''Craugastor myllomyllon'' is an

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

species of

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-f ...

in the family

Craugastoridae Craugastoridae, commonly known as fleshbelly frogs, is a family of New World direct-developing frogs. As delineated here, following the Amphibian Species of the World, it contains 129 species. They are found from the southern United States south ...

. It was

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

Guatemala Guatemala ( ; ), officially the Republic of Guatemala ( es, República de Guatemala, links=no), is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico; to the northeast by Belize and the Caribbean; to the east by H ...

and only known from its type locality, Finca Volcan, in the

Sierra de Xucaneb Sierra (Spanish for "mountain range" and "saw", from Latin '' serra'') may refer to the following: Places Mountains and mountain ranges * Sierra de Juárez, a mountain range in Baja California, Mexico * Sierra de las Nieves, a mountain range i ...

Alta Verapaz Department Alta Verapaz () is a department in the north central part of Guatemala. The capital and chief city of the department is Cobán. Verapaz is bordered to the north by El Petén, to the east by Izabal, to the south by Zacapa, El Progreso, and Ba ...

. Only a single specimen is known.

Etymology

The

specific name Specific name may refer to: * in Database management systems, a system-assigned name that is unique within a particular database In taxonomy, either of these two meanings, each with its own set of rules: * Specific name (botany), the two-part (bino ...

''myllomyllon'' honors Jonathan A. Campbell, an American herpetologist. It relates to the Scottish surname

Campbell Campbell may refer to: People Surname * Campbell (surname), includes a list of people with surname Campbell Given name * Campbell Brown (footballer), an Australian rules footballer * Campbell Brown (journalist) (born 1968), American television ne ...

(meaning "wry lip") through the Greek words ''myllos'' ("bent") and ''myllon'' ("lip").

Jay M. Savage Jay Mathers Savage (born August 1928 in Santa Monica, California) is an American herpetologist known for his research on reptiles and amphibians of Central America. He is a past president of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists ...

further notes that "those that know Jonathan well may see a connection between the name and his oral renditions of his Guatemalan adventures".

Description

The

holotype A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several ...

is an immature female measuring in snout–vent length. The snout is rounded in dorsal outline and obtuse (sloping) in lateral view. The tympanum is indistinct. The dorsum is covered with widely spaced moderate-sized tubercles. The fingers have slightly expanded discs and lateral keels; the toe discs that are slightly larger than those on the fingers. The toes have well-developed lateral fringes and moderate webbing. The preserved specimen is dorsally brown, with tips of tubercles and suprascapular and presacral ridges cream-colored. There is an indistinct interorbital bar that is demarcated posteriorly by a narrow dark brown bar. The limbs have weak, dark crossbars. The chin, throat, and venter are pale cream and have scattered melanophores.

Habitat and conservation

The holotype was presumably collected from premontane wet forest at

above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...

; there is some uncertainty about its exact origins. Specific threats to this species are unknown, but

habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

caused by agricultural encroachment is a general threat.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Craugastor Myllomyllon myllomyllon Amphibians of Guatemala Endemic fauna of Guatemala Amphibians described in 2000 Taxa named by Jay M. Savage Taxonomy articles created by Polbot