deer), hart, and a female is called a doe or hind. The red deer inhabits most of Europe, the Caucasus Mountains region, Anatolia, Ir ...

wildcat The wildcat is a species complex comprising two small wild cat species: the European wildcat (''Felis silvestris'') and the African wildcat (''F. lybica''). The European wildcat inhabits forests in Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus, while th ...

and

wolf The wolf (''Canis lupus''; : wolves), also known as the grey wolf or gray wolf, is a Canis, canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of Canis lupus, subspecies of ''Canis lupus'' have been recognized, includin ...

. From birds:

stork Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes . Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons and ibise ...

swan Swans are birds of the genus ''Cygnus'' within the family Anatidae. The swans' closest relatives include the goose, geese and ducks. Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in the subfamily Anserinae where they form the tribe (biology) ...

hawk Hawks are birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. They are very widely distributed and are found on all continents, except Antarctica. The subfamily Accipitrinae includes goshawks, sparrowhawks, sharp-shinned hawks, and others. This ...

, starlings,

gulls Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the subfamily Larinae. They are most closely related to terns and Skimmer (bird), skimmers, distantly related to auks, and even more distantly related to waders. Until the 21st century, most gul ...

and others.

Flora

Forests occupy 12.0% of district area and are characterized by

oak An oak is a hardwood tree or shrub in the genus ''Quercus'' of the beech family. They have spirally arranged leaves, often with lobed edges, and a nut called an acorn, borne within a cup. The genus is widely distributed in the Northern Hemisp ...

, English oak,

maple ''Acer'' is a genus of trees and shrubs commonly known as maples. The genus is placed in the soapberry family Sapindaceae.Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 nd more or less continuously updated si ...

locust Locusts (derived from the Latin ''locusta'', locust or lobster) are various species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae that have a swarming phase. These insects are usually solitary, but under certain circumstances they b ...

, linden, and more.

Plant Plants are the eukaryotes that form the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly Photosynthesis, photosynthetic. This means that they obtain their energy from sunlight, using chloroplasts derived from endosymbiosis with c ...

fescue ''Festuca'' (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae). They are evergreen or herbaceous perennial tufted grasses with a height range of and a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every ...

mugwort Mugwort is a common name for several species of aromatic flowering plants in the genus '' Artemisia.'' In Europe, mugwort most often refers to the species '' Artemisia vulgaris'', or common mugwort. In East Asia the species '' Artemisia argyi'' ...

, burdock,

clover Clovers, also called trefoils, are plants of the genus ''Trifolium'' (), consisting of about 300 species of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae originating in Europe. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution with the highest diversit ...

nettle Nettle refers to plants with stinging hairs, particularly those of the genus '' Urtica''. It can also refer to plants which resemble ''Urtica'' species in appearance but do not have stinging hairs. Plants called "nettle" include: * ball nettle ...

and others.

Rivers

District is located in the

river basin, which crosses the district in the west, the main tributaries that cross the district are: Răut River (286 km) and Bîc River (155 km). There are 62 fountains, fountains mine 5060 and 23 springs.

Administrative subdivisions

*Localities: 43 **Administrative center: Criuleni ***Cities: Criuleni ****Villages: 18 ** Bălășești ** Bălțata de Sus ** Chetroasa ** Ciopleni ** Hîrtopul Mic ** Logănești ** Mărdăreuca ** Mălăiești ** Mălăieștii Noi ** Ohrincea ** Porumbeni ** Ratuș ** Sagaidac ** Sagaidacul de Sus ** Stețcani ** Valea Coloniței ** Valea Satului ** Zolonceni *****Communes: 24 ** Bălăbănești ** Bălțata ** Boșcana ** Cimișeni ** Corjova ** Coșernița ** Cruglic ** Dolinnoe ** Drăsliceni ** Dubăsarii Vechi ** Hîrtopul Mare ** Hrușova ** Ișnovăț ** Izbiște ** Jevreni ** Mașcăuți ** Măgdăcești ** Miclești **

Onițcani Onițcani is a village in Criuleni District, Moldova. Onițcani village is located in a picturesque location on the banks of the Dniester. The first mention in the annals found in 1604. The village is famous for its large number of springs. Some ...

Pașcani Pașcani () is a city in Iași County in the Western Moldavia region of Romania, on the Siret river. , it has a population of 30,766. Five villages are administered by the city: Blăgești, Boșteni, Gâstești, Lunca, and Sodomeni. The city der ...

** Răculești ** Rîșcova ** Slobozia-Dușca ** Zăicana

Demographics

1 January 2012 the district population was 73,300 of which 11.3% urban and 88.7%

rural In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry are typically desc ...

population *

Births Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring, also referred to in technical contexts as parturition. In mammals, the process is initiated by hormones which cause the muscular walls of the uterus to contract, expelling the f ...

(2010): 1033 (14.1 per 1000) *

Deaths Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism. Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. The remains of a former organism normally begin to decompose sho ...

(2010): 923 (12.6 per 1000) *Growth rate (2010): 110 (1.5 per 1000)

Ethnic groups

''Footnote'': * There is an ongoing controversy regarding the ethnic identification of Moldovans and Romanians.

