''Coprosma'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

Rubiaceae The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules ...

. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands,

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java Isl ...

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mo ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the

Juan Fernández Islands The Juan Fernández Islands ( es, Archipiélago Juan Fernández) are a sparsely inhabited series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean reliant on tourism and fishing. Situated off the coast of Chile, they are composed of three main volcanic i ...

Description

The name ''Coprosma'' means "smelling like dung" and refers to the smell (

methanethiol Methanethiol (also known as methyl mercaptan) is an organosulfur compound with the chemical formula . It is a colorless gas with a distinctive putrid smell. It is a natural substance found in the blood, brain and feces of animals (including huma ...

) given out by the crushed leaves of a few species. Many species are small shrubs with tiny

evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which ...

leaves, but a few are small trees and have much larger leaves. The flowers have insignificant petals and are wind-pollinated, with long anthers and stigmas. Most species are

dioecious Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproducti ...

, but some (particularly those native to New Zealand) species can sometimes have individuals with perfect flowers. Natural hybrids are common. The fruit is a non-poisonous juicy berry, most often bright orange (but can be dark red or even light blue), containing two small seeds. The orange fruit of the larger species were eaten by Māori children, and are also popular with birds. It is said that coffee can be made from the seeds, ''Coprosma'' being related to the

coffee plants ''Coffea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. ''Coffea'' species are shrubs or small trees native to tropical and southern Africa and tropical Asia. The seeds of some species, called coffee beans, are used to flav ...

. A notable feature (also found in other genera of Rubiaceae) is that the leaves contain hollows in the axils of the veins; in these, and on the leaf

stipule In botany, a stipule is an outgrowth typically borne on both sides (sometimes on just one side) of the base of a leafstalk (the petiole). Stipules are considered part of the anatomy of the leaf of a typical flowering plant, although in many speci ...

s, nitrogen-fixing bacteria grow. In addition the hollows, or

domatia A domatium (plural: domatia, from the Latin "domus", meaning home) is a tiny chamber that houses arthropods, produced by a plant. Ideally domatia differ from galls in that they are produced by the plant rather than being induced by their inhabi ...

, encourage certain kinds of

mite Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic analysis does not show clear evid ...

s to take up residence, which feed on and reduce parasitic fungi which attack the leaf.

Species

*'' Coprosma acerosa'' A.Cunn. - tataraheke/sand coprosma - New Zealand (incl.

Stewart Island Stewart Island ( mi, Rakiura, ' glowing skies', officially Stewart Island / Rakiura) is New Zealand's third-largest island, located south of the South Island, across the Foveaux Strait. It is a roughly triangular island with a total land ar ...

and

Chatham Islands The Chatham Islands ( ) ( Moriori: ''Rēkohu'', 'Misty Sun'; mi, Wharekauri) are an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about east of New Zealand's South Island. They are administered as part of New Zealand. The archipelago consists of about t ...

) *'' Coprosma acutifolia'' Hook.f. -

Raoul Island Raoul Island (''Sunday Island'') is the largest and northernmost of the main Kermadec Islands, south south-west of 'Ata Island of Tonga and north north-east of New Zealand's North Island. It has been the source of vigorous volcanic activity ...

*'' Coprosma arborea'' Kirk - tree coprosma, mamangi - New Zealand *' Merr. &

L.M.Perry Lily May Perry (1895-1992) was a Canadian-American botanist who worked at Arnold Arboretum and is most known for detailed compilation of information on medicinal plants of East and Southeast Asia and her assistance with the ''Flora of New Guinea' ...

- New Guinea *''

Coprosma × arcuata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' Colenso - ''C. propinqua'' × ''C. robusta'' - New Zealand North Island *''

Coprosma areolata ''Coprosma areolata'', commonly called thin-leaved coprosma, is a shrub that is native to New Zealand. ''C. areolata'' grows in wet, lowland forest and can also grow in exposed places. Coprosma is from the Greek kopros 'dung' and osme 'smell', re ...

'' Cheeseman - thin-leaved coprosma - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *'' Coprosma atropurpurea'' (Cockayne & Allan) L.B.Moore - New Zealand South Island *''

Coprosma barbata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' Utteridge - New Guinea *''

Coprosma baueri ''Coprosma baueri'' is an endangered shrub species in the plant family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New ...

