Cora Slocomb di Brazza (January 7, 1862 – August 24, 1944) was an

American heiress ''American Heiress'' is a telenovela which debuted on March 13, 2007 at 8 p.m. ET/7 p.m. CT on the American television network MyNetworkTV. This romantic melodrama tells the story of a roughneck pilot and a pampered heiress who survive a plane cra ...

and Italian activist, businesswoman, and philanthropist. Born into a wealthy family in

New Orleans New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans

Quaker Quakers are people who belong to a historically Protestant Christian set of Christian denomination, denominations known formally as the Religious Society of Friends. Members of these movements ("theFriends") are generally united by a belie ...

traditions. Privately tutored, she studied in France, Germany and the

Isle of Wight The Isle of Wight ( ) is a Counties of England, county in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, from which it is separated by the Solent. It is the List of islands of England#Largest islands, largest and List of islands of England#Mo ...

, taking painting lessons with

Frank Duveneck Frank Duveneck (né Decker; October 9, 1848 – January 3, 1919) was an American figure and portrait painter. Early life Duveneck was born in Covington, Kentucky, the son of German immigrant Bernhard Decker. Decker died in a cholera epidemic whe ...

. In 1887, she went to Italy and married Detalmo Savorgnan di Brazza, brother of explorer

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazzà, later known as Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza; 26 January 1852 – 14 September 1905), was an Italian-born, naturalized French explorer. With his family's financial help, he explored the Ogoou ...

. They settled in his family estate at the in

Moruzzo Moruzzo ( fur, Murus) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about northwest of Udine. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,240 and ...

in the

Province of Udine The province of Udine ( it, provincia di Udine, fur, provincie di Udin, sl, videmska pokrajina, Resian: , german: Provinz Weiden) was a province in the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia of Italy, bordering Austria and Slovenia. Its capita ...

, wintering in Rome. She created a lace-making school and eventually opened seven Brazza Lace Cooperative Schools. Besides promoting basic education, the schools taught bobbin lace-making and marketed the wares to help women rise above poverty. Speaking four languages, Slocomb di Brazza printed various language pamphlets to attract interest from abroad in their products. She displayed the goods of the Lace Cooperative Schools at trade shows and world fairs. She also was successful in a drive to reduce US import duties on handcrafted items in 1897, arguing that the tariffs would drive up immigration. Involved in the

peace movement A peace movement is a social movement which seeks to achieve ideals, such as the ending of a particular war (or wars) or minimizing inter-human violence in a particular place or situation. They are often linked to the goal of achieving world pea ...

from 1889, Slocomb di Brazza created the

peace flag There have been several designs for a peace flag. The Peace Flag initiative "The Peace Flag" is an initiative that aims to unify all nations underneath one common symbol on International Peace Day. While there are various icons of peace – the ...

and was the founder of the

International Council of Women The International Council of Women (ICW) is a women's rights organization working across national boundaries for the common cause of advocating human rights for women. In March and April 1888, women leaders came together in Washington, D.C., wit ...

's Committee on Social Peace and International Arbitration in 1897. The committee worked to create agreements for nations to solve conflicts diplomatically and avoid war. Aligned with her peace work, she undertook numerous humanitarian drives to assist immigrant communities, reduce strife caused by cultural differences, and improve Italian–American relations. Slocomb di Brazza campaigned against the death penalty, fighting for a

pardon A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the j ...

and then assisting accused murderer,

Maria Barbella Maria Barbella (October 24, 1868 – March 24, 1950) was an Italian-born American woman. Erroneously known as Maria Barberi at the time, she was the second woman sentenced to die in the electric chair. She was convicted of killing her lover in 189 ...

, in gaining a second trial, at which she was acquitted. She attended the 1903 and 1904 Congresses of the International Council of Women, representing the

Consiglio Nazionale delle Donne Italiane The Consiglio Nazionale delle Donne Italiane (CNDI) or National Council of Italian Women is an Italian federation of women's associations, including those admitting both men and women, bent on improving conditions for women. Founded in 1903 as the ...

(CNDI, National Council of Italian Women). With activists from CNDI, she founded the (IFI, Italian Women's Industries Cooperative Society) in 1903 to remove middlemen who exploited craftswomen. In 1906, Slocomb di Brazza developed a mental illness which kept her isolated and confined for the next thirty-seven years. The Brazza Cooperative Lace Schools which she initiated are still operational and the peace flag she designed has been widely used in international ceremonies and celebrations.

