Cooley High

''Cooley High'' is a 1975 American independent coming-of-age comedy-drama film that follows the narrative of two high school seniors and best friends, Leroy "Preach" Jackson (Glynn Turman) and Richard "Cochise" Morris ( Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs). Written by Eric Monte and directed by Michael Schultz, the film, primarily shot in Chicago, was a major hit at the box office, grossing over $13 million (USD). The light-hearted-turned-tragic storyline was complemented by a soundtrack featuring many Motown hits.

In a 40th-year retrospective by ''NPR'' in 2015, ''Cooley High'' was called a "classic of black cinema" and "a touchstone for filmmakers like John Singleton and Spike Lee." In 2021, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Plot

In 1964 Chicago, Leroy "Preach" Jackson and his best friend, Richard "Cochise" Morris, are in the final weeks of their senior year at Cooley Vocational High School in the Near North Side. They both sneak out of class one Friday and spend the rest of the day at Lincoln Park Zoo with two of their friends, Pooter and Willie. After catching the L train back to school, the gang goes to Martha's, a local soul food hangout, where Preach meets and falls in love with fellow classmate Brenda while shooting craps with neighborhood hoodlums Stone and Robert. Cochise and Preach make a dollar bet on whether Preach can get Brenda into bed, after which Preach gets kicked out by a cleaver-wielding Martha for gambling.

When Cochise gets home from Martha's, he gets a letter in the mail from Grambling State University informing him that he has received a basketball scholarship from their athletic department. That night, Cochise, Preach, Pooter, Willie, and another friend, Tyrone, attend a quarter party hosted by Tyrone's girlfriend, Dorothy, at her apartment. Brenda is also in attendance, but she rejects Preach when he tries to woo her and retreats to Dorothy's mother's bedroom. The two of them end up bonding over a mutual interest in poetry during a slow dance. Meanwhile, Cochise gets into a fistfight with hotheaded classmate Damon after he catches him kissing his girlfriend, Loretta, and the fight accidentally trashes Dorothy's apartment and ultimately ends the party.

After Dorothy's party, the boys go to Martha's, at which point Stone and Robert pull up in a Cadillac Coupe de Ville and convince Preach and Cochise to get in with them. Unbeknownst to Preach and Cochise, the Cadillac is a stolen one, and Stone lets Preach drive after he brags about being such a good driver. The four end up speeding through downtown Chicago and get into a high-speed chase with police at a Navy Pier warehouse after Preach runs a red light. They manage to evade the police, but not after Preach accidentally rear ends a parked car with the occupants still inside, causing the four to flee in opposite directions before the police arrive.

On Saturday, Preach and Cochise go to the movies with their friends, during which a huge fight erupts after Pooter accidentally steps on a man's foot while trying to get to his seat. On Sunday, Preach and Brenda make love after spending a romantic day together. However, Preach reveals the dollar bet he made with Cochise, causing Brenda to leave Preach's house in anger. On Monday, Preach and Cochise are scheduled to take a history midterm, but they are arrested right before the midterm for their joyride in the Cadillac that Stone and Robert stole. While being questioned, Mr. Mason, the boys' history teacher, persuades one of the detectives, a close friend, to let them go because of their clean records. Stone and Robert, however, remain in jail due to them being repeat offenders. After Preach and Cochise are released, Stone and Robert wrongly assume that they snitched on them.

A few days later, Preach discovers that Mr. Mason got him and Cochise out of jail, and he sets off to find Cochise to tell him the news. Preach runs into Cochise's cousin, Jimmy Lee, who takes him to Cochise's apartment. There, Preach finds Cochise with his ex-girlfriend, Sandra, who Preach cheated on with Brenda. Preach becomes angry and retreats to Martha's, where he sees Brenda there and apologizes for what happened between them. However, Damon is there, and Stone and Robert also show up shortly after being released from jail that morning. Still believing Preach and Cochise snitched on them, Stone and Robert chase Preach through Martha's. Preach locks himself in Martha's occupied bathroom while Martha intervenes and kicks Stone and Robert out with her meat cleaver. Preach tries to sneak out the side door, but is spotted by the pair who are waiting for him outside with Damon, and a chase ensues.

