The Convention of Gramido was an agreement signed on 29 June 1847, in the Casa Branca (White House) of Gramido, in

Valbom Valbom is a small village and a former civil parish in the municipality of Gondomar, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Gondomar (São Cosme), Valbom e Jovim. It has about 15,000 residents. It was elevated to city status on 9 ...

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

. It marked the conclusion of the

Patuleia

The Patuleia, Guerra da Patuleia, or Little Civil War was a civil w ...

, a civil war between the Septembrists and the Cartistas. The Convention was signed by the commanders of the

Spanish Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many countries in the Americas **Spanish cuisine **Spanish history **Spanish culture ...

and

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

forces acting under the

Quadruple Alliance Quadruple Alliance may refer to: * The 1718 alliance between Austria, France, the Netherlands, and Great Britain during the War of the Quadruple Alliance * The alliance between Great Britain, Austria, the Netherlands, and Saxony in the Treaty of Wa ...

, the representative of the Portuguese government in

Lisbon Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ...

, and representatives from the Junta in

Porto Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...

. The agreement ended the conflict on terms that, while conciliatory in tone, solidified the Cartistas' victory and strengthened the position of

Queen Maria II Dona Maria II (Maria da Glória Joana Carlota Leopoldina da Cruz Francisca Xavier de Paula Isidora Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga de Habsburgo-Lorena e Bragança; 4 April 1819 – 15 November 1853) also known as "the Educator" () or as ...

's government.

The agreement

The Convention was signed by representatives from the warring parties and allied powers. Lieutenant General Manuel de la Concha and Colonel Buenaga represented Spain, while Colonel Wilde acted on behalf of the United Kingdom. The Portuguese government was represented by the

Marquis of Loulé A marquess (; ) is a nobleman of high hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies. The German-language equivalent is Markgraf (margrave). A woman with the rank of a marquess or the wife (or widow) ...

and the Junta of Porto by General César de Vasconcelos. The agreement established several provisions to ensure peace and stability. The cities of Porto and

Vila Nova de Gaia Vila Nova de Gaia (; ), or simply Gaia, is a city and a municipality in Porto District in Norte Region, Portugal, Norte Region, Portugal. It is located south of the city of Porto on the other side of the Douro River. The city proper had a populati ...

were to be temporarily occupied by Spanish troops to ensure stability, with British forces stationed at strategic points such as the Fort São João Baptista da Foz and allied warships stationed in the

Douro River The Douro (, , , ; ; ) is the largest river of the Iberian Peninsula by discharge. It rises near Duruelo de la Sierra in the Spanish province of Soria, meanders briefly south, then flows generally west through the northern part of the Meseta ...

. The allied powers guaranteed the safety and property of Porto's residents and promised honorable treatment for the defeated Junta’s officers, allowing them to retain their personal weapons and horses. Soldiers were permitted to return to their hometowns without reprisals, and freedom of movement was granted to those wishing to leave or return to Portugal. Captured weapons were surrendered peacefully, and the Allies committed to advocating for improved conditions for former Royalist army officers.

Consequences

The Convention ended the civil war and restored order in northern Portugal. Despite its conciliatory tone, resentment persisted among Queen Maria II and her supporters toward the defeated Septembrists. This resentment led to punitive actions against the opposition, fostering political instability that contributed to the outbreak of the

Regeneration Regeneration may refer to: Science and technology * Regeneration (biology), the ability to recreate lost or damaged cells, tissues, organs and limbs * Regeneration (ecology), the ability of ecosystems to regenerate biomass, using photosynthesis ...

(Regeneração) in 1851.

Casa Branca

The Casa Branca of Gramido, where the Convention was signed was acquired by the municipality of Gondomar in 1989 and restored in the 1990s. In 2014, it served as an interactive tourism office with exhibitions and in in 2023, it became the home of the Municipal Filigree Museum (Museu Municipal da Filigrana), showcasing the region's

filigree Filigree (also less commonly spelled ''filagree'', and formerly written ''filigrann'' or ''filigrene'') is a form of intricate metalwork used in jewellery and other small forms of metalwork. In jewellery, it is usually of gold and silver, m ...

tradition.

External links

The Convention of Gramido
– A full transcription of the treaty by Gondomar's archive.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Convention Of Gramido 1847 in Portugal 1847 treaties Gramido Peace treaties of Portugal Gondomar, Portugal