'' Endl. -

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together w ...

and Phillip Island *' W.R.B.Oliv. -

Pitcairn Islands The Pitcairn Islands (; Pitkern: '), officially the Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, is a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean that form the sole British Overseas Territory in the Pacific Ocean. The four i ...

*''

Coprosma bougainvilleensis ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' Gideon -

Solomon Islands Solomon Islands is an island country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania, to the east of Papua New Guinea and north-west of Vanuatu. It has a land area of , and a population of approx. 700,000. Its ca ...

*' Merr. &

- New Guinea *''

Coprosma × buchananii ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' Kirk - ''C. crassifolia'' × ''C. robusta'' - southern New Zealand North Island *' Cockayne - Chatham Islands *' W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''

Coprosma ciliata ''Coprosma ciliata'', is a shrub in the family Rubiaceae that is endemic to New Zealand. ''C. ciliata'' is found in the South Island from Lake Brunner southwards into Fiordland mostly west of the Southern Alps The Southern Alps (; officia ...

'' Hook.f. - tree 7m tall - New Zealand, Antipodes Islands *''

Coprosma colensoi ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' Hook.f. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''

Coprosma × conferta ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' A.Cunn. - ''C. propinqua'' × ''C. robusta'' - New Zealand *' Fosberg -

Tuha'a Pae The Austral Islands (french: Îles Australes, officially ''Archipel des Australes;'' ty, Tuha'a Pae) are the southernmost group of islands in French Polynesia, an overseas country of the French Republic in the South Pacific. Geographically, th ...

*''

Coprosma cordicarpa ''Coprosma cordicarpa'', known as pilo, is a species of plant endemic to the Hawaiian island of Maui. It is locally common in high-elevation dry forests and shrublands of leeward East Maui. It can be distinguished from other Hawaiian '' Copros ...

'' Cantley, Spock-Koehler, and Chau - Maui *''

Coprosma crassifolia ''Coprosma crassifolia'', is a forest shrub native to New Zealand. It is found from the coast up to approximately 600 metres in both the North and South Island The South Island, also officially named , is the larger of the two major islands ...

'' Colenso - stiff, red-brown branches - New Zealand *''

Coprosma crenulata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description ...

'' W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''

Coprosma cuneata ''Coprosma cuneata'', is a shrub in the Rubiaceae family, native to New Zealand. ''Coprosma cuneata'' is a shrub with clusters of small dark green narrow leaves. The leaves are curved and 9-16mm by 2mm. They are widest at the tip, and have a ...

'' Hook.f. - New Zealand South Island, Stewart Island, Antipodes Islands *' Hillebr. - Northwestern Hawaiian Islands *''

Coprosma decurva ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' Heads - New Zealand *''

Coprosma depressa ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' Colenso ex Hook.f. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *' W.R.B.Oliv. -

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...

*''

Coprosma dodonaeifolia ''Coprosma dodonaeifolia'' is a species plant native to north New Zealand. The species has a chromosome number of 44. It is also closely related to '' Coprosma lucida''. References dodonaeifolia Flora of New Zealand {{Rubiaceae-s ...

'' W.R.B.Oliv. - Great Barrier Island *'' Coprosma dumosa'' (Cheeseman) G.T.Jane - New Zealand *''

Coprosma elatirioides ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' de Lange & A.S.Markey - New Zealand South Island *''

Coprosma elegans ''Coprosma elegans'' is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Coprosma'' found in New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken ...

'' Utteridge - New Guinea *' W.R.B.Oliv. - Kauai *''

Coprosma ernodeoides ''Coprosma ernodeoides'', known as black-fruited coprosma in English and or in Hawaiian, is a sprawling shrub occurring only on the islands of Maui and Hawai‘i. Description ''Coprosma ernodeoides'' is a prostrate shrub with narrow, shiny, ti ...

'' A.Gray -

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only ...

, Maui *''

Coprosma esulcata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' (F.Br.) Fosberg -

Marquesas Islands The Marquesas Islands (; french: Îles Marquises or ' or '; Marquesan: ' (North Marquesan) and ' (South Marquesan Marquesan is a collection of East-Central Polynesian dialects, of the Marquesic group, spoken in the Marquesas Islands of ...

