The typical spinetails, ''Cranioleuca'', are a genus of

Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeogra ...

birds in the ovenbird family Furnariidae. This is a homogeneous group of small birds that live in forested habitats. The spinetails in this genus differ from those placed in ''

Synallaxis ''Synallaxis'' is a genus of birds in the Ovenbird (family), ovenbird family, Furnariidae. It is one of the most diverse genera in the family and is composed of small birds that inhabit dense undergrowth across tropical and subtropical habitats ...

'' in having shorter tails and being more arboreal. They are less vocal and more frequently join mixed flocks.

Taxonomy and species list

The genus ''Cranioleuca'' was introduced in 1853 by the German naturalist

Ludwig Reichenbach Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (8 January 1793 – 17 March 1879) was a German botanist, ornithologist and illustrator. It was he who first requested Leopold and Rudolf Blaschka, Leopold Blaschka to make a set of glass marine invertebrate m ...

with the light-crowned spinetail as the

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

. The name combines the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

''kranion'' meaning "skull" with ''leukos'' meaning "white". The genus contains 20 species: * Russet-mantled softtail, ''Cranioleuca berlepschi'' (

Hellmayr Carl Eduard Hellmayr (29 January 1878 – 24 February 1944) was an Austrian ornithologist. Biography Hellmayr was born in Vienna and studied at the University of Vienna, although he did not complete his degree. After his studies he worked in Vie ...

, 1905) (formerly in ''

Thripophaga ''Thripophaga'' is a genus of birds that popularly are known as softtails. They are members of the ovenbird family, Furnariidae. They are found in wooded and shrubby habitats, sometimes near water, in South America. Taxonomy and systematics So ...

'') *

Vilcabamba spinetail The Vilcabamba spinetail (''Cranioleuca weskei'') is a species of passerine bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Peru. Taxonomy and systematics The Vicabamba spinetail's taxonomy is unsettle ...

, ''Cranioleuca weskei'' Remsen, 1984 * Marcapata spinetail, ''Cranioleuca marcapatae'' Zimmer, JT, 1935 * Light-crowned spinetail, ''Cranioleuca albiceps'' (

d'Orbigny Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthropol ...

& Lafresnaye, 1837) *

Rusty-backed spinetail The rusty-backed spinetail (''Cranioleuca vulpina'') is a Neotropical species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, and possibly Guyana.Rem ...

, ''Cranioleuca vulpina'' ( Pelzeln, 1856) *

Coiba spinetail The Coiba spinetail (''Cranioleuca dissita'') is a member of the family Furnariidae (ovenbirds) that is endemic to Coiba and Ranchería Islands, Panama. Taxonomy and systematics The Coiba spinetail was originally described as a subspecies of ...

, ''Cranioleuca dissita'' Wetmore, 1957 *

Parker's spinetail Parker's spinetail (''Cranioleuca vulpecula'') is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt ...

or white-breasted spinetail, ''Cranioleuca vulpecula'' ( Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1866) * Crested spinetail, ''Cranioleuca subcristata'' ( Sclater, PL, 1874) *

Stripe-crowned spinetail The stripe-crowned spinetail (''Cranioleuca pyrrhophia'') is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family (biology), family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.Remsen, J. V., Jr ...

, ''Cranioleuca pyrrhophia'' (

Vieillot Louis Pierre Vieillot (10 May 1748, Yvetot – 24 August 1830, Sotteville-lès-Rouen) was a French ornithologist. Vieillot is the author of the first scientific descriptions and Linnaean names of a number of birds, including species he collecte ...

, 1818) *

Bolivian spinetail The Bolivian spinetail (''Cranioleuca henricae'') is a Vulnerable species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Bolivia. Taxonomy and systematics The Bolivian spinetail was discovered in 1993 ...

, ''Cranioleuca henricae'' Maijer & Fjeldså, 1997 * Olive spinetail, ''Cranioleuca obsoleta'' ( Reichenbach, 1853) *

Pallid spinetail The pallid spinetail (''Cranioleuca pallida'') is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Brazil. Taxonomy and systematics The pallid spinetail is monotypic. It and the stripe-crown ...

, ''Cranioleuca pallida'' ( Wied-Neuwied, M, 1831) * Grey-headed spinetail, ''Cranioleuca semicinerea'' ( Reichenbach, 1853) * Creamy-crested spinetail, ''Cranioleuca albicapilla'' (

Cabanis Cabanis is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernard Cabanis (born 1950), French ice hockey player * George Cabanis (1815–1892), American politician * James Cabanis (1838–1920), American politician, son of George Cabanis *Jea ...

, 1873) * Red-faced spinetail, ''Cranioleuca erythrops'' ( Sclater, PL, 1860) * Tepui spinetail, ''Cranioleuca demissa'' ( Salvin & Godman, 1884) * Streak-capped spinetail, ''Cranioleuca hellmayri'' (

Bangs Bang, bang!, or bangs may refer to: Products * M1922 Bang rifle, a US semi-automatic rifle designed by Søren Hansen Bang * Bang, a List of model car brands, model car brand * Bang (beverage), an energy drink Geography * Bang, Central African ...

, 1907) * Ash-browed spinetail, ''Cranioleuca curtata'' ( Sclater, PL, 1870) * Line-cheeked spinetail, ''Cranioleuca antisiensis'' ( Sclater, PL, 1859) * Scaled spinetail, ''Cranioleuca muelleri'' (

, 1911)

References

Bird genera Taxa named by Ludwig Reichenbach Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Furnariidae-stub