Cotton bollworms are a significant pest of cotton.
"A major pest in hot countries of irrigated crops. Enters into a summer
diapause
In animal dormancy, diapause is the delay in development in response to regular and recurring periods of adverse environmental conditions.Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Masaki, S. (1986) ''Seasonal Adaptations of Insects''. Oxford University Press It ...
when irrigated crops are not present and the soil and air temperatures are high. When the end of the dry season comes, the rain cools the soil and
pupae
A pupa (; : pupae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages. Insects that go through a pupal stage are holometabolous: they go through four distinct stages in their life cycle, the stages th ...
come out of diapause." (Nibouche 2004)
* ''
Diparopsis castanea'', red bollworm: central-southern Africa
* ''
Earias insulana'', spiny bollworm: Africa
* ''
Helicoverpa zea
''Helicoverpa zea, ''commonly known as the corn earworm, is a species (formerly in the genus ''Heliothis'') in the family Noctuidae. The larva of the moth ''Helicoverpa zea'' is a major agricultural pest (organism), pest. Since it is polyphagous ...
'', the American bollworm or tomato grub
* ''
Helicoverpa armigera
''Helicoverpa armigera'' is a species of Lepidoptera in the family Noctuidae. It is known as the cotton bollworm, corn earworm, Old World (African) bollworm, or scarce bordered straw (the lattermost in the UK, where it is a migrant). The larvae ...
'', the Old World bollworm
* ''
Pectinophora gossypiella'', pink bollworm: Africa
* ''
Pectinophora scutigera'', pink-spotted bollworm: Australia
See also
*
Bollworm
Bollworm is the common term for a moth larva that attacks the fruiting bodies of certain crops, especially cotton.
The most common moths known as bollworms are:
* Red or Sudan bollworm, '' Diparopsis castanea''
* Rough bollworm, '' Earias perhuege ...
References
{{Reflist
Former disambiguation pages converted to set index articles
Agricultural pest insects