Bale of cotton at LA State Cotton Museum IMG 7387

A cotton bale is a standard-sized and weighted pack of compressed

cotton Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...

lint after ginning. The dimensions and weight may vary with different cotton-producing countries.

Significance

A bale has an essential role from the

farm A farm (also called an agricultural holding) is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production. The name is used fo ...

to the

factory A factory, manufacturing plant or production plant is an industrial facility, often a complex consisting of several buildings filled with machinery, where workers manufacture items or operate machines which process each item into another. Th ...

. The cotton yield is calculated in terms of the number of bales. Bale is a standard packaging method for cotton to avoid various hassles in handling, packing, and transportation. The bales also protect the lint from foreign contamination and make them readily identifiable.

Cotton bale management system

Bale management encompasses the systematic procedures of categorizing, blending, and assessing bales based on fiber attributes, with the aim of achieving desired quality yarn production at an optimized cost. Cotton fibres differ in terms of staple length and other physical characteristics; this is an inherent feature. Bale management, also known as "bale mixing," is the process of analysing, classifying, and then blending fibres from various bales hich also includes the bales received from other stationsaccording to their fibre properties in order to create yarn of a specific quality at the most affordable price.

Standards

Bale

A "bale of cotton" is also the standard trading unit for cotton on the wholesale national and international markets. Although different cotton-growing countries have their bale standards, for example, In the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

, cotton is usually measured at approximately and weighs . In

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

, the standard bale size is 170 kg.

Parameters

The most important

parameter A parameter (), generally, is any characteristic that can help in defining or classifying a particular system (meaning an event, project, object, situation, etc.). That is, a parameter is an element of a system that is useful, or critical, when ...

s of a cotton bale are: * Density (448 kg/m³) * Measurements of the bales (nominally 1.40 m X 0.53 m X 0.69 m) * Weight (Varies, but ‘statistical’ bale weighs 480 lb) Advances in

standardization Standardization (American English) or standardisation (British English) is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organiza ...

are reducing the variation in weights, sizes, dimensions, and densities of cotton bales.

Candy

Candy is another trading unit. A candy weighs approximately 2.09 bales (356 kg). In India, ginned cotton is traded in terms of candy also which weighs 356 kg (355.62 kg).

Trash

When cotton is harvested and exposed to ginning, it carries more than 64% cottonseed, 2% waste and 34% fibrous matter (also known as lint). Lower trash percentage in cotton increases the recovery. Cotton bales are not pure cotton; they contain foreign contaminants, residual trash and leaf (and other non lint material) that have a direct impact on the recovery in yarn spinning.

Gallery

Cotton cultivation

File:Cottonfieldindia.jpg, Cotton Field at Singalandapuram, Rasipuram, India (2017) File:Cotton field, Ware County, GA, US.jpg, Cotton field File:Cotton plant, Ware County, GA, US.jpg, Cotton plant

Harvesting

File:BALLS OF COTTON (ANDHRA -SOUTH INDIA) READY FOR HARVEST.jpg, link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BALLS_OF_COTTON_(ANDHRA_-SOUTH_INDIA)_READY_FOR_HARVEST.jpg, Cotton ready for harvest in Andhra, south

File:Cotton field, late in season.jpg, A cotton field, late in the season File:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-029895, Togo, Pflügen eines Baumwollfeldes.jpg, Cotton plowing in

Togo Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Ghana to Ghana–Togo border, the west, Benin to Benin–Togo border, the east and Burkina Faso to Burkina Faso–Togo border, the north. It is one of the le ...

, 1928 File:Armenian cotton.jpg, Picking cotton in

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

in the 1930s. No cotton is grown there today. File:Cotton Picking in Egypt.tif, A group of Egyptian fellahs picking cotton by hand File:Hand picking cotton (Buka district, Tashkent region, Uzbekistan)-06.jpg, Hand picking cotton ( Tashkent, Uzbekistan) File:Module Builder.jpg, A module builder File:2014.01-413-0023ap upland cotton,module ...(Clinch Cnty,Georgia),US wed01jan2014-1557h.jpg, Cotton modules in a harvested cotton field (Clinch County, Georgia, USA, January 2014). File:Module Express.JPG, Case IH Module Express 625 picks cotton and simultaneously builds cotton modules File:Cotton modules.JPG, Cotton modules in Australia (2007)

Ginning and bale making

Image:Cotton gin EWM 2007.jpg, A model of a 19th-century cotton gin on display at the Eli Whitney Museum in Hamden, Connecticut Image:ginplant.jpg, Diagram of a modern cotton gin plant, displaying numerous stages of production File:Cotton jins in use.jpg, Modern ginning machines in working File:Cotton bales at the port in Bombay in the 1860s.JPG, Cotton bales at the port in

Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financial capital and the list of cities i ...

, 1860's. File:Cotton Ready for Shipment, Houston, Texas.jpg, Cotton ready for shipment,

Houston, Texas Houston ( ) is the List of cities in Texas by population, most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and in the Southern United States. Located in Southeast Texas near Galveston Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, it is the county seat, seat of ...

(postcard, 1911)

References

{{Reflist Cotton Cotton gin Cotton production