In British heraldry, a coronet is a type of crown that is a mark of rank of non-reigning members of the royal family and peers. In other languages, this distinction is not made, and usually the same word for ''crown'' is used irrespective of rank (, , , , , etc.) In this use, the English ''coronet'' is a purely technical term for all heraldic images of crowns not used by a sovereign. A Coronet is another type of crown, but is reserved for the nobility - Dukes, Marquesses, Earls, Viscounts and Barons. The specific design and attributes of the crown or coronet signifies the hierarchy and ranking of its owner. Certain physical coronets are worn by the British peerage on rare ceremonial occasions, such as the coronation of the monarch. These are also sometimes depicted in heraldry, and called coronets of rank in heraldic usage. Their shape varies depending on the wearer's rank in the peerage, according to models laid down in the 16th century. Similar depictions of crowns of rank () are used in continental heraldry, but physical headgear has never been made to imitate them. Due to the extreme rarity of occasions in which peers' coronets are worn (sometimes more than fifty years pass before a new coronation and occasion to wear physical coronets), practical use of the term ''coronet'' today is almost exclusively confined to pictorial crowns and rank symbols in

heraldry Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, Imperial, royal and noble ranks, rank and genealo ...

, adorning someone's

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon f ...

(indeed, many people entitled to a coronet never have a physical one made). Depiction of ordinary crowns or coronets in heraldry, rather than coronets of rank, including a variety of crest coronets sometimes placed under the crest, are not confined to peers, and are often shown in British heraldry outside the peerage.

Etymology

The word stems from the

Old French Old French (, , ; ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th nobles and by prince">Nobility">nobles and by princes and princess">prince.html" ;"title="Nobility">nobles and by prince">Nobility">nobles and by princes and princesses in their Coat of arms">coats of arms A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments), originating in Europe. The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic ac ...

, rather than by monarchs, for whom the word 'crown' is customarily reserved in English language, English, while many languages have no such terminological distinction. As a coronet shows the rank of the respective noble, in the German and

Scandinavia Scandinavia is a subregion#Europe, subregion of northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties between its constituent peoples. ''Scandinavia'' most commonly refers to Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. It can sometimes also ...

n languages there is also the term ''rangkrone'' (literally 'rank crown').

Usage in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth

Royal usage

Members of the

British royal family The British royal family comprises Charles III and other members of his family. There is no strict legal or formal definition of who is or is not a member, although the Royal Household has issued different lists outlining who is considere ...

often display coronets in their coats of arms and may wear actual coronets at coronations (e.g., Princesses Elizabeth and

Margaret Margaret is a feminine given name, which means "pearl". It is of Latin origin, via Ancient Greek and ultimately from Iranian languages, Old Iranian. It has been an English language, English name since the 11th century, and remained popular thro ...

at the 1937 coronation of their father as

George VI George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until Death and state funeral of George VI, his death in 1952 ...

). Such coronets were made according to regulations instituted by King Charles II in 1661, shortly after his return from exile in France (getting a taste for its lavish court style;

Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...

started monumental work at

Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; ) is a former royal residence commissioned by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, Yvelines, Versailles, about west of Paris, in the Yvelines, Yvelines Department of Île-de-France, Île-de-France region in Franc ...

that year). They vary depending on the individual's relationship to the monarch. Occasionally, additional royal warrants vary the designs for individuals. The most recent (and most comprehensive) royal warrant concerning coronets was the 19 November 1917 warrant of

George V George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until Death and state funeral of George V, his death in 1936. George w ...

.1917 royal warrant
/ref> The coronet of the British

heir apparent An heir apparent is a person who is first in the order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more e ...

is distinctive in itself, as it has a single arch with a globe and cross.

Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

opted against the use of coronets at his coronation in 2023, for both members of the royal family and peers, but he did not abolish the tradition.

Usage by peers

In the

United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...

, a peer traditionally wears a coronet on one occasion only – for a royal coronation, when it is worn along with coronation robes, equally standardised as a luxurious uniform. However, for the 2023 coronation of

King Charles III Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms. Charles was born at Buckingham Palace during the reign of his maternal grandfather, King George VI, and ...