After evading the trio, Preach meets up with Brenda on the L train, where she informs him that Cochise went to Martha's looking for him. Preach immediately gets off the train to find him. Stone, Robert and Damon ultimately find Cochise under the L train tracks and beat him so severely that he dies. Upon realizing that Cochise is dead, Stone, Robert and Damon flee. Preach frantically searches for Cochise before discovering his lifeless body, his cries for help drowned out by an L train passing above.

At Cochise's funeral, Preach watches the burial from afar and goes to Cochise's casket for a personal farewell after the mourners have departed. Toasting absent friends, Preach drinks from a wine bottle and recites a poem he wrote for Cochise. After promising Cochise that he and their friends will all be fine, Preach runs away from the cemetery feeling confident in his future.

The epilogue of the film reveals that Preach moved to Hollywood after graduation and became a successful screenwriter; Stone and Robert were killed in 1966 during a gas station holdup; Brenda became a librarian in Atlanta, got married, and had three children; Damon joined the Army and became a sergeant stationed in Europe; Pooter became a factory worker in Muncie, Indiana; and Tyrone was killed at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago during an outbreak of racial violence.

Cast

Background

Monte based the film on his experiences attending the real-life Cooley Vocational High School (which closed in 1979) that served students from the Cabrini–Green public housing project on Chicago's north side. While the film was set in and around Cabrini–Green, it was primarily filmed at another Chicago-area housing project. Monte has said that he wrote the film to dispel myths about growing up in the projects: "I grew up in the Cabrini–Green housing project and I had one of the best times of my life, the most fun you can have while inhaling and exhaling".

Production

The movie was filmed from October through November 1974 in Chicago, Illinois. Some scenes include other areas of Chicago such as Navy Pier and the Gold Coast area but primarily in and around the Cabrini-Green housing project on the near-north side. Interior school scenes were shot at Chicago's Providence St. Mel High School.

Soundtrack

The soundtrack of ''Cooley High'', produced and arranged by Freddie Perren, features numerous songs by artists belonging to the Motown record label, as well as instrumental compositions written by Perren. It also features the original song " It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday", written by Perren and Christine Yarian and performed by G. C. Cameron for the film.

Track listing

Influence

''Cooley High'' is seen as "changing the landscape" for black people in film, with its humane focus on the dreams of young inner-city black men, according to actor and film director Robert Townsend, who got his start in film with a one-line walk-on role in ''Cooley High.'' Screenwriter and producer Larry Karaszewski holds that the film is also one of the great movies about real friendship, with outstanding performances by the male leads. Boyz II Men named their debut album ''Cooleyhighharmony'' which featured a version of "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye to Yesterday" from the ''Cooley High'' soundtrack. The 1991 movie ''Boyz n the Hood'' was influenced by ''Cooley High''.

During the 40th anniversary of the film's release, National Public Radio published a story that discussed some of the fondest memories that the cast and crew shared of the film's production. Actor Sherman Smith, now using the professional name Rick Stone, who played the character of Stone in the film, recalled how he was approached by producers of the film while playing basketball one day. The crew members were looking for realistic gang members to be a part of the cast, so after being tipped off by police, producers offered Stone and his sidekick Norman Gibson, who played the character of Robert in the film, a role in the movie.

During this interview, screenwriter Eric Monte revealed that Cochise's untimely death in the film was inspired by a childhood friend of his who had been killed in a similar manner. Just as Preach headed to Hollywood after the death of Cochise, Monte reveals that after his friend was murdered, he hitchhiked his way to the west coast where he began working for shows such as ''Good Times'' and ''The Jeffersons''. Unfortunately, not everyone from the film went on to live a life of success. Nearly two years after the film's release, Norman Gibson was gunned down outside of his neighborhood.