Early life and education

Cora Ann Slocomb was born on January 7, 1862, in

New Orleans, Louisiana New Orleans ( , ,New Orleans

Abigail Hannah Slocomb (née Day) and Cuthbert Harrison Slocomb. At the time of her birth, her father was a Confederate soldier, serving in the Louisiana Washington Artillery during the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by state ...

. After his war service, he returned to his partnership in a hardware store which had been founded by his father, successfully accumulating a fortune prior to his death in 1874. Her mother, who worked professionally under the name Abby Day Slocomb, was a

and descendant of

Elisha Hinman Elisha ( ; or "God is my salvation", Greek: , ''Elis îos'' or , ''Elisaié,'' Latin: ''Eliseus'') was, according to the Hebrew Bible, a prophet and a wonder-worker. His name is commonly transliterated into English as Elisha via Hebrew, Elis ...

, a soldier in the

American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of ...

. She filed several patents, designed the Connecticut State flag, founded the

Groton, Connecticut Groton is a town in New London County, Connecticut located on the Thames River. It is the home of General Dynamics Electric Boat, which is the major contractor for submarine work for the United States Navy. The Naval Submarine Base New London ...

, chapter of the

Daughters of the American Revolution The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is a lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a person involved in the United States' efforts towards independence. A non-profit group, they promot ...

, and founded the preservation society and museum for

Fort Griswold Fort Griswold is a former American defensive fortification in Groton, Connecticut named after Deputy Governor Matthew Griswold. The fort played a key role in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, in correspondence with Fort Trumbull ...

. Slocomb was educated in New Orleans until her father's death. The family then relocated to

Connecticut Connecticut () is the southernmost state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its cap ...

, where she studied with private tutors. At thirteen, she went abroad, studying in Germany and France, before completing her education on the

. In 1884, she became a student of

, studying painting at the

Royal Academy The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House on Piccadilly in London. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its purp ...

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Ha ...

, Germany. After completing her course, Slocomb traveled to

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

in 1887 and met Detalmo Savorgnan di Brazza, brother of

, who explored Africa reaching the

Congo River The Congo River ( kg, Nzâdi Kôngo, french: Fleuve Congo, pt, Rio Congo), formerly also known as the Zaire River, is the second longest river in Africa, shorter only than the Nile, as well as the second largest river in the world by discharge ...

. Soon after their meeting, Slocomb contracted

typhoid fever Typhoid fever, also known as typhoid, is a disease caused by '' Salmonella'' serotype Typhi bacteria. Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over severa ...

and withdrew to

Sorrento Sorrento (, ; nap, Surriento ; la, Surrentum) is a town overlooking the Bay of Naples in Southern Italy. A popular tourist destination, Sorrento is located on the Sorrentine Peninsula at the south-eastern terminus of the Circumvesuviana rail ...

for several months to recover. Immediately upon hearing of her recovery, di Brazza went to see her and proposed marriage. The couple were married on October 18, 1887, in New York City. As Slocomb was Protestant and di Brazza Catholic, a civil service took place at 3 East Forty-Fifth Street officiated by Italian consul General Giovanni Raffo, followed by a religious ceremony performed by Father Ducey of St. Leo Catholic Church. Part of her marriage contract required her to become an Italian national.

Career

After their marriage, the couple lived at the in

in the

and wintered in Rome at the on . Their only child, Idanna, was born in 1888. Concerned about the poverty of peasants in

Friuli Friuli ( fur, Friûl, sl, Furlanija, german: Friaul) is an area of Northeast Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity containing 1,000,000 Friulians. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli Venezia Giul ...

, Slocomb di Brazza created a

lace Lace is a delicate fabric made of yarn or thread in an open weblike pattern, made by machine or by hand. Generally, lace is divided into two main categories, needlelace and bobbin lace, although there are other types of lace, such as knitted o ...

