Contributing To Wikipedia

This page provides information and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit Wikipedia. If you just want help with searching and browsing the encyclopedia, see Help:Navigation. If you want to contribute financially, see the donation page.

Wikipedia's purpose

Our purpose is to create a web-based, free content encyclopedia of all branches of knowledge, in an atmosphere of mutual respect and cooperation. The goal of a Wikipedia article is to create a comprehensive and neutrally written summary of existing mainstream knowledge about a topic. Editors are encouraged to '' be bold'' in editing in a fair and accurate manner with a straightforward, '' just-the-facts style''. Articles should have an encyclopedic style with a formal tone instead of essay-like, argumentative, promotional, or opinionated writing. The five pillars is a popular summary of the most pertinent Wikipedia principles.

Getting started

As a new editor, also known as a contributor, you may feel a little overwhelmed by the sheer size and scope of this project called Wikipedia. Don't worry too much if you don't understand everything at first, as it is acceptable to use common sense as you go about editing. Wikipedia not only allows you to create, revise, and edit articles, but it wants you to do so. You just need to remember that you can't break Wikipedia and although there are many protocols, perfection is not required, as Wikipedia is a work in progress. Collaborative editing means that incomplete or poorly written first drafts can evolve over time into excellent articles.

Introductions and tutorials

:''For a listing of introductions and tutorials by topic, see: Help:Getting started''

To achieve our goals, a wide range of how-to and information pages are made available. Aside from this page, there are some other introductions (tutorials) to the project. The module introduction is a step-by-step guide explaining what this place is all about and how to contribute. The Wikipedia Adventure is a comprehensive 7-mission interactive guided tour, which covers all the essentials about editing and the expectations and norms of the Wikipedia community. For an extensive textbook see Help: Wikipedia: The Missing Manual.

Creating an account

You do not have to log in to read Wikipedia. You do not even have to log in to edit articles on Wikipedia. Just about anyone can edit almost any article at any given time, even without logging in. However, creating an account is free of charge and has several benefits (for example, the ability to create pages, upload media and edit without one's IP address being visible to the public). To create an account in seconds, click Create account and fill out the few required fields. This will be logged, your account will be created, and you will be provided with a link back to this page.

Community protocols and conventions

:''Policy and Guideline: Wikipedia:Civility and Wikipedia:Etiquette''
:''How to pages: Help:Introduction to policies and guidelines and Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset''

Wikipedia does not employ hard-and-fast rules, and there is no need to read any page before editing. However, some standards and behavioural expectations may be enforced. General social norms should be followed by all Wikipedia editors. The Wikipedia community is made up of people from different countries and cultures, with different views, perspectives, opinions, and backgrounds, sometimes varying widely. Editors should treat each other respectfully, work together collegially, and avoid behaviour that would be widely seen as unacceptable, disruptive, tendentious" are those that are considered to be of fairly high quality, having undergone a similar but less rigorous review process to meet the good article criteria. The symbol () in the top right corner of a page indicates "good article" status.

Some of Wikipedia's most important topics are listed at Wikipedia:Vital articles. You can look at the table of contents on that page to choose a subject category you know about or are interested in. Choose an article, try to improve it so it matches the good article criteria or even better yet the featured article criteria, which provide models for ideal content and structure. An important way you can help is by creating requested articles.

How to edit

:'' Introductions: Editing with VisualEditor and Editing with wiki markup''

Editing most Wikipedia pages is relatively simple. Wikipedia uses two methods of editing: classic editing through wiki markup (wikitext) and through a newer VisualEditor (VE). Wiki markup editing is chosen by clicking the Edit tab at the top of a Wikipedia page (or on a section-edit link – if these links are missing, click the Edit tab and remove the code __NOEDITSECTION__). This will take you to a new page with a text box containing the editable text of the page you were viewing. In this box, you can type in the text that you want to add, using wiki markup to format the text and add other elements like images and tables. You should then press the Show preview button to review your contributions for any errors. When you have finished editing, you should write a short edit summary in the small field below the edit box describing your changes before you press the Publish changes button. This will help others to understand the intention of your edit. To avoid accidentally leaving edit summaries blank, you can select "Prompt me when entering a blank edit summary" on the Editing tab of your personal preferences.

The VisualEditor option is intended as a user-friendly, "What You See Is What You Get" (WYSIWYG) editor, allowing one to edit pages without the need to learn wikitext markup. Logged-in users can opt in through personal preferences, see the VisualEditor user guide for more information. Anonymous editors get the classic editor by default, but can switch.

