''Conostylis'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of perennial herbs in the

Haemodoraceae Haemodoraceae is a family of perennial herbaceous angiosperms (flowering plants) containing 15 genera and 102 known species, sometimes known as the "bloodroots", found throughout the Southern Hemisphere, from Australia and New Guinea to South A ...

family, commonly known as cone flowers. All species are endemic to the

south west Southwest is a compass point. Southwest, south-west, south west, southwestern or south-western or south western may also refer to: * Southwest (direction), an intercardinal direction Geography *South West Queensland, Australia *South West (Weste ...

Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...

Description

They have leathery, strap-like leaves which arise from the base of the plant, sometimes from underground

rhizome In botany and dendrology, a rhizome ( ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and Shoot (botany), shoots from its Node (botany), nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from ...

s. Flowers usually occur in clusters (sometimes singly) on stalks which emerge from the bases of the leaves. Individual flowers have a short stalk with six

tepal A tepal is one of the outer parts of a flower (collectively the perianth). The term is used when these parts cannot easily be classified as either sepals or petals. This may be because the parts of the perianth are undifferentiated (i.e. of very ...

s which are either cream, yellow, orange or purple. The tepals join to form a short tube at the base with six similar stamens attached at the top of the tube.

Taxonomy

The genus is the most speciose of the Haemodoraceae family, and one of six genera which only occur in the

Southwest Australia Southwest Australia is a biogeographic region in Western Australia. It includes the Mediterranean-climate area of southwestern Australia, which is home to a diverse and distinctive flora and fauna. The region is also known as the Southwest Au ...

bioregion; they are closely related to the well-known kangaroo paws, species of ''

Anigozanthos ''Anigozanthos'' is a genus of plant found naturally in the Southwestern Australia biogeographic region, belonging to the bloodwort family Haemodoraceae. The 11 species and their subspecies are commonly known as kangaroo paw or catspaw, depe ...

'' and ''

Macropidia ''Macropidia fuliginosa'', the sole species of genus ''Macropidia'', is a perennial rhizomatous flowering plant. A relation of the kangaroo paws, '' Anigozanthus'', which are also endemic to Southwest Australia, it is referred to as the black ka ...

''. ''Conostylis'' was described by

Robert Brown Robert Brown may refer to: Robert Brown (born 1965), British Director, Animator and author Entertainers and artists * Washboard Sam or Robert Brown (1910–1966), American musician and singer * Robert W. Brown (1917–2009), American printmaker ...

, published in his ''

Prodromus A prodromus ('forerunner' or 'precursor') aka prodrome is a term used in the natural sciences to describe a preliminary publication intended as the basis for a later, more comprehensive work. It is also a medical term used for a premonitory sympt ...

'' of Australian flora in 1810. No type species was provided by the author. The genus name ''Conostylis'' is derived from Ancient Greek terms for 'cone' and 'column, style', a reference to the conical shape of the

style Style, or styles may refer to: Film and television * ''Style'' (2001 film), a Hindi film starring Sharman Joshi, Riya Sen, Sahil Khan and Shilpi Mudgal * ''Style'' (2002 film), a Tamil drama film * ''Style'' (2004 film), a Burmese film * '' ...

's tip.

Species list

The following is a list of ''Conostylis'' species accepted by the

Australian Plant Census The Australian Plant Census (APC) provides an online interface to currently accepted, published, scientific names of the vascular flora of Australia, as one of the output interfaces of the national government Integrated Biodiversity Information Sys ...

as of October 2023: *''

Conostylis aculeata ''Conostylis aculeata'', commonly known as prickly conostylis, is a flowering, tufted perennial plant in the family Haemodoraceae. It has flat leaves and yellow, hairy, tubular flowers. It is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. De ...

'' R.Br. – prickly conostylis *''

Conostylis albescens ''Conostylis'' is a genus of perennial herbs in the Haemodoraceae family, commonly known as cone flowers. All species are endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Description They have leathery, strap-like leaves which arise from the ...

Hopper Hopper or hoppers may refer to: Places * Hopper, Illinois * Hopper, West Virginia * Hopper, a mountain and valley in the Hunza–Nagar District of Pakistan * Hopper (crater), a crater on Mercury People * Hopper (surname) Insects * Hopper, the ...

*''

Conostylis androstemma ''Conostylis androstemma'' (common name trumpets) is a tufted perennial plant species in the family Haemodoraceae. It is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Plants grow to between 10 and 30 cm high and produce cream to pale yell ...

F.Muell. Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, (; 30 June 1825 – 10 October 1896) was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist. He was appointed government botanist for the then colony of Victoria (state), Vic ...

– trumpets *''

Conostylis angustifolia ''Conostylis'' is a genus of perennial herbs in the Haemodoraceae family, commonly known as cone flowers. All species are endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Description They have leathery, strap-like leaves which arise from the ...

'' Hopper *''

Conostylis argentea ''Conostylis argentea'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial plant species in the family Haemodoraceae, endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. In July and August it produces white to cream flowers in the species' native range. Descripti ...

'' (

J.W.Green John William Green (born 10 July 1930) is an Australian botanist. Career Green began his botanical career in 1954 as assistant botanist in the Western Australian Herbarium. He remained in that position until 1958, in his final year serving as ...

) Hopper *''

Conostylis aurea ''Conostylis aurea'', commonly known as golden conostylis, is a plant in the bloodwort family Haemodoraceae. It is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. Description ''Conostylis aurea'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like h ...

Lindl. John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist. Early years Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley ...

– golden conostylis *''

Conostylis bealiana ''Conostylis bealiana'' is a flowering plant in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It has green flat leaves and tubular dark yellow to orange-red flowers. Description ''Conostylis bealiana'' is a tufted, prostrate, ...