-making

cooperative A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically-contro ...

to give the women a means of support during the seasons when they could not work on their farms. She also opened a toy-making workshop in Fagagna, which created dolls and operated until the onset of

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

. Teaching women the skill to make lace, which she had learned in her childhood, she created patterns which incorporated decorative motifs that were traditional in the region. Slocomb di Brazza spoke English, French, German, and Italian and printed pamphlets in each of the languages to attract consumers from abroad. In 1891, she opened the first lace-making school in the hamlet of Santa Margherita del Gruagno. To promote the idea of a school, she taught six girls how to make

torchon lace Torchon lace (Dutch: stropkant) is a bobbin lace that was made all over Europe. It is continuous, with the pattern made at the same time as the ground. Torchon lace is notable for being coarse and strong, as well as its simple geometric patterns and ...

by weaving sixty threads on

bobbin A bobbin or spool is a spindle or cylinder, with or without flanges, on which yarn, thread, wire, tape or film is wound. Bobbins are typically found in industrial textile machinery, as well as in sewing machines, fishing reels, tape measures ...

s and had them demonstrate their new skill at the

agricultural show An agricultural show is a public event exhibiting the equipment, animals, sports and recreation associated with agriculture and animal husbandry. The largest comprise a livestock show (a judged event or display in which breeding stock is exhibi ...

they had organized at the castle for September 8. The lace-makers were the highlight of the show and generated around forty students for the school. Finding no qualified teacher, Slocomb di Brazza taught basic education courses as well as the technical and artistic requirements of lace-making, training the best students to become teachers. Following this model, in 1892 a second school was opened by her student Angelica Marcuzzi in

Fagagna Fagagna ( fur, Feagne) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about northwest of Udine. As of 2011, it had a population of 6,279 and an area of ...

. Later five other Brazza Lace Cooperative Schools were developed with facilities in Brazzacco,

Martignacco Martignacco ( fur, Martigna) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about northwest of Udine. Martignacco borders the following municipalities: ...

, and

San Vito di Fagagna San Vito di Fagagna ( fur, San Vît di Feagne) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Udine in the Italian region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about northwest of Trieste and about west of Udine. San Vito di Fagagna borders the follo ...

. As there was no market for the lace products in Friuli, Slocomb di Brazza used her contacts in Rome to gather antique lace samples. Marrying those with samples provided by her mother and her students, she published a book, ''A Guide to Old and New Lace in Italy: Exhibited at Chicago in 1893'', which accompanied an exhibit of the laces in The Woman's Building at the

1893 Chicago World's Fair The World's Columbian Exposition (also known as the Chicago World's Fair) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492. The centerpiece of the Fair, hel ...

. At the Congress of Women held during the exposition, Slocomb di Brazza presented a talk, ''The Italian Woman in the Country'' to familiarize the delegates with the work being done to improve women's economic situations in Italy. The exhibit won a gold medal, and after the exhibition, the

Philadelphia Museum of Art The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMoA) is an art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at the northwest end of the Benjamin F ...

acquired the laces. Following that success, the schools expanded and submitted works to other fairs, winning two gold medals at the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris and recognition at the 1905 Liège International, in

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to ...

, among others. For three decades after the first Brazza Lace Cooperative School opened in 1891, the main earnings of women in the region came from producing lace, or growing

violets Violet identifies various plant taxa, particularly species in the genus ''Viola'', within which the common violet is the best known member in Eurasia and the common blue violet and common purple violet are the best known members in North America ...

. She encouraged her brother-in-law to develop a marketable flower from a wild white violet. Women were able to grow and sell this violet to earn money.

Activism

From 1889, Slocomb di Brazza had been an active member of the

Universal Peace Union The Universal Peace Union was a pacifist organization founded by former members of the American Peace Society in Providence, Rhode Island with the adoption of its constitution on 16 May 1866; it was chartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on 9 Apri ...

. She developed seven rules of harmony, as guiding principles aimed at achieving personal and world unity, cooperation, justice, and mindfulness regarding the environment. She shared these principles with her students and worked to develop a peace movement in Italy. As a delegate of the Universal Peace Union, she met with the

in October 1897, and formed the Committee on Social Peace and International Arbitration. It was designed to establish arbitration committees throughout the world as a means of developing diplomatic channels for nations to work out their disputes. Slocomb di Brazza became chair of the committee with

Hannah G. Solomon Hannah Greenebaum Solomon (; January 14, 1858 – December 7, 1942) was a social reformer and the founder of the National Council of Jewish Women, the first national association of Jewish women. Solomon was an important organizer who reached acr ...

as vice chair. Visiting other women's groups to promote peace, Slocomb di Brazza proposed adopting a

which she had designed after visiting the

International Red Cross The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC; french: Comité international de la Croix-Rouge) is a humanitarian organization which is based in Geneva, Switzerland, and it is also a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate. State parties (signat ...