File:How to edit a page Edit box.png, alt=Text in a large rectangle below two toolbars and next to a scrollbar., Edit box showing the wiki markup. You can change the formatting and contents of the page by changing what is written in this box.
File:Wikipedia article in VisualEditor 2018-02-12.png, alt=, Screenshot showing the same article in VisualEditor. Unlike the wiki markup display, VisualEditor will show the text being edited almost as if it were already published.

Some pages are protected from direct editing, at differing levels of restriction. The three chief types, in order from most to least common, are:
* Semi-protected pages, which cannot be edited directly by unregistered users (IP addresses), as well as accounts that are not autoconfirmed (accounts that are at least four days old and have made at least ten edits to Wikipedia), or that are not confirmed. This is normal for pages which would otherwise be vandalized particularly frequently.
* Extended confirmed-protected pages, also known as 30/500 protection, which only allows direct edits by editors with the extended confirmed user access level, granted automatically to registered users with at least 30 days tenure and 500 edits. Articles about major, contentious events are likely to get this protection level for a short period.
* Fully-protected pages, which can only be edited directly by administrators. It is very unusual for an article to need this level of protection, but you can see it on key internal pages like the citation system.

When you are subject to any of these three levels of protection, you will see a View source tab instead of an Edit tab. You can still seek changes to these pages, by submitting an " edit request" – a user with the ability to edit the protected page will respond to your request. You can submit a request by clicking on the View source tab on that page and using the "Submit an edit request" link at the bottom right. See Help:Protection for more information.

Documenting sources

:''Guideline pages: Wikipedia:Citing sources and Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts ''
:'' Introductions: Help:Introduction to referencing (wiki markup) and Help:Introduction to referencing (VisualEditor)''
:'' How to pages: Help:Footnotes and Help:Find sources ''

This is an encyclopedia, so remember that it's a necessity to include references listing reliable websites, newspapers, articles, books and other sources you have used to write or expand articles. Please understand that these sources should verify the information but you must not copy and paste text you find anywhere, except for short quotations, marked as such with quote marks and carefully cited to the source the quote was taken from. New articles and statements added to existing articles may be deleted by others if unreferenced or referenced poorly or if they are copyright violations.

Generally, sources are added directly after the facts they support at the end of the sentence and after any punctuation. Wikipedia permits editors to use any citation system that allows the reader to understand where the information came from, and strongly encourages use of inline citations to do so. Common methods of placing inline citations include footnotes, shortened footnotes and parenthetical references.

Inline citations are most commonly placed by inserting a reference between tags, directly in the text of an article. After publishing changes, it will ''display'' in the article as a footnote (e.g. ^/sup>), and the source you keyed in will appear on the page in a collated, numbered list corresponding to the footnote numbers in the text, wherever a template or tag is present, usually in a section titled "References" or "Notes". If you are creating a new page or adding references to a page that didn't previously have any, don't forget to add a references section with this display markup.

There are a number of tools available to help with citation placement and formatting, some of which are internal tools and scripts, while others are available from external sites. For an example of the former, RefToolbar is a JavaScript toolbar displayed above the edit box that provides the ability to automatically fill out various citation templates and insert them in the text already formatting inside ... tags. For an example of the latter, th
Wikipedia DOI and Google Books Citation Maker
converts a digital object identifier (DOI) or Google Books address (URL) into a filled-out or template ready to be pasted into an article. See Help:Citation tools for many others.

At the moment, there are over articles that have statements that need citations. The too
Citation Hunt
makes referencing those statements easier by suggesting random articles which you can work on. Practice adding references to Wikipedia by helping us solve a "Citation needed":

Markup, formatting, and layout

:''Guideline pages: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout and Wikipedia:Styletips''
:''How to pages: Help:Wiki markup, Help:Cheatsheet and Help:HTML in wikitext''
Complicated articles may be best modeled on the layout of an existing article of appropriate structure and topic. Wiki markup is the syntax and keywords used by the MediaWiki software to format a page. Wiki markup is used extensively throughout Wikipedia for such things as hyperlinks, tables and columns, footnotes, inline citation, special characters and so on. An "edit toolbar" (''as pictured below'') is provided just above the edit box, which will allow logged in users (by selecting the option in personal preferences) to automatically place and format various aspects of wiki code. Many HTML tags can be used in wiki markup. You can check your HTML by using markup validation.

