Cristovam Ricardo Cavalcanti Buarque (; born February 20, 1944) is a Brazilian university professor and member of

Cidadania Cidadania () is a Brazilian political party. It was originally founded as the Popular Socialist Party (, PPS) by members of the former Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), as a centre-left social democratic and democratic socialist party. Despite ...

. He was a

senator A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or Legislative chamber, chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the Ancient Rome, ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior ...

for the

Federal District A federal district is a specific administrative division in one of various federations. These districts may be under the direct jurisdiction of a federation's national government, as in the case of federal territory (e.g., India, Malaysia), or the ...

from 2003 to 2019.

Biography

Buarque graduated in mechanical engineering from the

Federal University of Pernambuco Federal University of Pernambuco (, UFPE) is a public university in Recife, Brazil, established in 1946. UFPE has 70 undergraduate courses and 175 postgraduate courses. , UFPE had 35,000 students and 2,000 professors. The university has three c ...

in 1966. At that time he engaged in student politics becoming a militant of the ''Ação Popular'', a group of the Leftist Progressive Church. After the 1964 coup, he was persecuted and exiled to France, where he earned a PhD in economics from the Pantheon-Sorbonne University, Paris, in 1973. He worked at

Inter-American Development Bank The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB or IADB) is an international development finance institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States of America. It serves as one of the leading sources of development financing for the countri ...

(IDB) in

Ecuador Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It also includes the Galápagos Province which contain ...

Honduras Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, ...

, and the United States from 1973–79. He was the first elected rector, by direct vote, of the

University of Brasília A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Uni ...

in the wake of the military regime; governor of the

; Minister of Education; and current senator, who was elected by a landslide vote. He worked as a consultant for several national and international bodies under the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

(UN) and presided over the

University for Peace The University for Peace (UPEACE) is an international university and intergovernmental organization established as a treaty organisation by the United Nations General Assembly in 1980. The university offers postgraduate, doctoral, and executive ...

Council and participated in the Food Presidential Commission, which was formerly directed by late sociologist Herbert "Betinho" de Souza. Buarque is a member of

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...

Institute of Education The UCL Institute of Education (IOE) is the faculty of education and society of University College London (UCL). It specialises in postgraduate study and research in the field of education and is one of UCL's 11 constituent faculties. Prior t ...

and of the Council of the

United Nations University The is the think tank and academic arm of the United Nations. Headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan, with diplomatic status as a UN institution, its mission is to help resolve list of global issues, global issues related to Human development ...

. He initiated the

NGO A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control, though it may get a significant percentage of its funding from government or corporate sources. NGOs often focus ...

Mission Child, which sponsors an income transfer program for thousands of families and is funded by private enterprises. He was awarded the Jabuti prize of Literature in 1995. He is a staunch defender of the "revolution… through education", a line of thought touted by Brazilian intellectuals like

Anísio Teixeira Anísio Spínola Teixeira (July 12, 1900 – March 11, 1971) was a Brazilian educator, jurist, and writer. Teixeira was one of the reformers of Brazilian education of the early 20th century, being an advocate of progressive education in the coun ...

Darcy Ribeiro Darcy Ribeiro (October 26, 1922 – February 17, 1997) was a Brazilian anthropologist, historian, sociologist, author and politician. His ideas have influenced several scholars of Brazilian and Latin American studies. As Minister of Educati ...

, and

Paulo Freire Paulo Reglus Neves Freire (19 September 1921 – 2 May 1997) was a Brazilian educator and philosopher whose work revolutionized global thought on education. He is best known for ''Pedagogy of the Oppressed'', in which he reimagines teaching ...

. Buarque proposes an alternative class analysis of modern capitalist societies. According to him, in modern capitalism, the increasing substitution of human labor by automated machines tends to make employed workers a privileged caste, while a new layer of "excluded" people—those who have no jobs, insurance, or health care—is formed. Buarque proposes intervention through government or institutional action on their behalf.

Federal District Governor (1995–98)

His term as Governor of the Federal District was marked by strong tensions in the

Workers' Party Workers' Party is a name used by several political parties throughout the world. The name has been used by both organisations on the left and right of the political spectrum. It is currently used by followers of Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, Maoism ...

(PT), particularly in its unionist base. He managed to persuade the party to support his policies in return for demobilizing most of the PT activists. The project Bolsa Escola, implemented in the Federal District during his term, now operates in

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

and other countries. Despite gaining a 58% approval rating by the

Datafolha Datafolha is Grupo Folha's polling institute, founded in 1983 as the research department of Empresa Folha da Manhã S. A., and later on became a separate company able to serve external clients, from 1990. In 1995, it became a separate business uni ...

institute, Buarque was narrowly defeated by Joaquim Roriz ( PMDB) in the 1998 election. Buarque attributed his defeat to his opponent's promise to grant a large wage increase to the district's public servants—a promise which was not fulfilled.

Entering PDT

In 2005, after the allegations of corruption involving the Worker's Party (PT), he left the party.. After considering staying in the Senate as an independent, he decided to enter the Democratic Labour Party (PDT) in 1989, with which he had longstanding connections. His proposal to transform education into a national priority is a continuation of the ideas of

References

External links

* . * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Buarque, Cristovam 1944 births Living people Candidates for President of Brazil Governors of the Federal District (Brazil) Members of the Federal Senate (Brazil) Brazilian male writers Brazilian economists Brazilian mechanical engineers Brazilian educators People associated with Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Sustainability advocates Education ministers of Brazil Cidadania politicians Democratic Labour Party (Brazil) politicians Workers' Party (Brazil) politicians Cavalcanti family Club of Rome members Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil) Federal University of Pernambuco alumni

Biography

Federal District Governor (1995–98)

Entering PDT

See also

References

External links