Religion

Christians A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the world. The words '' Christ'' and ''C ...

- 98.6% ** Orthodox Christians - 98.0% **

Protestant Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes Justification (theology), justification of sinners Sola fide, through faith alone, the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by unmerited Grace in Christianity, divin ...

- 0.6% ***

Baptists Baptists are a Christian denomination, denomination within Protestant Christianity distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches ge ...

- 0.5% *** Seventh-day Adventists - 0.1% *Other - 1.0% *No Religion 0.4%

Economy

District budget for 2007 the income was stated in the amount of 97,930,900. lei and amounted to 101,291,300 executed lei which also represents 103.4% and annual expenses specified amount constitutes 107,768,700 lei was performed in a volume of 102,999,300 lei at a rate of 95.6%. Were not allowed to pay debts. District budget for 2008 was set at income and expenses amounted to 87.4 mln. lei, with no deficit.

Agriculture

43,490 ha (63.2%) agricultural land, including 36,510 ha (53.0%) of arable land,

orchards An orchard is an intentional plantation of trees or shrubs that is maintained for food production. Orchards comprise fruit- or nut-producing trees that are generally grown for commercial production. Orchards are also sometimes a feature of lar ...

2,511 ha (3.6%), 2,440 ha (3.5%)

vineyards A vineyard ( , ) is a plantation of grape-bearing vines. Many vineyards exist for winemaking; others for the production of raisins, table grapes, and non-alcoholic grape juice. The science, practice and study of vineyard production is kno ...

walnut A walnut is the edible seed of any tree of the genus '' Juglans'' (family Juglandaceae), particularly the Persian or English walnut, '' Juglans regia''. They are accessory fruit because the outer covering of the fruit is technically an i ...

groves of 458,0 ha (0.7%), 5,390 ha (7.8%)

grassland A grassland is an area where the vegetation is dominance (ecology), dominated by grasses (Poaceae). However, sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) can also be found along with variable proportions of legumes such as clover, and other Herbaceo ...

, 536,0 ha (0.8%) land for road transport, land destined fund 8,308 ha (12.0%) reserve.

Culture

Network of cultural institutions include: 27 houses of culture and cultural centers, 30 libraries, three museums, four art schools. Cultural potential of the district is expressed by the honorary title of artistic collectives Model.

Politics

Criuleni district, both political and electoral support of right-wing parties in Moldova represented by the AEI. PCRM is in a continuous fall in the last three elections. During the last three elections AEI had an increase of 58.3%

Elections

, - !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center colspan="2" valign=center, Parties and coalitions !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=Votes !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=% !style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=+/− , - , , align=left,

Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (, PCRM) is a communist party in Moldova led by Vladimir Voronin. It is the only communist party to have held a majority government in a post-Soviet state. It has been variously described as Com ...

, align="right", 12,333 , align="right", 33.37 , align="right", −0.86 , - , , align=left, Liberal Democratic Party of Moldova , align="right", 12,163 , align="right", 33.31 , align="right", +16.46 , - , , align=left,

Democratic Party of Moldova The European Social Democratic Party (, PSDE) is a centre-left, populist Social democracy, social democratic political party in Moldova. Established in 1997, the party holds pro-European views, and is an associate member of the Party of European ...

, align="right", 4,118 , align="right", 11,28 , align="right", -2.01 , - , , align=left,

Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. For example, while the political systems ...

, align="right", 4,032 , align="right", 11.04 , align="right", −9.07 , - , , align=left, Party Alliance Our Moldova , align="right", 1,058 , align="right", 2.90 , align="right", −8.28 , - , bgcolor=#0033cc, , align=left, European Action Movement , align="right", 1,002 , align="right", 2.74 , align="right", +2.74 , - , bgcolor="grey", , align=left, Other Party , align="right", 1,824 , align="right", 4.96 , align="right", +0.62 , - , align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9" colspan="2", Total (turnout 62.75%) , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 36,792 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9", 100.00 , width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9",

Education

The district operates two sports schools, a school of leisure, 2

boarding schools A boarding school is a school where pupils live within premises while being given formal instruction. The word "boarding" is used in the sense of "room and board", i.e. lodging and meals. They have existed for many centuries, and now extend acr ...

, 29

kindergartens Kindergarten is a preschool educational approach based on playing, singing, practical activities such as drawing, and social interaction as part of the transition from home to school. Such institutions were originally made in the late 18th cent ...

, with a contingent of 2098 children, 2

primary schools A primary school (in Ireland, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, South Africa, and Singapore), elementary school, or grade school (in North America and the Philippines) is a school for primary ...

, 13

secondary schools A secondary school, high school, or senior school, is an institution that provides secondary education. Some secondary schools provide both ''lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) and ''upper secondary education'' (ages 14 to 18), i.e., b ...

, 9 secondary schools of general education, 10 schools with a contingent of 10 305 students.

Health

In the territory there are 12 health centers, 17 Family doctor's offices, public health institution (District

Hospital A hospital is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized Medical Science, health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically ...

Criuleni)

References

District site
* Talk:Criuleni district
District population per year

Result of 2010 Parliamentary Election in Criuleni district
{{Authority control Districts of Moldova