Article creation and notability

Before starting a new article, please read and try to understand Wikipedia's notability requirements. In short, the topic of an article must have already been the subject of publication in reliable sources, such as books published by major publishing houses, newspapers, magazines, peer-reviewed scholarly journals and websites that meet the same requirements as reputable print-based sources. Information on Wikipedia must be verifiable; if no reliable third-party sources can be found on a topic, then it should not have a separate article. Wikipedia's concept of notability applies this basic standard to avoid indiscriminate inclusion of topics.

An Article Wizard is available to help you create articles — it is not required but will help you construct better articles. The ability to create articles directly in mainspace is now restricted to autoconfirmed users , though non-confirmed can submit a proposed article through the Articles for Creation process, where it will be reviewed and considered for publication. Before creating an article, please Wikipedia:Searching, search Wikipedia first to make sure that an article does not ''already exist'' on the subject, and please also review the Wikipedia:Article titles, article titling policy for guidance of what to name the article. Further information is provided at Wikipedia:Your first article and Wikipedia:How to write a great article, and please consider taking a tour through the Wikipedia:Tutorial so that you know how to properly format the article's content before creation.

Renaming and page deletion

Wikipedia pages can be renamed by ''moving the page'' to a new title. This is done by clicking on the Move tab at the top of the page (you need to be registered and an WP:AUTOCONFIRM, 'autoconfirmed' user to be able to do this). Before you do so, please carefully review Wikipedia:Moving a page#Before moving a page, this checklist of things to consider before a page move. The main principles for choosing an article title are described at Wikipedia:Article titles. Do not move or rename a page by copying and pasting its content to a different title. Doing so fragments the Wikipedia:Edit history, edit history and Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia, Wikipedia's copyright licenses requires attribution of all contributors. You may not always be able to move a page yourself and should refrain from doing so even if there is no technical impediment, where the rename would be considered controversial and thus should be discussed first. Technical limitations restricting direct moves include where the page is WP:MOVP, move protected, the target page is at a title WP:SALT, protected from creation, or already exists and cannot be WP:MOR, moved over a redirect. In such cases, and to list potentially controversial moves for discussion, please see Wikipedia:Requested moves for more information.

While almost anyone can edit and move articles, to keep things manageable, only administrators can delete them. Note that removing all text from a page does not delete it, it just leaves a blank page, which is discouraged as it is confusing to readers. For all the gritty details, see the Wikipedia:Deletion policy, deletion policy and Wikipedia:How to delete a page, how to delete a page. Please remember that the deletion process is about the appropriateness of the article for WP:NOTEVERYTHING, inclusion in Wikipedia. Therefore, please do not take it personally if an article you've contributed to or created is Wikipedia:How to save an article proposed for deletion, currently nominated for deletion or is already deleted. For the reasons why and the options available for Wikipedia:Viewing and restoring deleted pages, retrieving data from deleted articles, see Wikipedia:Why was the page I created deleted?, why was the page I created deleted? If the page is in Wikipedia:User pages, your own user space (for example, starts with "User:YourName/" or "User talk:YourName/"), then you can request immediate deletion of the page at any time. Simply edit the page while logged in and put the template at the top of the page. An administrator will see that you added the template to a page in your user or user talk namespace and will delete it in most cases.

Images, sounds, and videos

:'' Overview: Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts''
:'' How to pages: Wikipedia:Media help and Wikipedia:Picture tutorial''
:'' Introductions: Help:Introduction to uploading images/1, Help:Introduction uploading images and Help:Introduction to images (VE)/1, Help:Introduction to images (VisualEditor)''
:'' See also: Help:Sound file markup, Help:Visual file markup''

Images, sounds, and videos enhance articles greatly. A file that is already hosted on Wikipedia or the Wikimedia Commons can be inserted with the basic code "". ("Image:" can be substituted for "File:" with no change in effect; the choice between the two is purely a matter of editorial preference.) Using "thumb" generates a thumbnail of an image (the most common placement option), which is typically sized differently from the original image. Several options can affect a thumbnail's placement and size, and there are other methods for placing images not in a thumbnail format, such as in a frame, table or "infobox", which this summary page does not delve into.

Only Help:Logging in, logged in users can Help:Files, upload files under an Wikipedia:File names, appropriate title. The first step in uploading a file is to determine its Wikipedia:Copyrights, copyright status. If a file is in the public domain, or bears a type of free copyright license WP:COMPLIC, compatible with the non-restrictive licenses we require for free reuse, then it can and should be uploaded to the Commons rather than locally to Wikipedia, so that all Wikimedia sites, including Wikipedias in mw:List of Wikipedias, other languages, have access to it. If the image is Wikipedia:Non-free content, non-free then it cannot be uploaded to the Commons, but you may be able to upload it directly here at Wikipedia, if it meets our stringent WP:NFCC, standards for a claim of fair use in a particular article. Please ensure that the copyright status of any file you upload has been specified and we are Wikipedia:Image use policy, allowed to use it on Wikipedia.

