Conus Quercinus
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''Conus quercinus'', common names the oak cone or the yellow cone, is a species of
sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...
, a marine
gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...
mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000  extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...
in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Bouchet, P. (2015). Conus quercinus ightfoot 1786. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G.; Bank, R.A.; Bieler, R. (2015) MolluscaBase. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=215439 on 2015-05-19 Like all species within the genus ''Conus'', these snails are
predatory Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...
and
venomous Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a sti ...
. They are capable of
stinging Sting may refer to: * Stinger or sting, a structure of an animal to inject venom, or the injury produced by a stinger * Irritating hairs or prickles of a stinging plant, or the plant itself Fictional characters and entities * Sting (Middle-ear ...
humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.


Description

The size of the shell varies between 35 mm and 140 mm. The shell has a lemon-yellow color, with numerous fine, rather close, chestnut revolving lines. In old specimens the revolving lines become obsolete. The
spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...
is rather elevated, with a concave outline. The shoulder of the
body whorl The body whorl is part of the morphology (biology), morphology of the gastropod shell, shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk ...
is obtusely angulated.G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences
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Distribution

This species occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific including Hawaii, Republic of the Marshall Islands, French Polynesia, Fiji, New Caledonia, in the
Red Sea The Red Sea is a sea inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Its connection to the ocean is in the south, through the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and the Gulf of Aden. To its north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and th ...
, in the Indian Ocean off
Aldabra Aldabra, the world's second-largest coral atoll (the largest is Kiritimati), is located east of the continent of Africa. It is part of the Aldabra Group of islands in the Indian Ocean that are part of the Outer Islands (Seychelles), Outer Islands ...
,
Chagos The Chagos Archipelago (, ) or Chagos Islands (formerly , and later the Oil Islands) is a group of seven atolls comprising more than 60 islands in the Indian Ocean about south of the Maldives archipelago. This chain of islands is the southernmo ...
, the Mascarene Basin,
Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...
and
Mauritius Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island (also called Mauritius), as well as Rodrigues, Ag ...
; off Eastern India, the tropical Indo-West Pacific and off
Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
(Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia).


References

* Lightfoot, J. 1786. ''A catalogue of the Portland Museum'', lately the property of the Duchess Dowager of Portland: deceased which will be sold by auction, by Mr. Skinner and Co., etc. London viii, 194 pp. + 44 pp. * Gmelin J.F. 1791. ''Caroli a Linné. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis.'' Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer Vermes. Vol. 1(Part 6) pp. 3021–3910 * Bruguière, M. 1792. ''Encyclopédie Méthodique ou par ordre de matières. Histoire naturelle des vers.'' Paris : Panckoucke Vol. 1 i-xviii, 757 pp. * Link, H.F. 1817. ''Beschreibung der Naturalien Sammlung der Universität zu Rostock.'' Rostock : Alders Erben Vol. 2 99 pp. * Sowerby, G.B. (2nd) 1858. ''Thesaurus Conchyliorum. Vol. 54'' pl. 11, figs. 239–240. * Sowerby, G.B. (3rd) 1887. T''hesaurus Conchyliorum. Supplements to the Monograph of Conus and Voluta. Vol. 5'' 249–279, pls 29–36. * Sowerby, G.B. (3rd) 1914. ''Descriptions of new mollusca from New Caledonia, Japan, Philippines, China and West Africa.'' Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8 14: 475-480 * Shaw, H.O.N. 1915. ''Descriptions of colour varieties of Conus quercinus Hwass, and Cypraea lamarkii Gray.'' Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 11(4): 210 * Fenaux 1942. ''Nouvelles espèces du genre Conus''. Bulletin de l'Institut Océanographique Monaco 814: 1-4 * Demond, J. 1957. ''Micronesian reef associated gastropods.'' Pacific Science 11(3): 275–341, fig. 2, pl. 1. * Garrard, T.A. 1966. ''New species of Mollusca from Eastern Australia (Part 2) with notes on some known species.'' Journal of Malacological Society of Australia 10: 3-12 * Wilson, B.R. & Gillett, K. 1971. ''Australian Shells: illustrating and describing 600 species of marine gastropods found in Australian waters.'' Sydney : Reed Books 168 pp. * Salvat, B. & Rives, C. 1975. ''Coquillages de Polynésie. Tahiti'' : Papeete les editions du pacifique, pp. 1–391. * Cernohorsky, W.O. 1978. ''Tropical Pacific marine shells.'' Sydney : Pacific Publications 352 pp., 68 pls. * Kay, E.A. 1979. ''Hawaiian Marine Shells. Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section 4 : Mollusca.'' Honolulu, Hawaii : Bishop Museum Press Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication Vol. 64(4) 653 pp. * Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1987). ''Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice'', Collection Les Beautés de la Nature. Delachaux et Niestlé: Neuchâtel. . 159 pp. * Wilson, B. 1994. ''Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods''. Kallaroo, WA : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 2 370 pp. * Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. ''Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region.'' Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp. * Filmer R.M. (2001). ''A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998''. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp. * Tucker J.K. (2009). ''Recent cone species database''. 4 September 2009 Edition. * Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) ''Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods''. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp. * Petit R.E. (2009) ''George Brettingham Sowerby, I, II & III: their conchological publications and molluscan taxa''. Zootaxa 2189: 1–218. * Severns M. (2011) ''Shells of the Hawaiian Islands - The Sea Shells.'' Conchbooks, Hackenheim. 564 pp.
Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). ''One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails''. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23
File:Conus quercinus 1.jpg, ''Conus quercinus'' Solander in Lightfoot, J., 1786 File:Conus quercinus 2-2.jpg, ''Conus quercinus'' Solander in Lightfoot, J., 1786 File:Conus quercinus 3.jpg, ''Conus quercinus'' Solander in Lightfoot, J., 1786 File:Conus quercinus 4.jpg, ''Conus quercinus'' Solander in Lightfoot, J., 1786


External links


The ''Conus'' Biodiversity websiteCone Shells - Knights of the Sea
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Conus Quercinus quercinus Gastropods described in 1786