, on the government's advice, the King forbade the wearing of coronets by those peers who had been invited, except those performing specific ceremonial roles. In the peerages of the United Kingdom, the design of a coronet shows the rank of its owner, as in German, French and various other heraldic traditions. Dukes were the first individuals authorised to wear coronets. Marquesses acquired coronets in the 15th century, earls in the 16th, then viscounts and barons in the 17th. Until the barons received coronets in 1661, the coronets of earls, marquesses and dukes were

engraved Engraving is the practice of incising a design on a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it with a burin. The result may be a decorated object in itself, as when silver, gold, steel, or glass are engraved, or may provide an inta ...

, while those of viscounts were plain. After 1661, however, viscomital coronets became engraved, while baronial coronets were plain. Coronets may not bear any precious or semi-precious stones. Since people entitled to wear a coronet customarily display it in their

above the shield and below the helmet and crest, this can provide a useful clue as to the owner of a given coat of arms.

Table of coronet rankings

Municipal usage

Certain types of local government have special coronet types assigned to them.

Other uses

In Canadian heraldry, descendants of the

United Empire Loyalist United Empire Loyalist (UEL; or simply Loyalist) is an honorific title which was first given by the 1st Lord Dorchester, the governor of Quebec and governor general of the Canadas, to American Loyalists who resettled in British North Ameri ...

s are entitled to use a Loyalist military coronet (for descendants of members of Loyalist regiments) or a Loyalist civil coronet (for others) in their coats of arms. File:Crown of a British King of Arms.svg, English King of Arms Image:Military Coronet of a Loyalist.svg, Loyalist military coronet (Canadian) Image:Civil Coronet of a Loyalist.svg, Loyalist civil coronet (Canadian)

Belgian coronet rankings

These are the heraldic crowns and coronets as they are in use today in the

Kingdom of Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southe ...

. In the past, the systems of the German (

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium ...

), Spanish and Austrian monarchies, as well as those of the

First French Empire The First French Empire or French Empire (; ), also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted from ...

and the

United Kingdom of the Netherlands The United Kingdom of the Netherlands is the unofficial name given to the Kingdom of the Netherlands as it existed from 1815 to 1839. The United Netherlands was created in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars through the fusion of territories t ...

, have also be in use on the current Belgian territory. File:Royal Crown of Belgium (Heraldic).svg,

King King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an Absolute monarchy, absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted Government, governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a Constitutional monarchy, ...

File:Princely Crown of Belgium (Heraldic).svg,

Crown prince A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title, crown princess, is held by a woman who is heir apparent or is married to the heir apparent. ''Crown prince ...

File:Rangkronen-Fig. 10.svg,

Prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

File:Rangkronen-Fig. 04.svg,

Duke Duke is a male title either of a monarch ruling over a duchy, or of a member of Royal family, royalty, or nobility. As rulers, dukes are ranked below emperors, kings, grand princes, grand dukes, and above sovereign princes. As royalty or nobi ...

File:Rangkronen-Fig. 15.svg,

Marquess A marquess (; ) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or wid ...

File:Rangkronen-Fig. 18.svg,

Count Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...

File:Rangkronen-Fig. 25.svg,

Viscount A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status. The status and any domain held by a viscount is a viscounty. In the case of French viscounts, the title is ...

File:Rangkronen-Fig. 27.svg,

Baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often Hereditary title, hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than ...

File:Rangkronen-Fig. 34.svg,

Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...

File:Rangkronen-Fig. 38.svg, Ecuyer and untitled Nobility

Danish coronet rankings

File:Crown of the Crown Prince of Denmark.svg,

or crown princess File:Crown of a Prince of Denmark.svg, Non-hereditary

prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...

princess Princess is a title used by a female member of a regnant monarch's family or by a female ruler of a principality. The male equivalent is a prince (from Latin '' princeps'', meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for ...

File:T02 Danish Duke.svg,

File:T03 Danish Marquis.svg, Marquis File:T04 Danish Count.svg,

File:T05 Danish Baron.svg,

File:T06 Danish Nobility.svg, Crown of Nobility

Spanish coronet rankings

All over the world, Spanish heraldry has used these crowns and coronets: File:Heraldic Crown of the Prince of Asturias.svg,

Heir Apparent An heir apparent is a person who is first in the order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person. A person who is first in the current order of succession but could be displaced by the birth of a more e ...

