flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the coffee family
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae () is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with Petiole ( ...
, with over 1,600 species. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small
understorey
In forestry and ecology, understory (American English), or understorey (Commonwealth English), also known as underbrush or undergrowth, includes plant life growing beneath the forest canopy without penetrating it to any great extent, but above ...
trees in tropical forests. Some species are endangered or facing extinction due to deforestation, especially species of central Africa and the Pacific.
Many species, including ''
Psychotria viridis
''Psychotria viridis'', also known as ''chacruna'', ''chacrona'', or ''chaqruy'' in the Quechua languages, is a perennial, shrubby flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is a close relative of ''Psychotria carthagenensis'' (a.k.a. ''s ...
'', produce the
psychedelic
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic halluci ...
chemical
dimethyltryptamine
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), also known as ''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (''N'',''N''-DMT), is a Psychedelic drug, serotonergic hallucinogen and Investigational New Drug, investigational drug of the substituted tryptamine, tryptamine family tha ...
(DMT).
Selected species
* ''
Psychotria abdita
''Psychotria abdita'' is a plant species in the family Rubiaceae and the genus ''Psychotria''. The species is endemic to Peru, and the species was identified by Paul Carpenter Standley
Paul Carpenter Standley (March 21, 1884 – June 2, 1963) ...
Psychotria adamsonii
''Psychotria adamsonii'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub or tree endemic to the island of Ua Pou in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia. It is thought to be extinct.
References
Endemic flora of the Marqu ...
Psychotria atricaulis
''Psychotria atricaulis'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to the island of Huahine in the Society Islands of French Polynesia.Psychotria beddomei''
* ''
Psychotria bimbiensis
''Psychotria bimbiensis'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Cameroon. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also termed hab ...
''
* ''
Psychotria bryonicola
''Psychotria bryonicola'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica
Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of t ...
Psychotria capensis
''Psychotria capensis'', the bird-berry, is a southern African evergreen shrub or small tree. It belongs to a genus which is used medicinally in many regions, 'Psychotria' being from the Greek for 'rejuvenating', in reference to the healing prope ...
Psychotria carthagenensis
''Psychotria carthagenensis'', also known as amyruca, is a South American rainforest understory shrub from the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It grows from the tropics of South America to Mexico.
The plant is used in the preparation of the ayahuas ...
''
* ''
Psychotria cathetoneura
''Psychotria cathetoneura'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic
Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined ...
''
* ''
Psychotria cernua
''Eumachia lepiniana'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub or tree endemic to the island of Tahiti in the Society Islands of French Polynesia
French Polynesia ( ; ; ) is an overseas collectivity of France ...
'
* ''
Psychotria chalconeura
''Psychotria chalconeura'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in Cameroon and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest
A forest is an ecosystem char ...
''
* ''
Psychotria chimboracensis
''Psychotria chimboracensis'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador
Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the ...
''
* ''
Psychotria clarendonensis
''Psychotria clarendonensis'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica
Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola— ...
''
* ''
Psychotria clusioides
''Psychotria clusioides'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica. It is threatened by habitat loss
Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no lon ...
''
* ''
Psychotria colorata
''Psychotria colorata'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It has been documented in an ethnobotanical context among the Ka'apor people of Maranhão, Brazil by Dr. William Balée, the Tulane University anthropologist
An anthropolo ...
''
* ''
Psychotria congesta
''Psychotria congesta'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Jamaica
Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the ...
''
* ''
Psychotria cookei
''Psychotria cookei'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub endemic to the island of Raiatea in the Society Islands of French Polynesia.Psychotria crassipetala''
* ''
Psychotria cuneifolia
''Psychotria cuneifolia'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador
Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east ...
Psychotria insularum
''Psychotria insularum'' is a rainforest understory shrub from the coffee family, Rubiaceae. Its native range is the South Pacific.
It has traditional uses in herbal medicine. In 2021, the potent anti-inflammatory rutin was isolated from ''P. i ...
Psychotria marginata
''Psychotria marginata'' is a tropical shrub in the gardenia family (Rubiaceae) and native to Central America
Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colomb ...
Psychotria nervosa
''Psychotria nervosa'', also known as Seminole balsamo or wild coffee, is a shade tolerant medium-sized shrub native to Florida as well as the West Indies and Central and South America. It produces a "small, red, ellipsoid fruit" that resembles ...
''
* ''
Psychotria ngotphamii
''Psychotria'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae, with over 1,600 species. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endan ...
Psychotria plurivenia
''Psychotria plurivenia'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, also known historically as Ceylon, is an island country in South Asi ...
Psychotria punctata
''Psychotria punctata'', the dotted wild coffee, is a species of plants in the family Rubiaceae.
Distribution
This species can be found from Southern Somalia to Mozambique and Comoros
The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is ...
Psychotria trichocalyx
''Psychotria trichocalyx'' is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Tahiti, one of the Society Islands
The Society Islands ( , officially ; ) are an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean that includes the major islands ...
Psychotria viridis
''Psychotria viridis'', also known as ''chacruna'', ''chacrona'', or ''chaqruy'' in the Quechua languages, is a perennial, shrubby flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is a close relative of ''Psychotria carthagenensis'' (a.k.a. ''s ...
Psychotria yaoundensis
''Psychotria'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae, with over 1,600 species. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endan ...
Psychotria asiatica
''Psychotria'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae, with over 1,600 species. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endan ...
''
File:九節木Psychotria rubra 20210609155251 25.jpg, Many nodes on the branches are the main feature of ''
Psychotria asiatica
''Psychotria'' is a large genus of flowering plants in the coffee family Rubiaceae, with over 1,600 species. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endan ...
Psychotria viridis
''Psychotria viridis'', also known as ''chacruna'', ''chacrona'', or ''chaqruy'' in the Quechua languages, is a perennial, shrubby flowering plant in the coffee family Rubiaceae. It is a close relative of ''Psychotria carthagenensis'' (a.k.a. ''s ...
Psychotria nervosa
''Psychotria nervosa'', also known as Seminole balsamo or wild coffee, is a shade tolerant medium-sized shrub native to Florida as well as the West Indies and Central and South America. It produces a "small, red, ellipsoid fruit" that resembles ...
''
File:Psychotria capensis-original.jpg, ''
Psychotria capensis
''Psychotria capensis'', the bird-berry, is a southern African evergreen shrub or small tree. It belongs to a genus which is used medicinally in many regions, 'Psychotria' being from the Greek for 'rejuvenating', in reference to the healing prope ...
''
See also
*
List of the largest genera of flowering plants
There are over 56 genus, genera of flowering plants estimated to contain at least 500 species description, described species. The largest of these is currently the Fabaceae, legume genus ''Astragalus (plant), Astragalus'' (milk-vetches), with ove ...