*' W.L.Wagner & Lorence - Marquesas Islands *''

Coprosma fernandeziana ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' ined. - Robinson Crusoe Island *'' Coprosma foetidissima'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. - Stinkwood, a small New Zealand tree with foul-smelling leaves *' A.Gray - Hawaiian Islands *''

Coprosma fowerakeri ''Coprosma fowerakeri'' is a species of '' Coprosma'' found in the South Island of New Zealand described in 2003. It was previously included within '' C. pseudocuneata''. It was named after the New Zealand botanist Charles Ethelbert Foweraker ...

'' D.A.Norton & de Lange - New Zealand South Island *''

Coprosma glabrata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' J.W.Moore -

Raiatea Raiatea or Ra'iatea ( Tahitian: ''Ra‘iātea'') is the second largest of the Society Islands, after Tahiti, in French Polynesia. The island is widely regarded as the "centre" of the eastern islands in ancient Polynesia and it is likely that the ...

*''

Coprosma × gracilicaulis ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' Carse - ''C. rotundifolia'' × ''C. tenuicaulis'' - New Zealand North Island *''

Coprosma × gracilis ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' A.Cunn. - ''C. lucida'' × ''C. rhamnoides'' - New Zealand North Island *''

Coprosma grandifolia ''Coprosma autumnalis'' or C. grandifolia according to earlier Colenso authority, (In Māori: kanono or raurēkau) is a native forest shrub of New Zealand. Its widespread in both the North and South Islands, and has the largest leaves of any Ne ...

'' Hook.f. kanono, a large bush with leaves 15 cm long or more; its bark contains an orange dye - New Zealand *''

Coprosma hirtella ''Coprosma hirtella'' is a shrub in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to south-eastern Australia. It grows to about 2 metres high and has leaves that are between 15 and 50 mm long and 10 to 25 mm wide. Plants have male and female flow ...

'' Labill. -

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

, Victoria,

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

*''

Coprosma hookeri ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description ...

'' Stapf -

Sabah Sabah () is a state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah borders the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and the North Kalimantan province of Indonesia to the south. The Federal Territory ...

*''

Coprosma huttoniana ''Coprosma huttoniana'' is a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. The specific epithet honours Ian Hutton, the Lord Howe Island based naturalist who discovered the plant and recognised it as a new species. Description It is a shrub or small ...

'' P.S.Green -

Lord Howe Island Lord Howe Island (; formerly Lord Howe's Island) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the Tasman Sea between Australia and New Zealand, part of the Australian state of New South Wales. It lies directly east of mainland ...

*''

Coprosma inopinata '' Coprosma inopinata '' is a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. The specific epithet comes from the Latin ''inopinus'' (“unexpected”), because it was discovered unexpectedly in 1989, proving to be yet another species of ''Coprosma'' t ...

'' I.Hutton & P.S.Green - Lord Howe Island *''

Coprosma intertexta ''Coprosma intertexta'', is a shrub that is native to New Zealand. It occurs in the eastern South Island The South Island, also officially named , is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area, the other being the sma ...

'' G.Simpson - New Zealand South Island *' ( A.Gray) A.Heller - Kauai *''

Coprosma × kirkii ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' Cheeseman - ''C. acerosa'' × ''C. repens'' - New Zealand North Island *'' Coprosma laevigata'' Cheeseman -

Rarotonga Rarotonga is the largest and most populous of the Cook Islands. The island is volcanic, with an area of , and is home to almost 75% of the country's population, with 13,007 of a total population of 17,434. The Cook Islands' Parliament buildings a ...

*''

Coprosma lanceolaris '' Coprosma lanceolaris '' is a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. The specific epithet comes from the Latin ''lancea'' (“lance” or “spear”) with the suffix ''-aris'' (“pertaining to”), alluding to the shape of the leaves. Des ...

'' F.Muell. - Lord Howe Island *''

Coprosma linariifolia ''Coprosma linariifolia'', commonly called mikimiki or yellow wood, is a shrub or small tree that is native to New Zealand. ''C. linariifolia'' is found in lowland to montane forest and scrub from the central North Island to the bottom of the Sou ...

