''Crambe'' is a
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
annual and
perennial
In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...
flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the
family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Brassicaceae,
native
Native may refer to:
People
* '' Jus sanguinis'', nationality by blood
* '' Jus soli'', nationality by location of birth
* Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory
** Nat ...
to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense
raceme
A raceme () or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate growth, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are ...
s of tiny white or yellow flowers on (mostly leafless) stems above the basal leaves. ''Crambe hispanica'' subsp. ''abyssinica'', formerly known as ''
Crambe abyssinica'', is grown for the oil from the seeds that has characteristics similar to
whale oil
Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales. Oil from the bowhead whale was sometimes known as train-oil, which comes from the Dutch word ''traan'' ("tear drop").
Sperm oil, a special kind of oil used in the cavities of sperm whales, ...
.
The word "crambe" derives, via the Latin ''crambe'', from the Greek ''κράμβη'', a kind of cabbage.
''Crambe'' species are used as food plants by the
larva
A larva (; : larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage. Animals with indirect development such as insects, some arachnids, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase ...
e of the weevil ''
Lixus canescens'' (
Coleoptera
Beetles are insects that form the Taxonomic rank, order Coleoptera (), in the superorder Holometabola. Their front pair of wings are hardened into wing-cases, elytra, distinguishing them from most other insects. The Coleoptera, with about 40 ...
)
[''Skuhrovec, J. & Volovnik, S.'' (2015) Biology and morphology of immature stages of ''Lixus canescens'' (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae). Zootaxa, 4033(3): 350-362.] and some
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organ ...
species including the
lime-speck pug
The lime-speck pug (''Eupithecia centaureata'') is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is a common species throughout the Palearctic region (where it is found in Europe, Central Asia, Mongolia, southern Siberia, eastern China (Guangdong) and Ta ...
.
Species
Currently accepted species include:
*''
Crambe alutacea''
Hand.-Mazz.
*''
Crambe arborea
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
Webb ex Christ
*''
Crambe armena''
N.Busch
*''
Crambe cordifolia''
Steven
*''
Crambe edentula''
Fisch. & C.A.Mey. ex Korsh.
*''
Crambe feuilleei
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
A.Santos ex Prina & Mart.-Laborde
*''
Crambe filiformis
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
Jacq.
*''
Crambe fruticosa
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
L.f.
*''
Crambe gigantea
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
(Ceballos & Ortuño) Bramwell
*''
Crambe gomeraea
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
Webb ex Christ
*''
Crambe gordjagini
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
Sprygin & Popov
*''
Crambe grandiflora
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
DC.
*''
Crambe grossheimii
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
I.I.Khalilov
*''
Crambe hedgei
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
I.I.Khalilov
*''
Crambe hispanica
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual and perennial flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. They carry dense racemes of tiny white or yellow flower ...
''
L.
*''
Crambe juncea''
M.Bieb.
*''
Crambe kilimandscharica''
O.E.Schulz
*''
Crambe koktebelica''
(Junge) N.Busch
*''
Crambe kralikii''
Coss.
*''
Crambe laevigata''
DC. ex Christ
*''
Crambe maritima''
L.
*''
Crambe microcarpa''
A.Santos
*''
Crambe orientalis''
L.
*''
Crambe pinnatifida''
W.T.Aiton
*''
Crambe pritzelii''
Bolle
*''
Crambe scaberrima''
Webb ex Bramwell
*''
Crambe schugnana''
Korsh.
*''
Crambe scoparia''
Svent.
*''
Crambe sinuatodentata''
Hochst. & G.W.Schimp.
*''
Crambe steveniana''
Rupr.
*''
Crambe strigosa''
L'Hér.
*''
Crambe sventenii''
Pett. ex Bramwell & Sunding
*''
Crambe tamadabensis''
Prina & Marrero Rodr.
*''
Crambe tataria''
Sebeók
*''
Crambe × tchalenkoae
''Crambe'' is a genus of annual plant, annual and perennial plant, perennial flowering plants in the family (biology), family Brassicaceae, native plant, native to a variety of habitats in Europe, Turkey, southwest and central Asia and eastern A ...
''
Popovich & Zernov
*''
Crambe wildpretii''
Prina & Bramwell
References
External links
Brassicaceae
Brassicaceae genera
{{Brassicales-stub