File:Heraldic Crown of the Spanish Heir Apparent as Prince of Girona.svg,

(Variant for the Spanish territories of the former Crown of Aragon) File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Infantes.svg,

Infante Infante (, ; f. ''infanta''), also anglicised as "infant" or translated as "prince", is the title and rank given in the Iberian kingdoms of Spain (including the predecessor kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, Navarre, and León) and Portugal to the ...

or Infanta
(

Princess Princess is a title used by a female member of a regnant monarch's family or by a female ruler of a principality. The male equivalent is a prince (from Latin '' princeps'', meaning principal citizen). Most often, the term has been used for ...

) File:Crown of Spanish Infantes for the Aragonese Terriories.svg, Infante or Infanta
(Variant for the Spanish territories of the former

Crown of Aragon The Crown of Aragon (, ) ;, ; ; . was a composite monarchy ruled by one king, originated by the dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona (later Principality of Catalonia) and ended as a consequence of the War of the Sp ...

) File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Grandee.svg, Spanish Grandee File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Dukes (Variant 1).svg,

File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Marqueses (Variant 1).svg, Marquess File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Count.svg, Count File:Heraldic Crown of the Spanish Viscounts.svg,

File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Barons.svg,

File:Heraldic Crown of Spanish Lords.svg,

Lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power (social and political), power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the Peerage o ...

(señor) File:Heraldic Crown of Hispanic Hidalgos.svg, Hidalgo (Spanish nobleman) File:Heraldic Crown of a Spanish King of Arms.svg, Spanish Officer of Arms (Herald and Pursuivant / Persevante)

Swedish coronet rankings

File:Coronet of the Crown Prince of Sweden.svg, Heir Apparent File:Coronet of a Swedish Duke.svg,

/ Duchess File:Grevlig rangkrona.svg,

Countess Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...

File:Friherrlig rangkrona.svg,

/ Baroness File:Obetitlad adel.svg, Crown of Nobility

Former monarchies

Kingdom of France

The hierarchy among the

French nobility The French nobility () was an Aristocracy, aristocratic social class in France from the France in the Middle Ages, Middle Ages until its abolition on 23 June 1790 during the French Revolution. From 1808 to 1815 during the First French Empire, ...

, which was identical for non-royal titles to the British hierarchy of peers, should not be understood to be as rigid in the ranking of titleholders as the latter. In particular, a title was not a good indication of actual preeminence or precedence: ancestry, marriages, high office, military rank and the family's historical renown counted far more than the precise title. Some distinguished families held a title no higher than count or even baron, but were proud of their ancient origin. Moreover, most of the nobility was legally untitled. Some hereditary titles could be acquired by a nobleman who purchased a "titled"

fief A fief (; ) was a central element in medieval contracts based on feudal law. It consisted of a form of property holding or other rights granted by an overlord to a vassal, who held it in fealty or "in fee" in return for a form of feudal alle ...

, while '' titres de courtoisie'' ('courtesy titles') were freely assumed in the absence of strict regulation by the French crown and became more numerous than titles legally borne. In the 17th and 18th centuries, people assumed and used freely coronets of ranks that they did not have; and, in the 19th and 20th centuries abuse was still made of 'courtesy titles'. Titles continued to be granted until the Second Empire fell in 1870, and legally survive among their descendants. The only title that was never usurped under the ''ancien régime'', and rarely without some excuse afterwards, was the title of ''duc'' – because it was so often attached to the rank of peer of France, which carried specific legal prerogatives, such as the right to a seat in the Parlement of Paris. As a result, the title of ''duc'' was actually, as well as nominally, at the top of the scale after the royal family and foreign princes, and a cut above all of the other nobility. During the ''ancien régime'', 'prince' was a rank, not a title, hence there was no coronet. * Roi (sovereign): closed crown of fleurs-de-lis (the crown was open until the early 16th century) * Dauphin (heir apparent): initially an open crown of fleurs-de-lis; starting with Henri IV's son (1601–10), the crown is closed with dolphins instead of arches * and Petit-fils de France (sons and grandsons of a sovereign): open coronet of fleurs-de-lis * Prince du sang (male-line descendants of a grandson of the sovereign): originally an open coronet alternating fleurs-de-lis and acanthus leaves (called strawberry leaves in English blazon), but the open coronet of fleurs-de-lis was used in the 17th and 18th centuries * Pair de France (peer of the realm): coronet of the title (usually duke) with a blue velvet bonnet, along with a mantle ''armoyé'' (reproducing the arms) fringed with gold and lined with ermine * Duc (duke): coronet of acanthus leaves * Marquis (marquess): coronet of alternating acanthus leaves and groups of three pearls in trefoil (or two pearls side by side in some versions) * Comte (count): coronet of pearls * Vicomte (viscount): coronet of four large pearls (three visible) alternating with smaller pearls *