'' ( Hook.f.) Hook.f. - mikimiki, yellow wood - New Zealand *' A.Gray -

Oahu Oahu () ( Hawaiian: ''Oʻahu'' ()), also known as "The Gathering Place", is the third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is home to roughly one million people—over two-thirds of the population of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The island of O� ...

*'' Coprosma lucida'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. karamu, a small tree **''Coprosma lucida'' var. ''angustifolia'' Cheeseman - New Zealand North Island **''Coprosma lucida'' var. ''lucida'' - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *'' Coprosma macrocarpa'' Cheeseman large-seeded coprosma - New Zealand North Island (incl.

Three Kings Islands 3 is a number, numeral, and glyph. 3, three, or III may also refer to: * AD 3, the third year of the AD era * 3 BC, the third year before the AD era * March, the third month Books * '' Three of Them'' (Russian: ', literally, "three"), a 190 ...

) *' A.Gray - Hawaiian Islands *' W.L.Wagner & Lorence - Marquesas Islands *''

Coprosma microcarpa ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' Hook.f. - New Zealand *'' Coprosma × molokaiensis'' H.St.John - ''C. ochracea'' × ''C. ternata'' -

Molokai Molokai , or Molokai (), is the fifth most populated of the eight major islands that make up the Hawaiian Islands archipelago in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It is 38 by 10 miles (61 by 16 km) at its greatest length and width with a us ...

*' Hillebr. - Hawaii, eastern Maui *''

Coprosma moorei ''Coprosma moorei'', commonly known as blue matcurrant or turquoise coprosma, is a small, mat forming, prostrate shrub in the Rubiaceae family. It is native to highland areas of Tasmania and Eastern Victoria. Taxonomy First described by Ferd ...

'' F.Muell. ex Rodway - Tasmania, Victoria *''

Coprosma myrtifolia ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' Noronha - Java *''

Coprosma × neglecta ''Coprosma neglecta'' is a coastal shrub that is native to New Zealand. ''C. neglecta'' is found around the North Cape of New Zealand. ''Comprosma neglecta'' grows up to 50 centimetres tall and has small, circular, glossy green leaves. The pla ...

'' Cheeseman - ''C. repens'' × ''C. rhamnoides'' - New Zealand North Island *''

Coprosma nephelephila ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' J.Florence - Marquesas Islands *''

Coprosma niphophila ''Coprosma niphophila'', the creeping coprosma, is a shrub native to Australia and the south island of New Zealand. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name ...

'' Orchard - New Zealand South Island, New South Wales *''

Coprosma nitida ''Coprosma nitida'', the mountain currant or shining currant, is a shrub species endemic to south-east Australia. It is a shrub with small, glossy leaves, occasional spines on the end of its branchlets, and small bright red-orange fruits. Descr ...

'' Hook.f. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales *' W.R.B.Oliv. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales *' W.R.B.Oliv. -

Vanuatu Vanuatu ( or ; ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (french: link=no, République de Vanuatu; bi, Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is east of no ...

*'' Coprosma obconica'' Kirk **''Coprosma obconica'' subsp. ''distantia'' de Lange & R.O.Gardner - New Zealand North Island **''Coprosma obconica'' subsp. ''obconica'' - New Zealand *''

Coprosma ochracea ''Coprosma ochracea'', the Maui mirrorplant, is a shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either ...

'' W.R.B.Oliv. - Hawaiian Islands *''

Coprosma oliveri ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' Fosberg - Robinson Crusoe Island *''

Coprosma papuensis ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' W.R.B.Oliv. **''Coprosma papuensis'' subsp. ''discolor'' (P.Royen) R.O.Gardner - New Guinea **''Coprosma papuensis'' subsp. ''mopaensis'' R.O.Gardner - New Guinea **''Coprosma papuensis'' subsp. ''papuensis'' - New Guinea *'' Coprosma parviflora'' Hook.f. - Leafy Coprosma - New Zealand *''

Coprosma pedicellata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' Molly - New Zealand *''

Coprosma perpusilla ''Coprosma perpusilla'', commonly known as creeping coprosma, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in Australia, New Zealand and on some subantarctic islands. The specific epithet comes from the Latin ''per'' (v ...

