Pijao (''Piajao'', Pinao) is an
unclassified
Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected. Access is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of people with the necessary security clearance and need to know, ...
indigenous American language
Over a thousand indigenous languages are spoken by the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. These languages cannot all be demonstrated to be related to each other and are classified into a hundred or so language families (including a large numbe ...
that was spoken in the villages of
Ortega,
Coyaima
Coyaima is a town and municipality in the Tolima Department, Tolima department of Colombia. The population of the municipality was 27,733 as of the 2005 census.
Municipalities of Tolima Department
{{Tolima-geo-stub ...
(Koyai, Tupe) and
Natagaima in the
Magdalena River Valley of Colombia until the 1950s.
Subdivisions
Pijao subtribes reported by
Rivet
A rivet is a permanent mechanical fastener. Before being installed, a rivet consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end. The end opposite to the head is called the ''tail''. On installation, the rivet is placed in a punched ...
(1943, 1944) and cited in
Mason
Mason may refer to:
Occupations
* Mason, brick mason, or bricklayer, a craftsman who lays bricks to construct brickwork, or who lays any combination of stones, bricks, cinder blocks, or similar pieces
* Stone mason, a craftsman in the stone-cut ...
(1950):
:''Aype, Paloma, Ambeina, Amoya, Tumbo, Coyaima, Poina (Yaporoge), Mayto (Maito, Marto), Mola, Atayma (Otaima), Tuamo, Bulira, Ocaima, Behuni (Beuni, Biuni), Ombecho, Anaitoma, Totumo, Natagaima, Pana (Pamao), Guarro, Hamay, Zeraco, Lucira,'' and ''Tonuro''.
Classification
A small vocabulary list was collected in 1943; only 30 Pijao words and expressions are known.
The few words which resemble
Carib are thought to be loans; toponyms in Pijao country are also Carib. Marshall & Seijas (1973) did not detect significative connections between Pijao and other unclassified languages of the area:
Colima,
Muzo
Muzo () is a town and municipality in the Western Boyacá Province, part of the department of Boyacá, Colombia. It is widely known as the world capital of emeralds for the mines containing the world's highest quality gems of this type. Muzo is ...
,
Pantágora, and
Panche
The following purported languages of South America are listed as unclassified in Campbell (2012), Loukotka (1968), ''Ethnologue'', and ''Glottolog''. Nearly all are extinct. It is likely that many of them were not actually distinct languages, only ...
, but these are even more poorly attested than Pijao.
Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities with the
Witoto-Okaina languages
Witotoan (also Huitotoan or Uitotoan, occasionally known as Huitoto–Ocaina to distinguish it from Bora–Witoto) is a small language family of southwestern Colombia (Amazonas Department) and the neighbouring region of Peru.
Genetic relations
...
.
Vocabulary
: ''amé'' tree
: ''homéro'' bow
: ''sumén'' to drink
: ''čaguála'' canoe
: ''kahírre'' dog
: ''alamán'' crocodile
: ''tínki'' tooth
: ''tána'' water
: ''nasés'' house
: ''hoté'' star
: ''nuhúgi'' woman
: ''oréma'' man
: ''yaguáde'' jaguar
: ''núna'' moon
: ''ñáma'' hand
: ''golúpa'' cassava
: ''lún'' eye
: ''oléma'' ear
: ''pegil'' foot
: ''tápe'' stone
: ''orái'' red
: ''toléma'' snake
: ''huíl'' sun
: ''tenú'' tobacco
Notes
References
* Marshall Durbin & Haydée Seijas (1973): "A Note on Panche, Pijao, Pantagora (Palenque), Colima and Muzo", ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', Vol. 39, No. 1 (Jan., 1973), pp. 47–51.
Indigenous languages of the South American Northwest
Languages of Colombia
Unclassified languages of South America
Indigenous languages of South America
{{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub