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Cost-effective minimum water network is a holistic framework for
water conservation Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand (thus avoiding water scarcity). Populati ...
which considers all conceivable methods to save water based on the
water management hierarchy Water Management Hierarchy (WMH)Manan, Z. A., Wan Alwi, S. R. and Ujang Z. (2006). Systematic Design of a Maximum Water Recovery Network for an Urban System Based on Pinch Analysis. IEM Journal. 1 (67): 57-64. is a hierarchy of water conservation pr ...
. This framework, which is applicable for industrial as well as urban systems was first developed by Wan Alwi and Manan.Wan Alwi, S. R. and Manan, Z. A. (2007). A new holistic framework for cost effective minimum water network in industrial and urban sector. Journal of Environmental Management. 46, 5968–76. The framework is applicable for grassroots design and retrofit of water systems and ensures that a desired payback period for design of a water recovery system is satisfied using the
systematic hierarchical approach for resilient process screening (SHARPS) Systematic may refer to: Science * Short for systematic error * Systematic fault * Systematic bias, errors that are not determined by chance but are introduced by an inaccuracy (involving either the observation or measurement process) inherent ...
technique.


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See also

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Water cascade analysis Water cascade analysis (WCA) is a technique to calculate the minimum flowrate target for feedwater and wastewater for continuous water-using processes. Principle It is a tabular and numerical alternative to the water surplus diagram in Water Pinch ...
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Water pinch Water pinch analysis (WPA) originates from the concept of heat pinch analysis. WPA is a systematic technique for reducing water consumption and wastewater generation through integration of water-using activities or processes. WPA was first introd ...
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Water conservation Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand (thus avoiding water scarcity). Populati ...
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Water reuse Water reclamation (also called wastewater reuse, water reuse or water recycling) is the process of converting municipal wastewater (sewage) or industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes. Types of reuse include: ...
Water conservation