offices in

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situ ...

earlier that year. The flag featured yellow, purple, and white stripes to represent respectively love, consistency, and youth. In its center was a crest with symbols of peace and the motto (For Peace I Work). The flag was formally adopted by the International Council of Women in October, and at the meeting of the

National Council of Women of the United States The National Council of Women of the United States (NCW/US) is the oldest nonsectarian organization of women in America. Officially founded in 1888, the NCW/US is an accredited non-governmental organization (NGO) with the Department of Public In ...

held in

Nashville, Tennessee Nashville is the capital city of the U.S. state of Tennessee and the seat of Davidson County. With a population of 689,447 at the 2020 U.S. census, Nashville is the most populous city in the state, 21st most-populous city in the U.S., and t ...

, in November it was formally adopted by the organization as a symbol of universal brotherhood, cooperation, and peace. The flag had already been shared with

Élie Ducommun Élie Ducommun (19 February 1833, Geneva – 7 December 1906, Bern) was a Swiss peace activist. He was a Nobel laureate, awarded the 1902 Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with Charles Albert Gobat. Born in Geneva, he worked as a tutor, langua ...

, founder of the

International Peace Bureau The International Peace Bureau (IPB) (french: Bureau international de la paix), founded in 1891, is one of the world's oldest international peace federations. The organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1910 for acting "as a link be ...

, which adopted the flag in 1899, the year in which it was also endorsed by the

Woman's Christian Temperance Union The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is an international Temperance movement, temperance organization, originating among women in the United States Prohibition movement. It was among the first organizations of women devoted to social ref ...

Concerned about high

tariff A tariff is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods. Besides being a source of revenue for the government, import duties can also be a form of regulation of foreign trade and p ...

s on imported lace, in 1897 Slocomb di Brazza published a ten-page booklet, which she sent to members of the

United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washi ...

, arguing that the burden of high import duties was encouraging immigration. Her presentation was successful and resulted in a lowering of the tariff from sixty percent to fifteen percent for handcrafted items. She was acutely aware of immigration issues, as two years before she had sailed to New York City to defend

, a young illiterate immigrant who was one of the first women sentenced to die in the

electric chair An electric chair is a device used to execute an individual by electrocution. When used, the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes fastened on the head and leg. This execution method, ...

in the United States. Reportedly, Barbella had been raped by her boyfriend Domenico Cataldo, whom she then killed after he refused to restore her honor by marrying her. An all-male jury had convicted her of murder. After reading about the case in ''

The New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...

'', Slocomb di Brazza organized efforts to secure Barbella a

and to campaign against the death penalty. The ruling was overturned and Barbella was freed after a second trial in 1896. Slocomb di Brazza, accompanied her husband for his business affairs in the United States in 1897. As a member of both the

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the " United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, ...

and

Italian Red Cross The Italian Red Cross (IRC, it, Croce Rossa Italiana or ''CRI'') is the Italian national Red Cross society. The Italian Red Cross was one of the original founding members of the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1919. History Early h ...

organizations, she spent her time in the United States, assisting humanitarian efforts for soldiers wounded in the Greco-Turkish War. She made presentations throughout the country with

Clara Barton Clarissa Harlowe Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross. She was a hospital nurse in the American Civil War, a teacher, and a patent clerk. Since nursing education was not then very ...

, appealing for American activists to assist Greek women in their relief work. She founded the National American Greek Red Cross Association to gather clothing, material, medicine, and money for Greece. Slocomb di Brazza attended the International Council of Women's 1903 Congress in

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...

, Germany, and the 1904 Congress in

Berlin Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European U ...

, representing the

(CNDI, National Council of Italian Women), formed in 1903. CNDI members, including Slocomb di Brazza, Etta de Viti de Marco, Antonia Ponti Suardi and Lavinia Boncompagni-Ludovisi Taverna established a standing committee, the (IFI, Italian Women's Industries Cooperative Society) both to promote Italian arts and crafts abroad, and remove middlemen, who exploited and took advantage of the craftswomen. She became president of the society and her husband Detalmo served as secretary. The society set about creating regional branches organized under various patronesses. By 1906 they had created twenty-four regional branches and established sister organizations in the United States which were designed to provide employment in various needlecrafts for Italian immigrants. That year, Slocomb di Brazza traveled to the United States as a representative of the Italian government to meet with US officials and other people working with immigrants in an attempt to establish protocols for the treatment and processing of immigrants. Believing it would benefit both European and American governments, she suggested an indoctrination program in order to make immigrants aware of the culture and laws and to learn the language, accompanied by a facilitated settlement program so that immigrant labor could live where they were most needed.