'' Colenso **''Coprosma perpusilla'' subsp. ''perpusilla'' - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales, New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) **''Coprosma perpusilla'' subsp. ''subantarctica'' Orchard -

Macquarie Island Macquarie Island is an island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica. Regionally part of Oceania and politically a part of Tasmania, Australia, since 1900, it became a Tasmanian State Reserve in 19 ...

, Antipodes Islands *' A.Gray - Fiji *''

Coprosma petiolata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' Hook.f. -

Kermadec Islands The Kermadec Islands ( mi, Rangitāhua) are a subtropical island arc in the South Pacific Ocean northeast of New Zealand's North Island, and a similar distance southwest of Tonga. The islands are part of New Zealand. They are in total ...

*''

Coprosma petriei ''Coprosma petriei'', commonly mirrorplant, is a mat-forming shrub native to New Zealand. It is a hardy wind pollinated Anemophily or wind pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen is distributed by wind. Almost all gymnosperms are a ...

'' Cheeseman - mirror plant - New Zealand *''

Coprosma pilosa ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' Endl. - Norfolk Island *' W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand South Island (incl. Stewart Island) *''

Coprosma prisca ''Coprosma prisca'', commonly known as goatwood, is a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. The Latin specific epithet ''prisca'' means “old” or “ancient”, though its application to this species is unknown. Description It is a dense ...

'' W.R.B.Oliv. - Lord Howe Island *'' Coprosma propinqua'' A.Cunn. - mingimingi **''Coprosma propinqua'' var. ''latiuscula'' Allan - New Zealand ** W.R.B.Oliv. - Chatham Islands **''Coprosma propinqua'' var. '' propinqua'' - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''

Coprosma pseudociliata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' G.T.Jane - New Zealand *''

Coprosma pseudocuneata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' W.R.B.Oliv. - New Zealand *' A.Gray - Hawaiian Islands *''

Coprosma pumila ''Coprosma pumila'' is an evergreen shrub found in Australia and New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South ...

'' Hook.f. - Tasmania, Victoria *''

Coprosma putida ''Coprosma putida'', commonly known as stinkwood, is a flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae. The Latin specific epithet ''putida'' means "stinking", alluding to the stench produced when the plant is cut or bruised, including the leaves and fru ...

'' C.Moore & F.Muell. - Lord Howe Island *''

Coprosma pyrifolia ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' ( Hook. & Arn.) Skottsb. - Juan Fernández Islands *'' Coprosma quadrifida'' (Labill.) Rob. - Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales *'' Coprosma raiateensis'' J.W.Moore - Raiatea *'' Coprosma rapensis'' F.Br. - Tuha'a Pae, Pitcairn Islands *''

Coprosma repens ''Coprosma repens'' is a species of flowering shrub or small tree of the genus ''Coprosma'', in the family Rubiaceae, native to New Zealand. Common names include taupata, tree bedstraw, mirror bush, looking-glass bush, New Zealand laurel and shin ...

A.Rich. Achille Richard was a French botanist, botanical illustrator and physician (27 April 1794 in Paris – 5 October 1852). Biography Achille was the son of the botanist Louis-Claude Marie Richard (1754–1821). He was a pharmacist in the Frenc ...

- taupata, mirror plant - native to New Zealand, naturalized in Australia (Tasmania, Victoria, New South Wales,

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...

) *''

Coprosma reticulata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' J.Florence - Marquesas Islands *'' Coprosma rhamnoides'' A.Cunn. - twiggy coprosma - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *' A.Gray - Hawaii *''

Coprosma rigida ''Coprosma rigida'', is a shrub that is native to New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and ...

'' Cheeseman - New Zealand *'' Coprosma robusta'' Raoul - karamu - New Zealand, Chatham Is., naturalized in Australia (Tasmania, Victoria) *''

Coprosma rotundifolia ''Coprosma rotundifolia'' is a native forest shrub of New Zealand found on the North, South, and Stewart Islands. Description ''Coprosma rotundifolia'' can grow to a large bushy shrub of up to tall. It has small, wide-angled divaricated branc ...