The Wikimedia Commons' Commons:Special:UploadWizard, File Upload Wizard and Wikipedia's Wikipedia:File Upload Wizard, File Upload Wizard, will guide you through the process of submitting media. All files uploaded are mirror (computing), mirrored between Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons, and searchable from either one. There are various file formats available. For images, SVG, Portable Network Graphics, PNG, JPEG, XCF (file format), XCF, Graphics Interchange Format, GIF and Tagged Image File Format, TIFF formats are recognized (other image formats may be as well). For audio, use MIDI, or Ogg with FLAC, Speex, or Vorbis codecs. For video, use Ogg with the Theora video codec.

Wikipedia has a Wikipedia:Graphic Lab, Graphics Lab, which aims to improve graphical content already stored on Wikimedia Commons and English Wikipedia. There is also Wikipedia:Requested pictures – a collection of wanted images. High-quality images may be submitted for consideration as Wikipedia:Featured pictures, featured pictures if they meet the Wikipedia:Featured picture criteria, featured picture criteria. To help with sounds, go to Wikipedia:Requested recordings and see if you can fulfill any of the requests while trying to meet the Wikipedia:Featured sound criteria, featured sound criteria. There is also Wikipedia:WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia, spoken Wikipedia project, which aims to produce recordings of Wikipedia articles being read aloud.

Lists, tables, and templates

:''Guideline page: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists''
:'' How to pages: Help:List, Help:Table/Introduction to tables, Introduction to tables and Help:Template''
Lists are essential to the organization and presentation of content on Wikipedia. Lists in articles and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists, stand-alone lists are subject to Wikipedia's content policies and guidelines if they contain any of the WP:MINREF, four kinds of material absolutely required to have citations. Wikipedia:Outlines, Outlines on Wikipedia are a specific type of stand-alone lists designed to help a reader learn about a subject quickly, by showing what topics it includes, and how those topics are related to each other.

Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables, Tables on Wikipedia are a commonly-used way of displaying information, particularly in articles that contain data. Tables are also subject to Wikipedia:Wikipedia in brief, Wikipedia's policies of verifiability and established facts. The simplest way to insert a table is with the Help:Edit toolbar, editing toolbar. Although HTML table syntax also works, Help:Table, special wikicode can be used as a shortcut to create a table. The pipe (vertical bar) codes function exactly the same as HTML table markup, so a knowledge of HTML table code helps in understanding pipe code.

Wikipedia:Template namespace, Templates are used throughout Wikipedia pages to promote consistency, display enriched content with ease, and avoid the necessity of duplicating material that is used over and over across numerous articles and pages. At its most basic, a template is a Wikipedia page created to be included in other pages. Common uses include to display Wikipedia:Template messages, notices, Help:Infobox, infoboxes, WP:Navbox, navigational boxes, standard warnings, special text formatting, unit conversions, calculations and many other purposes. The most common method of inclusion is called Wikipedia:Transclusion, transclusion, where the wikitext of the target page contains a reference to the template, using the syntax.

To help improve Wikipedia's lists, first find one that interests you at Portal:Contents/Lists of topics or Portal:Contents/Outlines and then help it match the Wikipedia:Featured list criteria, featured list criteria. Ideas for creating a list may be explored at Wikipedia:Requested lists. See Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists/Article alerts, Wikipedia:Lists article alerts for details of ongoing tasks and talks about lists. To help with templates see Wikipedia:Template standardisation.

Collaboration groups

Wikipedia:WikiProject, WikiProjects are social groups of contributors (anyone may join them), who work together as a team to improve Wikipedia. These groups often focus on a specific topic area (for example, Wikipedia:WikiProject Women's History, women's history) or a specific kind of task (for example, Wikipedia:New pages patrol, checking newly created pages). WikiProjects function as a central hub for editor collaboration and the organization of specific topics. Many large WikiProjects have collected some WP:Advice pages, advice about how to apply Wikipedia's policies, guidelines, and essays to their specific subject area (for example, Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/Notability guide, military history notability guide). The English Wikipedia currently has over Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Directory, 2,000 WikiProjects and they all have a variety of tasks to get done (for example, Wikipedia:Canadian wikipedians' notice board/Articles to improve, Canadian articles to improve).