Illness

Back in Italy, in 1906 Slocomb di Brazza was returning home from organizing earthquake relief in Calabria when she suffered a mental and physical breakdown in

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language, Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 1 ...

. By the time her husband reached her, she did not recognize him or her surroundings. She was diagnosed with a form of osteoporosis, known as

Paget's disease of bone Paget's disease of bone (commonly known as Paget's disease or, historically, osteitis deformans) is a condition involving cellular remodeling and deformity of one or more bones. The affected bones show signs of dysregulated bone remodeling at the ...

, which impacted her

skull The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain. The skull is composed of four types of bone i.e., cranial bones, facial bones, ear ossicles and hyoid bone. However two parts are more prominent: the cranium and the mandible. In humans, t ...

and caused severe and debilitating headaches. She was placed under the care of Cesare Ferrari, a pioneering Italian physician who ran a psychiatric hospital in

Imola Imola (; rgn, Jômla or ) is a city and ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Bologna, located on the river Santerno, in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. The city is traditionally considered the western entrance to the historical r ...

. As she was unable to continue their management, the schools were taken over in 1908 by Marcuzzi, who continued their operation to honor Slocomb di Brazza. Her speech was often confused and she had difficulty understanding what was going on around her. Her husband visited her frequently until his death in 1922. She appeared to have improved in 1927 and returned to the , but within six months relapsed and was sent to the Hospital Villa Giuseppina in Rome, where she remained in isolation until her death at age 82 in 1944.

Death and legacy

Slocomb di Brazza died in Rome on August 24, 1944, and was buried in the family vault at the

Verano Cemetery The Campo Verano (Italian: ''Cimitero del Verano'') is a cemetery in Rome, Italy, founded in the early 19th century. The monumental cemetery is currently divided into sections: the Jewish cemetery, the Catholic cemetery, and the monument t ...

. For many years, her history was obscured because of the stigmas surrounding

mental illness A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitt ...

. Her defense of Barbella, which has been widely noted, along with her work in the IFI demonstrate that Slocomb di Brazza was aware of the exploitation and vulnerability garment craftswomen faced and that she was willing to use her privilege to assist them. The Cooperative Lace Schools of Brazza continue to train girls between ages seven and fifteen in lace-making. The peace flag she designed was in wide use until the end of World War I, before losing its priority. In 2013, it was chosen to celebrate

Bertha von Suttner Bertha Sophie Felicitas Freifrau von Suttner (; ; 9 June 184321 June 1914) was an Austrian-Bohemian pacifist and novelist. In 1905, she became the second female Nobel laureate (after Marie Curie in 1903), the first woman to be awarded the Nobel ...

, a fellow peace activist and friend of Slocomb di Brazza, for the centennial celebrations of

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a list of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's ad ...

Peace Palace , native_name_lang = , logo = , logo_size = , logo_alt = , logo_caption = , image = La haye palais paix jardin face.JPG , image_size = , image_alt = , image_caption = The Peace Palace, The Hague , map_type = , map_alt = , m ...

. Since then, it has been used in several commemorative ceremonies and celebrations throughout the world. Her great-granddaughter,

Idanna Pucci Idanna Pucci (born December 25, 1945) is an Italian writer and documentary filmmaker, and a member of the prominent Pucci family of Florence. Early life She moved from Florence to New York City at age nineteen to work for her uncle, the fashion ...

, an anthropologist and documentary film-maker, retold the story of Slocomb di Brazza's involvement in the case of Barbella in her books ''The Trials of Maria Barbella: The True Story of a 19th Century Crime of Passion'' (1993) and ''The Lady of Sing Sing'' (2020).

Works

* * * * *

References

Citations

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Brazza, Cora Slocomb di 1862 births 1944 deaths Businesspeople from New Orleans Businesspeople from Rome American pacifists Italian pacifists 20th-century Italian businesspeople Italian philanthropists Italian women's rights activists American emigrants to Italy 19th-century American businesswomen 19th-century American philanthropists 20th-century American philanthropists 19th-century women philanthropists 20th-century women philanthropists 20th-century Italian businesswomen Brazza family Lace Flag designers