Crew Dragon Endeavor

Crew Dragon ''Endeavour'' (serial number C206) is the first operational Crew Dragon reusable spacecraft manufactured and operated by SpaceX. The spacecraft is named after . It first launched on 30 May 2020 to the International Space Station (ISS) on the Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission. It has subsequently been used for the SpaceX Crew-2 mission that launched in April 2021, the private Axiom Mission 1 that launched in April 2022, the SpaceX Crew-6 mission that launched in March 2023, and the SpaceX Crew-8 mission from early March 2024 to late October 2024. , ''Endeavour'' holds the single-mission record for the most time in orbit by an American crewed spacecraft at 235 days.

First flight: Demo-2 mission

Change in mission

After the success of Crew Dragon Demo-1 using Crew Dragon C204, that spacecraft was originally planned to be used for the Crew Dragon In-Flight Abort Test. However, on 20 April 2019, Crew Dragon C204 was destroyed in an explosion during static fire testing at the Landing Zone 1 facility.
On the day of the anomaly, the initial testing of the Crew Dragon's Draco thrusters was successful, with the explosion occurring during the test of the SuperDraco abort system.

Crew Dragon C205, then slated to be used for the Demo-2 mission, was subsequently used for the in-flight abort test.
Crew Dragon C206 ''Endeavour'', then, was assigned to the Demo-2 mission, replacing Crew Dragon C205. According to SpaceX, ''Endeavour'' underwent electromagnetic interference testing and completed acoustic testing in February 2020. On 13 February 2020, the spacecraft was in SpaceX's processing facility at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida to undergo final processing and testing in preparation for the Demo-2 launch.
NASA's Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel (ASAP), on 23 April 2024, gave its approval for the late May launch saying it was feasible and safe.

''Endeavour'' was transported to the Kennedy Space Center, arriving at SpaceX's horizontal integration facility (HIF) at Launch Complex 39A on 15 May 2020.
The spacecraft was then mated to a Falcon 9 rocket and was rolled out onto the launch pad on 21 May 2020, with a static fire test completed the next day.

May 2020 launch

Astronauts Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley were selected by NASA as the Demo-2 mission crew on 3 August 2018.
Their mission validated crewed spaceflight operations using SpaceX hardware, including the Dragon spacecraft, the Falcon 9 rocket. SpaceX scrubbed Demo-2's first launch attempt because of weather conditions. The Demo-2 mission successfully launched on 30 May 2020. Hurley and Behnken's launch was the first to carry a crew to the International Space Station from the United States since STS-135 in July 2011.

In a video tour of the spacecraft, shortly after the launch, Behnken and Hurley revealed they named the capsule ''Endeavour'' after the . They both flew their first space missions on Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'', on missions STS-123 and STS-127, respectively.
Additionally, each crew member brought along a toy from their family, in this case an Apatosaurus dinosaur named "Tremor", a sequined plush dinosaur toy, and a Ty flippables plush toy, continuing the tradition for astronauts to bring a plush toy or trinket aboard their spacecraft to serve as a zero-gravity indicator when weightlessness kicks in during spaceflight.

Station operations

Spending 19 hours in orbit approaching the ISS, Hurley demonstrated the ability to pilot the spacecraft via its touchscreen controls; upon reaching a distance of from the ISS docking ports, he let the automated docking program take over. ''Endeavour'' docked with the ISS on 31 May 2020.
Hurley and Behnken joined the ISS Expedition 63 crew, which consisted of NASA astronaut Chris Cassidy and Russian cosmonauts Ivan Vagner and Anatoli Ivanishin.
Behnken and Hurley launched to the ISS for an indeterminate time frame, which depended on ''Endeavours solar array degradation, the status of Crew Dragon Resilience, and landing zone weather.

NASA originally planned Demo-2 as a short test flight lasting about two weeks, but later chose to extend the mission to address the shortfall of crew in the ISS. According to Ken Bowersox, acting administrator for NASA's human spaceflight program, the spacecraft was "doing very well" and NASA re-planned to bring the crew and ''Endeavour'' home in early August.

First splashdown in the Gulf

When ''Endeavour'' returned on 2 August 2020, it journeyed through a fast fiery descent of Earth's atmosphere and was slowed down by the capsule's drogue chute and suite of parachutes.
It splashed down in the Gulf of Mexico, near Pensacola, Florida, where a SpaceX recovery ship '' Go Navigator'' brought the crew and spacecraft back to shore. This mission was the first ocean-based recovery of an American crewed spacecraft since 1975, when the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project mission splashed down.
Also, this mission was the first crew recovery to occur in the Gulf of Mexico.

On the Demo-2 mission, ''Endeavour'' was in space for 63 days. The spacecraft was rated to spend 119 days in orbit, as its solar panels had less capability than a full production Crew Dragon capable of staying in space for up to 210 days.

During the mission, NASA gave SpaceX approval to reuse flight-proven Crew Dragon spacecraft.
Behnken and Hurley left a Demo-2 patch on the inside of ''Endeavour'' after their mission.
SpaceX Crew-2 mission commander, astronaut Shane Kimbrough, announced that the crew would keep the ''Endeavour'' name for the spacecraft. The seat Behnken used during his mission was later used by his wife, K. Megan McArthur on the Crew-2 flight.

Crew-8 in-space record

''Endeavour's'' most recent mission was SpaceX Crew-8.
It launched on 3 March 2024 (local time) and returned to Earth on 25 October 2024.

One of the crew members, mission specialist Jeanette Epps, became the second African-American woman to be part of a long-duration mission onboard the ISS.
The mission spent extra time in space due to an unexpected need to support Boeing Crew Flight Test mission astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore after problems with their spacecraft.

Flights

List includes only completed or currently manifested missions. Dates are listed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). For future events, they are listed as the earliest possible opportunities – which is also known as no-earlier-than (NET) dates – and may change.

References

External links

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{{SpaceX

SpaceX Dragon 2
Individual space vehicles
NASA spacecraft
Crewed spacecraft