Constantine (departement)

Constantine Department was a French ''département'' in Algeria during the colonial period, which existed between 1848 and 1974. The area of the former department, centered on the city of Constantine, is also referred to as Constantinois ( ''Qusanṭīnah'').

History

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Under Ottoman rule, Constantinois was attached to the Regency of Algiers and ruled by a bey appointed by the dey of Algiers. The last bey, Ahmed Bey, who ruled from 1826 to 1848, led the local population in a fierce resistance to the French occupation forcesHenache, Delila
"Algerian director Ali Aissaoui awarded 'Golden screen 2008' for 'Hello Constantine'"
''Echorouk Online.'' November 18, 2008. Accessed December 22, 2008 after their invasion in 1830. In 1837, the territory was finally conquered by the French, who reinstated the bey as ruler of the region. He remained in this position until 1848, when the region became a part of the colony of Algiers and he was deposed.

Formation

Considered a French province, Algeria was departmentalised on 9 December 1848. Three civil zones ( départements) replaced the three beyliks into which the Ottoman former rulers had divided the territory. The principal town of the eastern département, also called Constantine, became the prefecture of the eponymous ''département''. The two other Algerian departments were Oran in the west and Alger in the centre.

Constantine covered an area of 87,578 km², and comprised six '' arrondissements'': these were Batna, Bône, Bougie, Guelma, Philippeville and Sétif.

It was not until the 1950s that the Sahara was annexed into departmentalised Algeria, which explains why the eastern ''département'' of Constantine was limited to what is the north-east of Algeria today.

Reorganisations and Algerian independence

On 7 August 1955 the eastern extremity of the département of Constantine was split off and became the separate département of Bône. Less than two years later, in May 1957, population increases triggered the creation of the stand-alone departments of Sétif and of Batna from the western and southern portions of the ''département'' of Constantine.

The much truncated coastal département of Constantine now covered just 19,899 km², and was home to a population of 1,208,355. It was redivided into seven ''arrondissements'': these were Aïn Beïda, Aïn M'lila, Collo, Djidjelli, El-Milia, Mila and, as before, Philippeville.

The 1957 departmental reorganisation was marked by a change in the "suffix" number appearing on automobile license plates and in other places that used the same code. Until 1957 Constantine was department number "93": after 1957 the much diminished département of Constantine became department number "9D". (In 1968, under a law enacted in 1964, the number "93" would be reallocated to a new département comprising the northern and north-eastern suburbs of Paris.)

After independence the department continued to exist until 1974 when it was split into Constantine Province, Jijel Province, Oum el Bouaghi Province and Skikda Province.

References

See also

* Départements français d'Algérie (not yet translated into English).

{{DEFAULTSORT:Constantine (departement)
Former departments of France in Algeria
States and territories established in 1848
History of Constantine Province
1848 establishments in Algeria
1962 disestablishments in Algeria