'' A.Cunn. - New Zealand (incl. Stewart Island) *''

Coprosma rubra ''Coprosma rubra'' is a shrub native to New Zealand. ''Coprosma rubra'' is found in both the North and South Island The South Island, also officially named , is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand in surface area, the othe ...

'' Petrie - New Zealand *''

Coprosma rugosa ''Coprosma rugosa'', also known as the needle-leaved mountain coprosma, is a shrub in the Coffea, coffee family, Rubiaceae, that is native to New Zealand. It is found in grasslands and forest margins up to the subalpine zone. ''C. rugosa'' bear ...

'' Cheeseman - needle-leaved mountain coprosma - New Zealand, Antipodes Islands *' Rech. -

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono Island, Manono an ...

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Coprosma serrulata ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Family (biology), family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description ...

'' Hook.f. ex Buchanan - New Zealand South Island *' J.W.Moore - Raiatea *'' Coprosma spathulata'' A.Cunn. **''Coprosma spathulata'' subsp. ''hikuruana'' de Lange & Heenan - New Zealand North Island **''Coprosma spathulata'' subsp. ''spathulata'' - New Zealand North Island *' Hillebr. - Maui *''

Coprosma strigulosa ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' Lauterb. - Samoa *''

Coprosma sundana ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' Miq. - Java *''

Coprosma × tadgellii ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ...

'' W.R.B.Oliv. - ''C. nitida'' × ''C. nivalis'' - Victoria *''

Coprosma tahitensis ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' A.Gray -

Tahiti Tahiti (; Tahitian ; ; previously also known as Otaheite) is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Aust ...

, Tuha'a Pae *''

Coprosma talbrockiei ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copros ...

'' L.B.Moore & R.Mason - Victoria, New Zealand South Island *' W.L.Wagner & Lorence - Marquesas Islands *''

Coprosma tenuicaulis ''Coprosma tenuicaulis'', commonly called swamp coprosma is a native shrub of New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () a ...

'' Hook. - swamp coprosma - New Zealand *''

Coprosma tenuifolia ''Coprosma tenuifolia'', also called wavy-leaved coprosma, is a shrub or small tree that is native to New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses� ...

'' Cheeseman - wavy-leaved coprosma - New Zealand North Island *' W.R.B.Oliv. - Molokai *' Fosberg - Tuha'a Pae *''

Coprosma virescens ''Coprosma virescens'' is an endemic New Zealand plant in the genus '' Coprosma'' of the family Rubiaceae. Its Māori name (in common New Zealand usage) is mingimingi, a name which is also applied to closely related species such as '' C. dumos ...

'' Petrie - New Zealand *''

Coprosma waima ''Coprosma waima'', is a nationally endangered shrub of New Zealand. In the wild it only occurs in the Waima forest in the Northland Region. ''Coprosma waima'' grows to 1–3 metres high at altitudes of around 700 metres above sea level. Becau ...

'' A.P.Druce - New Zealand North Island *''

Coprosma waimeae ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' Wawra - Kauai *''

Coprosma wallii ''Coprosma wallii'', is a rare shrub found in New Zealand. ''Coprosma wallii'' grows to 3 metres high in a range of habitats, including alluvial Alluvium (from Latin ''alluvius'', from ''alluere'' 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, ...

'' Petrie - New Zealand South Island *''

Coprosma wollastonii ''Coprosma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, islands of the Pacific Ocean to Australia and the Juan Fernández Islands. Description The name ''Copro ...

'' Wernham **''Coprosma wollastonii'' var. ''epiphytica'' (P.Royen) R.O.Gardner - New Guinea **''Coprosma wollastonii'' var. ''novoguineensis'' ( Merr. &

) R.O.Gardner - New Guinea **''Coprosma wollastonii'' var. ''wollastonii'' - Sulawesi, New Guinea

References

External links

''Coprosma'' in the World Checklist of Rubiaceae

''Coprosma'' specimens and botanical drawings in the collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa

Entry in Te Ara: An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, 1966

Coprosma description: Landcare Research
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2578865 Anthospermeae Rubiaceae genera Dioecious plants