Maintenance tasks, news, and discussions

The Wikipedia:Community portal, community portal is a central location to find (and list) collaborations, tasks, and news about the English Wikipedia. The Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost, Wikipedia Signpost is a monthly, community-written and edited newspaper that covers stories, events, and reports related to Wikipedia. Contribute your opinions to WP:noticeboards in order to have a say in decisions and help come to consensus on certain issues. Posting a message to a noticeboard can also be an appropriate early step in WP:DR, resolving disputes on Wikipedia. For a listing of ongoing discussions, see the Wikipedia:Dashboard.

Helpful editorial maintenance tasks include Special:NewPagesFeed, reviewing new pages, Wikipedia:Requested articles, creating requested articles, :Wikipedia edit requests, responding to edit requests and assisting with Wikipedia:Pages needing translation into English, translation requests. Other maintenance tasks includ
fixing unreferenced statements
:Articles that may contain original research, fixing original research, Wikipedia:Vandalism, fixing vandalism, Wikipedia:Welcoming committee, welcoming newcomers, Wikipedia:WikiProject Red Link Recovery, link recovery, Wikipedia:WikiProject Categories/uncategorized, categorization, :Wikipedia articles needing copy edit, fixing spelling and grammar errors, and numerous behind the scenes tasks like Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons, moving free images to Wikimedia Commons and Wikipedia:Dashboard, helping others. See Wikipedia:Maintenance for maintenance and related collaboration resources, and the Wikipedia:Task Center, Task Center for a newcomer-friendly list of tasks.

Editing aids

In addition to the previously mentioned editing aids and Help:Edit toolbar, edit toolbar, there are many other "Gadgets", "Tools", "Scripts" and "Bots" intended to simplify, make more efficient, or provide additional functionality to Wikipedians. "Wikipedia:Gadget, Wikipedia Gadgets" are JavaScript and/or a Cascading Style Sheets, CSS snippets that can be enabled by checking an option in Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets, your preferences. Many of the "Wikipedia:Tools, Wikipedia Tools" are hosted on external sites and perform a variety of task such a
reFill
that edits references by adding basic information to bare URLs in citations. "Wikipedia:User scripts, Wikipedia User scripts" is a collection of JavaScript tools that, after installation in a user's Special:MyPage/common.js, common.js file, allow users to change Wikipedia's interface beyond the options available in preferences. "Wikipedia:Bots, Wikipedia Bots" are automated or semi-automated programs that perform repetitive and/or mundane tasks; they require Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval, approval before they may operate.

Help resources and interactive assistance

The Help:About the help pages, help resource system of Wikipedia consists of a wide variety of how-to and information pages, written to differing levels of technical expertise and in widely varying styles. This variety, however, has its flaws: it is easy to navigate to a page that regurgitates the same information, contains concepts that have not already been covered, or is overly complicated for one's needs. In short, the effects can be quite frustrating at times. To browse help related pages see the Help:Menu, help menu or Help:Contents/Directory, help directory. Or you can use the search box at Help:contents (accessed at any time by clicking "Help" displayed on the left side of all pages). As mentioned above there is also a copy of a comprehensive published book, at Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual, Wikipedia: The Missing Manual.

Don't worry if you do get stuck, witness disruptive editing or are involved in a dispute; there are volunteers available to assist you. There are a number of help forums and services which allow users to ask questions, seek assistance, ask for administrative intervention and similar matters. For general matters related to using and editing Wikipedia, forums include the Wikipedia:Help desk, help desk, the WP:TH/Q, Teahouse, posting the template to your talk page or to an article's talk page, as well as a live assistance IRC channel at Wikipedia:Help desk/chat, #wikipedia-en-help. More specific help forums include Wikipedia:Media copyright questions, Wikipedia:Requested templates, and Wikipedia:Translation, requests for translation. To seek administrative assistance, Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents is for reporting serious incidents requiring administrative assistance and Wikipedia:Administrator intervention against vandalism is for reporting continuing simple vandalism, after Wikipedia:Template messages/User talk namespace, appropriate warnings have been given without the conduct stopping. Finally, general knowledge questions (i.e., those unrelated to Wikipedia) are welcome at the various sections of the WP:RD, reference desk. See Wikipedia:Requests for a listing of services and assistance that can be requested on Wikipedia.

See also

;

The Bookshelf
nbsp;- A vast collection of high-quality, freely licensed, user-generated informational material about Wikipedia.

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Wikipedia features,
Wikipedia basic information,
Wikipedia editing
Wikipedia how-to, {{PAGENAME