Vidame Vidame () was a feudal title in France, a term descended from mediaeval Latin . Like the ''avoué'' or ''advocatus#In France, advocatus'', the ''vidame'' was originally a secular official chosen by the bishop of the diocese—with the consent ...

(peculiar French title, for protectors of the temporal estates of a

bishopric In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...

): coronet of four crosses (three visible) *

: helm of gold wreathed with a string of small pearls * Chevalier (knight): helm of gold * Ecuyer (squire): helm File:Royal Crown of France (red lozenge).svg, Roi File:Crown of the Dauphin of France.svg, Dauphin File:Crown of a Royal Prince of the Blood of France (variant).svg,
Petit-fils de France File:Crown of a Prince of the Blood of France (variant).svg, Prince du sang File:Crown of a Duke of France.svg, Duc (peer) File:Crown of a Duke of France (variant).svg, Duc File:Crown of a Marquis of France.svg, Marquis (peer) File:Crown of a Marquis of France (variant).svg, Marquis File:Crown of a Count of France.svg, Comte (peer) File:Crown of a Count of France (variant).svg, Comte File:Old Crown of a Count (France & Belgium).svg, Comte (older variant) File:Crown of a Viscount of France (variant).svg, Vicomte File:Crown of a Vidame of France.svg,

File:Crown of a Baron of France.svg,

File:Crown of a Chevalier of France.svg, Chevalier

Holy Roman Empire

The

, and consequently its successor states (Austria, Germany and others), had a system very similar to that of the British, although the design varied. * ''Herzogskrone'': the coronet of a '' Herzog'' (duke) displays five visible leaves, with a crimson bonnet on top, surmounted by five visible arches and a ''

globus cruciger The for, la, globus cruciger, cross-bearing orb, also known as ''stavroforos sphaira'' () or "the orb and cross", is an Sphere, orb surmounted by a Christian cross, cross. It has been a Christian Church, Christian symbol of authority since the M ...

''. * ''Fürstenkrone'': the coronet of a ''

Fürst ' (, female form ', plural '; from Old High German ', "the first", a translation of the Latin ') is a German language, German word for a ruler as well as a princely title. ' were, starting in the Middle Ages, members of the highest nobility who ...

'' (ruling prince) shows five visible leaves, with a crimson bonnet on top, surmounted by three visible arches and a ''globus cruciger''. * ''Landgrafenkrone'': the coronet of a '' Landgraf'' (landgrave) shows five visible leaves, surmounted by three visible arches and a ''globus cruciger''. * ''Grafenkrone'': the coronet of a ''

Graf (; feminine: ) is a historical title of the German nobility and later also of the Russian nobility, usually translated as "count". Considered to be intermediate among noble ranks, the title is often treated as equivalent to the British title ...

'' (count) displays nine visible tines with pearls. Some of the senior comital houses used coronets showing five leaves and four pearls (some mediatized counties and minor principalities had other types of coronets that distinguished them from regular counts). * ''Freiherrnkrone'': the coronet of a (baron) shows seven visible tines with pearls. * ''Adelskrone'': the coronet of '' Adel'' members (untitled nobility) displays five visible tines with pearls. Sometimes, the central and outer tines are leaves and the other tines are headed by pearls. In the southern states of

Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...

and

Württemberg Württemberg ( ; ) is a historical German territory roughly corresponding to the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia. The main town of the region is Stuttgart. Together with Baden and Province of Hohenzollern, Hohenzollern, two other histo ...

