Description
The name ''Coprosma'' means "smelling like dung" and refers to the smell (methanethiol) given out by the crushed leaves of a few species. Many species are small shrubs with tiny evergreen leaves, but a few are small trees and have much larger leaves. The flowers have insignificant petals and are wind-pollinated, with long anthers and stigmas. Most species are dioecious, but some (particularly those native to New Zealand) species can sometimes have individuals with perfect flowers. Natural hybrids are common. The fruit is a non-poisonous juicy berry, most often bright orange (but can be dark red or even light blue), containing two small seeds. The orange fruit of the larger species were eaten by Māori people, Māori children, and are also popular with birds. It is said that coffee can be made from the seeds, ''Coprosma'' being related to the Coffea, coffee plants. A notable feature (also found in other genera of Rubiaceae) is that the leaves contain hollows in the axils of the veins; in these, and on the leaf stipules, nitrogen-fixing bacteria grow. In addition the hollows, or domatia, encourage certain kinds of mites to take up residence, which feed on and reduce parasitic fungi which attack the leaf.Species
*''Coprosma acerosa'' A.Cunn. - coprosma - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island and Chatham Islands) *''Coprosma acutifolia'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - Raoul Island *''Coprosma arborea'' Kirk - tree coprosma, mamangi - New Zealand *' Elmer Drew Merrill, Merr. & Lily May Perry, L.M.Perry - New Guinea *''Coprosma × arcuata'' Colenso - ''C. propinqua'' × ''C. robusta'' - North Island, New Zealand North Island *''Coprosma areolata'' Cheeseman - thin-leaved coprosma - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''Coprosma atropurpurea'' (Cockayne & Allan) L.B.Moore - South Island, New Zealand South Island *''Coprosma barbata'' Utteridge - New Guinea *''Coprosma baueri'' Stephan Friedrich Ladislaus Endlicher, Endl. - Norfolk Island and Phillip Island (Norfolk Island), Phillip Island *' W.R.B.Oliv. - Pitcairn Islands *''Coprosma bougainvilleensis'' Gideon - Solomon Islands *' Elmer Drew Merrill, Merr. & Lily May Perry, L.M.Perry - New Guinea *''Coprosma × buchananii'' Kirk - ''C. crassifolia'' × ''C. robusta'' - southern New Zealand North Island *' Cockayne - Chatham Islands *''Coprosma cheesemanii'' W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''Coprosma ciliata'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - tree 7m tall - New Zealand, Antipodes Islands *''Coprosma colensoi'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''Coprosma × conferta'' A.Cunn. - ''C. propinqua'' × ''C. robusta'' - New Zealand *' Fosberg - Tuha'a Pae *''Coprosma cordicarpa'' Cantley, Spock-Koehler, and Chau - Maui *''Coprosma crassifolia'' Colenso - stiff, red-brown branches - New Zealand *''Coprosma crenulata'' W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''Coprosma cuneata'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - New Zealand South Island, Stewart Island, Antipodes Islands *''Coprosma × cunninghamii'' Hook.f. *' Hillebr. - Northwestern Hawaiian Islands *''Coprosma decurva'' Heads - New Zealand *''Coprosma depressa'' Colenso ex Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *' W.R.B.Oliv. - Papua New Guinea *''Coprosma dodonaeifolia'' W.R.B.Oliv. - Great Barrier Island *''Coprosma dumosa'' (Cheeseman) G.T.Jane - New Zealand *''Coprosma elatirioides'' de Lange & A.S.Markey - New Zealand South Island *''Coprosma elegans'' Utteridge - New Guinea *' W.R.B.Oliv. - Kauai *''Coprosma ernodeoides'' Asa Gray, A.Gray - Hawaii (island), Hawaii, Maui *''Coprosma esulcata'' (F.Br.) Fosberg - Marquesas Islands *' W.L.Wagner & Lorence - Marquesas Islands *''Coprosma fernandeziana'' ined. - Robinson Crusoe Island *''Coprosma foetidissima'' Johann Reinhold Forster, J.R.Forst. & Georg Forster, G.Forst. - Stinkwood, a small New Zealand tree with foul-smelling leaves *' Asa Gray, A.Gray - Hawaiian Islands *''Coprosma fowerakeri'' D.A.Norton & de Lange - New Zealand South Island *''Coprosma glabrata'' J.W.Moore - Raiatea *''Coprosma × gracilicaulis'' Carse - ''C. rotundifolia'' × ''C. tenuicaulis'' - New Zealand North Island *''Coprosma × gracilis'' A.Cunn. - ''C. lucida'' × ''C. rhamnoides'' - New Zealand North Island *''Coprosma grandifolia'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. kanono, a large bush with leaves 15 cm long or more; its bark contains an orange dye - New Zealand *''Coprosma hirtella'' Labill. - Tasmania, Victoria (Australia), Victoria, New South Wales *''Coprosma hookeri'' Otto Stapf (botanist), Stapf - Sabah *''Coprosma huttoniana'' P.S.Green - Lord Howe Island *''Coprosma inopinata'' I.Hutton & P.S.Green - Lord Howe Island *''Coprosma intertexta'' G.Simpson - New Zealand South Island *' (Asa Gray, A.Gray) A.Heller - Kauai *''Coprosma × kirkii'' Cheeseman - ''C. acerosa'' × ''C. repens'' - New Zealand North Island *''Coprosma laevigata'' Cheeseman - Rarotonga *''Coprosma lanceolaris'' Ferdinand von Mueller, F.Muell. - Lord Howe Island *''Coprosma linariifolia'' (Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f.) Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - mikimiki, yellow wood - New Zealand *' Asa Gray, A.Gray - Oahu *''Coprosma lucida'' Johann Reinhold Forster, J.R.Forst. & Georg Forster, G.Forst. karamu, a small tree **''Coprosma lucida'' var. ''angustifolia'' Cheeseman - New Zealand North Island **''Coprosma lucida'' var. ''lucida'' - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''Coprosma macrocarpa'' Cheeseman large-seeded coprosma - New Zealand North Island (incl. Three Kings Islands) *' Asa Gray, A.Gray - Hawaiian Islands *' W.L.Wagner & Lorence - Marquesas Islands *''Coprosma microcarpa'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - New Zealand *''Coprosma × molokaiensis'' H.St.John - ''C. ochracea'' × ''C. ternata'' - Molokai *''Coprosma montana'' Hillebr. - Hawaii, eastern Maui *''Coprosma moorei'' Ferdinand von Mueller, F.Muell. ex Rodway - Tasmania, Victoria *''Coprosma myrtifolia'' Noronha - Java *''Coprosma neglecta'' Cheeseman - New Zealand North Island *''Coprosma nephelephila'' J.Florence - Marquesas Islands *''Coprosma niphophila'' Orchard - New Zealand South Island, New South Wales *''Coprosma nitida'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales *' W.R.B.Oliv. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales *' W.R.B.Oliv. - Vanuatu *''Coprosma obconica'' Kirk **''Coprosma obconica'' subsp. ''distantia'' de Lange & R.O.Gardner - New Zealand North Island **''Coprosma obconica'' subsp. ''obconica'' - New Zealand *''Coprosma ochracea'' W.R.B.Oliv. - Hawaiian Islands *''Coprosma oliveri'' Fosberg - Robinson Crusoe Island *''Coprosma papuensis'' W.R.B.Oliv. **''Coprosma papuensis'' subsp. ''discolor'' (P.Royen) R.O.Gardner - New Guinea **''Coprosma papuensis'' subsp. ''mopaensis'' R.O.Gardner - New Guinea **''Coprosma papuensis'' subsp. ''papuensis'' - New Guinea *''Coprosma parviflora'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - Leafy Coprosma - New Zealand *''Coprosma pedicellata'' Molly - New Zealand *''Coprosma perpusilla'' Colenso **''Coprosma perpusilla'' subsp. ''perpusilla'' - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales, New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) **''Coprosma perpusilla'' subsp. ''subantarctica'' Orchard - Macquarie Island, Antipodes Islands *' Asa Gray, A.Gray - Fiji *''Coprosma petiolata'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - Kermadec Islands *''Coprosma petriei'' Cheeseman - mirror plant - New Zealand *''Coprosma pilosa'' Stephan Friedrich Ladislaus Endlicher, Endl. - Norfolk Island *' W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand South Island (incl. Stewart Island) *''Coprosma prisca'' W.R.B.Oliv. - Lord Howe Island *''Coprosma propinqua'' A.Cunn. - mingimingi **''Coprosma propinqua'' var. ''latiuscula'' Allan - New Zealand ** W.R.B.Oliv. - Chatham Islands **''Coprosma propinqua'' var. '' propinqua'' - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''Coprosma pseudociliata'' G.T.Jane - New Zealand *''Coprosma pseudocuneata'' W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand *' Asa Gray, A.Gray - Hawaiian Islands *''Coprosma pumila'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. - Tasmania, Victoria *''Coprosma putida'' C.Moore & Ferdinand von Mueller, F.Muell. - Lord Howe Island *''Coprosma pyrifolia'' (William Jackson Hooker, Hook. & George Arnott Walker-Arnott, Arn.) Skottsb. - Juan Fernández Islands *''Coprosma quadrifida'' (Labill.) Rob. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales *''Coprosma raiateensis'' J.W.Moore - Raiatea *''Coprosma rapensis'' F.Br. - Tuha'a Pae, Pitcairn Islands *''Coprosma repens'' Achille Richard, A.Rich. - taupata, mirror plant - native to New Zealand, naturalized in Australia (Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia) *''Coprosma reticulata'' J.Florence - Marquesas Islands *''Coprosma rhamnoides'' A.Cunn. - twiggy coprosma - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *' Asa Gray, A.Gray - Hawaii *''Coprosma rigida'' Cheeseman - New Zealand *''Coprosma robusta'' Raoul - karamu - New Zealand, Chatham Is., naturalized in Australia (Tasmania, Victoria) *''Coprosma rotundifolia'' A.Cunn. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''Coprosma rubra'' Petrie - New Zealand *''Coprosma rugosa'' Cheeseman - needle-leaved mountain coprosma - New Zealand, Antipodes Islands *' Rech. - Samoa *''Coprosma serrulata'' Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook.f. ex Buchanan - New Zealand South Island *' J.W.Moore - Raiatea *''Coprosma spathulata'' A.Cunn. **''Coprosma spathulata'' subsp. ''hikuruana'' de Lange & Heenan - New Zealand North Island **''Coprosma spathulata'' subsp. ''spathulata'' - New Zealand North Island *' Hillebr. - Maui *''Coprosma strigulosa'' Carl Adolf Georg Lauterbach, Lauterb. - Samoa *''Coprosma sundana'' Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, Miq. - Java *''Coprosma × tadgellii'' W.R.B.Oliv. - ''C. nitida'' × ''C. nivalis'' - Victoria *''Coprosma tahitensis'' Asa Gray, A.Gray - Tahiti, Tuha'a Pae *''Coprosma talbrockiei'' L.B.Moore & R.Mason - Victoria, New Zealand South Island *' W.L.Wagner & Lorence - Marquesas Islands *''Coprosma tenuicaulis'' William Jackson Hooker, Hook. - swamp coprosma - New Zealand *''Coprosma tenuifolia'' Cheeseman - wavy-leaved coprosma - New Zealand North Island *' W.R.B.Oliv. - Molokai *' Fosberg - Tuha'a Pae *''Coprosma virescens'' Petrie - New Zealand *''Coprosma waima'' A.P.Druce - New Zealand North Island *''Coprosma waimeae'' Wawra - Kauai *''Coprosma wallii'' Petrie - New Zealand South Island *''Coprosma wollastonii'' Wernham **''Coprosma wollastonii'' var. ''epiphytica'' (P.Royen) R.O.Gardner - New Guinea **''Coprosma wollastonii'' var. ''novoguineensis'' (Elmer Drew Merrill, Merr. & Lily May Perry, L.M.Perry) R.O.Gardner - New Guinea **''Coprosma wollastonii'' var. ''wollastonii'' - Sulawesi, New GuineaReferences
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