Convoy HX 231 was the 231st of the numbered series of
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
HX convoys
HX convoys were transatlantic convoys in the North Atlantic during the First World War and in the Battle of the Atlantic in the Second World War. HX convoys sailed eastwards from Halifax, Nova Scotia in Canada, to Liverpool and other ports in Br ...
of merchant ships from
HalifaX to
Liverpool
Liverpool is a port City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. It is situated on the eastern side of the River Mersey, Mersey Estuary, near the Irish Sea, north-west of London. With a population ...
. The ships departed
New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
on 25 March 1943 and were met on 31 March by
Mid-Ocean Escort Force Group
B-7. The convoy was found on 4 April and attacked by eleven
U-boat
U-boats are Submarine#Military, naval submarines operated by Germany, including during the World War I, First and Second World Wars. The term is an Anglicization#Loanwords, anglicized form of the German word , a shortening of (), though the G ...
s of the
1st
First most commonly refers to:
* First, the ordinal form of the number 1
First or 1st may also refer to:
Acronyms
* Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters, an astronomical survey carried out by the Very Large Array
* Far Infrared a ...
,
3rd,
6th and
10th U-boat flotillas, from
Brest,
La Rochelle
La Rochelle (, , ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''La Rochéle'') is a city on the west coast of France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the Charente-Maritime Departments of France, department. Wi ...
,
St Nazaire
Saint-Nazaire (; ; ) is a commune in the Loire-Atlantique department in western France, in traditional Brittany.
The town has a major harbour on the right bank of the Loire estuary, near the Atlantic Ocean. The town is at the south of the seco ...
and
Lorient
Lorient (; ) is a town (''Communes of France, commune'') and Port, seaport in the Morbihan Departments of France, department of Brittany (administrative region), Brittany in western France.
History
Prehistory and classical antiquity
Beginn ...
, respectively. These U-boats formed wolfpack (Lionheart). The U-boats sank six ships before losing contact on 7 April. Two U-boats, and , were sunk. The convoy reached Liverpool on 10 April.
Ships in the convoy
References
Bibliography
*
Further reading
*
*
External links
* {{cite web , url= http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html?hx.php?convoy=231!~hxmain , last=Hague , first=Arnold , title=Convoy HX.231 , work=HX Convoy Series , publisher=Don Kindell, Convoyweb
HX231
Naval battles of World War II involving Canada