, usually all tines are headed by pearls. File:Ducal crown.svg, ''Herzogskrone'' File:Princely crown.svg, ''Fürstenkrone'' File:Landgraf crown.svg, ''Landgrafenkrone'' File:Rangkronen-Fig. 18.svg, ''Grafenkrone'' File:Rangkronen-Fig. 27.svg, ''Freiherrnkrone'' File:Rangkronen-Fig. 37.svg, ''Adelskrone'' Considering the religious nature of the

, one can say that, except for the short-lived Napoleonic states, no continental secular system of heraldry historically was so neatly regulated as under the British crown. Still, there are often traditions (often connected to the Holy Roman Empire, ''e.g.'', those in Sweden, Denmark or Russia) that include the use of crown and coronets. While most languages do not have a specific term for coronets, but simply use the word meaning ''crown'', it is possible to determine which of those crowns are for peerage or lower-level use, and thus can by analogy be called coronets. Precisely because there are many traditions and more variation within some of these, there is a plethora of continental coronet types. Indeed, there are also some coronets for positions that do not exist or entitle one to a coronet in the

Commonwealth A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the 15th century. Originally a phrase (the common-wealth ...

tradition. Such a case in French (''ancien'', ''i.e.'', royal era) heraldry, where coronets of rank did not come into use before the 16th century, is the

vidame Vidame () was a feudal title in France, a term descended from mediaeval Latin . Like the ''avoué'' or ''advocatus#In France, advocatus'', the ''vidame'' was originally a secular official chosen by the bishop of the diocese—with the consent ...

, whos
coronet (illustrated)
is a metal circle mounted with three visible crosses (there is no documentary or archeological evidence that such a coronet was ever made). Often, coronets are substituted by helmets, or only worn on a helmet.

Austro-Hungarian Monarchy

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

, coronets were usually granted with arms, but sometimes a coronet was not granted. File:T07 König.svg, Royal crown File:Archducal Coronet.svg, Archduke File:Ducal Hat.svg,

File:Princely Hat.svg,

File:Count Coronet Austria-Hungary (9 Pearls).svg,

File:Baron coronet Austria (pre-1862).svg,

(pre-1862) File:Ströhl-Rangkronen-Fig. 27.png, Baron (post-1862) File:Noble Coronet Austria-Hungary.svg, Noble

Kingdom of Portugal

These coronets (, singular: ''coronel'') and crowns (Portuguese: ''coroas'', singular: ''coroa'') were used in Portuguese heraldry: File:Heraldic Royal Crown of Portugal - Eight Arches.svg, Royal Crown of Portugal File:Crown of the Heir Apparent of the Kingdom of Portugal.svg, Prince Royal (Heir Apparent) File:Crown of the Prince of Beira.svg,

Prince of Beira Prince of Beira (, feminine: ''Princesa da Beira'') is a title traditionally granted to the heir apparent to the King of Portugal, throne of Portugal. The title's original use that it be granted on the eldest daughter of the reigning monarch of P ...

(Heir Apparent's eldest son) File:Coronet of an Infante - Kingdom of Portugal.svg,

(Prince) File:Coronet of a Duke - Kingdom of Portugal.svg,

File:Coronet of a Marquess - Kingdom of Portugal.svg, Marquis File:Coronet of Count - Portugal.svg,

File:Coronet of a Viscount - Kingdom of Portugal.svg,

File:Coronet of Baron - Portugal.svg,

File:Coronet of Knight - Portugal.svg,

/ '' Fidalgo''

References

Sources and external links

The Coronets of Members of the Royal Family and of the Peerage

Heraldica.org French heraldry

* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20110809182337/http://www.clanjohnstone.org/AnnandalePeerageCase.html Illustration of the coat of arms of the Earl of Annandale and Hartfell, showing the design of coronet
The Crowns, Coronets and Crests of the Ladies and Knights of the Garter
{{Authority control Crowns (headgear) Formal insignia Monarchy Regalia State ritual and ceremonies Types of jewellery Crowns in heraldry