''Panaeolus bisporus'', also known as Copelandia bisporus is a rare and widely distributed little brown mushroom that bruises blue and contains the psychedelic compound

psilocybin Psilocybin, also known as 4-phosphoryloxy-''N'',''N''-dimethyltryptamine (4-PO-DMT), is a natural product, naturally occurring tryptamine alkaloid and Investigational New Drug, investigational drug found in more than List of psilocybin mushroom ...

. This mushroom is similar macroscopically to '' Panaeolus tropicalis'', '' Panaeolus cambodginiensis'' and ''

Panaeolus cyanescens ''Panaeolus cyanescens'', commonly known as the blue-staining panaeolus, is a mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family. It is a common psychoactive mushroom. Description The cap is across, dry, at first hemispheric, expanding to campanulate or c ...

'', but can be differentiated using a microscope by its two spored basidia.

Description

This is a little brown mushroom that grows on dung and has black spores. It has been found in

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; ) is an island U.S. state, state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland. One of the two Non-contiguous United States, non-contiguous U.S. states (along with Alaska), it is the only sta ...

Southern California Southern California (commonly shortened to SoCal) is a geographic and Cultural area, cultural List of regions of California, region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of California. Its densely populated coastal reg ...

North Africa North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region. However, it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of t ...

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

and

Switzerland Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland ...

. The cap is 15-30 mm tan to gray fading to black sometimes when covered with spores and with a defined ring zone somewhat globe shaped or bell shaped to convex, hardly expanding, margin often torn and pedaled, smooth not viscid, and slightly wrinkled and pitted with age. Dark grey-brown drying whitish. The gills are adnexed or narrowly attachedtightly packed, mottled gray to jet black, white edges. The stem is white, fibrous, 65-120 mm long 2-3 mm thick, hollow, translucent gray, bruising heavily blue where bruised. It produces spores that are jet black, elliptical, 12-14 x 8-10 x 6-7.5 μm smooth and opaque, elongated with germ pore straight off the end. Microscopic features are 2

spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual reproduction, sexual (in fungi) or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for biological dispersal, dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores fo ...

d basidia 18 - 23 × 8-10 μm, cheilocystidia are bottle shaped and clear 20-30 μm, metuloids with yellow brown walls 40-55 × 12-15 μm some with excreted crystals. Its habitat are

saprotrophic Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi ...

grasses Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in ...

References

External links

Mushroom Observer - Panaeolus bisporus

Panaeolus bisporus photo
{{DEFAULTSORT:Panaeolus bisporus bisporus Psychoactive fungi Psychedelic tryptamine carriers Fungi of Hawaii Fungi of Africa Fungi of North America Fungi of Europe Fungi without expected TNC conservation status Fungus species

Description

See also

References

External links