Reception and legacy

''Cooley High'' was a critical and commercial success. Produced on a $750,000 budget, the film grossed $13 million at the domestic box office, making it one of the top 30 highest-grossing films of 1975.

Jack Slater of ''The New York Times'' was positive, writing, "To be black and to watch 'Cooley High' is to see one's vanished innocence—and beauty." Slater acknowledged that the movie was being hailed as "a black ''American Graffiti''" but he thought ''Cooley High'' had "far more vitality and variety" than that film. Gene Siskel of the ''Chicago Tribune'' gave the film 3.5 stars out of 4 and wrote that the opening 10 minutes "leave you with the impression that 'Cooley High' is going to be nothing more than a series of routine and unfunny gags. But then the film's magic begins to work, and 'Cooley High' turns into a beguiling story that's affecting, lasting, and worth seeing more than once."

Arthur D. Murphy of '' Variety'' called it "a heartening comedy drama" with "a fine cast of young players" that were "well directed by Michael Schultz", adding that "you don't have to be black to enjoy it immensely." Kevin Thomas of the ''Los Angeles Times'' called it "a landmark movie, one of the year's most important and heartening pictures, that shows what the black film can be when creative talents are given an opportunity free of the strong sex and violence requirements of the exploitation formulae."

Jacqueline Trescott of ''The Washington Post'' was not so impressed, calling the film's nostalgia "deja vu and hackneyed, antiseptic even." She found several comic scenes to be " ll-executed ... But these passages still lack a distinctive look and enough fire to raise 'Cooley' above the mediocre mark." Reviewing ''Cooley High'' for ''The Monthly Film Bulletin'' in 1977, Jonathan Rosenbaum said that "Michael Schultz's first feature can be viewed with hindsight as the promising debut of a very talented director, intermittently doing what he can with an uneven and somewhat routine script."

The film holds an 88% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on reviews from 17 critics. Filmmaker Spike Lee included the film on his essential film list entitled ''List of Films All Aspiring Filmmakers Must See''. The movie also ranked #23 on ''Entertainment Weekly''s list of the 50 Best High School Movies. Metacritic gave the film a score of 72 based in 8 reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews.

Television adaptation

ABC planned a television adaptation of ''Cooley High'', but the pilot was poorly received, and Fred Silverman, the head of the network, asked the pilot's producers, TOY Productions, to redo the show as a sitcom with new characters and with a new title so as not to confuse it with Monte's film ''Cooley High''. New writers were hired, cast changes made, and a switch from one-camera to three-camera filming delivered ''What's Happening!!'' to the network, where it ran from August 5, 1976, to April 28, 1979. The show and the production company were then purchased by Columbia Pictures Television in 1979 and ran in syndication for a number of years.

Home media release and possible remake

Released on VHS in 1991 and 1994 by Orion Home Video

In 2000, ''Cooley High'' was released on DVD. The Criterion Collection released the film on Blu-ray on December 13, 2022.

On July 19, 2016, it was reported that MGM was developing a remake of 1975 film ''Cooley High'', with DeVon Franklin, Common and Tony Krantz. Seth Rosenfeld would write the screenplay.

See also

* List of American films of 1975
* ''What's Happening Now!!''
* List of hood films

References

External links

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{{Chicago Public Schools

1975 films
1970s coming-of-age comedy-drama films
1970s teen comedy-drama films
African-American films
American coming-of-age comedy-drama films
American high school films
American International Pictures films
American teen comedy-drama films
American teen romance films
1970s English-language films
Films adapted into television shows
Films directed by Michael Schultz
Films set in 1964
Films set in Chicago
Films shot in Chicago
Films produced by Steve Krantz
Teensploitation
United States National Film Registry films
1970s American films
1975 comedy-drama films
English-language comedy-drama films
American independent films
1975 independent films