'' F.Muell. *''

Conostylis bracteata ''Conostylis bracteata'' is a tufted perennial plant in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemism, endemic to the Southwest Australia, south-west of Western Australia. It is a Rhizome, rhizomatous, tufted, Perennial plant, perennial, grass-like ...

'' Lindl. *''

Conostylis breviscapa ''Conostylis breviscapa'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat leaves and yellow, hairy, tubular flowers. Description ''Con ...

'' R.Br. *''

Conostylis candicans ''Conostylis candicans'', commonly known as grey cottonheads, is a flowering plant in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has grey foliage and bright yellow flower heads. Description ''Conostylis ...

Endl. Stephan Friedrich Ladislaus Endlicher, also known as Endlicher István László (24 June 1804 – 28 March 1849), was an Austrian botanist, numismatist and Sinologist. He was a director of the Botanical Garden of Vienna. Biography Endlicher s ...

– grey cottonhead *''

Conostylis canteriata ''Conostylis canteriata'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has stilted roots, flat leaves, and pale lemon-yellow tubular flowers. ...

'' Hopper *''

Conostylis caricina ''Conostylis caricina'' is a flowering plant in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb with flat leaves and heads of 6 to 8 creamy-yellow f ...

'' Lindl. *''

Conostylis crassinerva ''Conostylis crassinerva'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat leaves and yellow tubular flowers that turn reddish as they a ...

'' J.W.Green *''

Conostylis deplexa ''Conostylis deplexa'' is a rhizomatous, tufted or solitary perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat leaves and uniformly yellow, tubular flowers. Descri ...

'' J.W.Green *''

Conostylis dielsii ''Conostylis dielsii'' is a tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It forms short rhizomes, and has cylindrical leaves and creamy-yellow flowers. Descriptio ...

'' W.Fitzg. *''

Conostylis drummondii ''Conostylis'' is a genus of perennial herbs in the Haemodoraceae family, commonly known as cone flowers. All species are endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Description They have leathery, strap-like leaves which arise from the ...

Benth. George Bentham (22 September 1800 – 10 September 1884) was an English botanist, described by the weed botanist Duane Isely as "the premier systematic botanist of the nineteenth century". Born into a distinguished family, he initially studie ...

– Drummond's conostylis *'' Conostylis festucacea''

*'' Conostylis hiemalis'' Hopper *''

Conostylis juncea ''Conostylis juncea'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae, and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has cylindrical or flat leaves and yellow flowers on a short flowering st ...

*'' Conostylis latens'' Hopper *''

Conostylis laxiflora ''Conostylis laxiflora'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, glabrous leaves, and yellow, tubular flowers. Description ''C ...

'' Benth. *'' Conostylis lepidospermoides'' Hopper *''

Conostylis micrantha ''Conostylis micrantha'', commonly known as small-flowered conostylis, is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has leaves that are round ...

'' Hopper – small-flowered conostylis *''

Conostylis misera ''Conostylis misera'', commonly known as grass conostylis, is a prostrate, rhizomatous In botany and dendrology, a rhizome ( ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also call ...

'' Endl. – grass conostylis *''

Conostylis neocymosa ''Conostylis neocymosa'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, green leaves with bristles on the edges, and yellow, tubular f ...

'' Hopper *''

Conostylis pauciflora ''Conostylis pauciflora'', commonly known as Dawesville conostylis, is a rhizomatous, stoloniferous, perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, green leave ...

'' Hopper – Dawesville conostylis *'' Conostylis petrophiloides'' F.Muell. ex Benth. *''

Conostylis phathyrantha ''Conostylis phathyrantha'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It has flat, glabrous leaves, and yellow, tubular flowers. Description ''Con ...

'' Diels *''

Conostylis prolifera ''Conostylis prolifera'', commonly known as mat cottonheads, is a rhizomatous, tufted, stoloniferous, perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, glabrous l ...

'' Benth. – mat cottonheads *''

Conostylis pusilla ''Conostylis pusilla'' is a Rhizome, rhizomatous, tufted Perennial plant, perennial, grass-like plant or Herbaceous plant, herb in the family Haemodoraceae, and is endemism, endemic to the Southwest Australia, south-west of Western Australia. I ...

'' Endl. *''

Conostylis resinosa ''Conostylis resinosa'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, shiny leaves, yellow, tubular flowers and is similar to '' C. a ...

'' Hopper *''

Conostylis robusta ''Conostylis robusta'' is a rhizomatous, tufted, stoloniferous, perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, green leaves with bristles on the edges, and hea ...

'' Diels *'' Conostylis rogeri'' Hopper *'' Conostylis seminuda'' Hopper *''

Conostylis seorsiflora ''Conostylis seorsiflora'' is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It has flat leaves and yellow, tubular flowers. Description ''Conostylis seor ...

'' F.Muell. *'' Conostylis serrulata'' R.Br. *''

Conostylis setigera ''Conostylis setigera'', commonly known as bristly cottonhead, is a Rhizome, rhizomatous, tufted Perennial plant, perennial, grass-like plant or Herbaceous plant, herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the Southwest Australia, south ...

'' R.Br. – bristly cottonhead *''

Conostylis setosa ''Conostylis setosa'', commonly known as white cottonhead, is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat leaves and white, or pinkish ...

'' Lindl. – white cottonhead *'' Conostylis stylidioides'' F.Muell. *''

Conostylis teretifolia ''Conostylis teretifolia'' is a rhizomatous, tufted, perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat leaves, short stems and yellow to reddish, tube-shaped flow ...

'' J.W.Green *''

Conostylis teretiuscula ''Conostylis'' is a genus of perennial herbs in the Haemodoraceae family, commonly known as cone flowers. All species are endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Description They have leathery, strap-like leaves which arise from the b ...

'' F.Muell. *'' Conostylis tomentosa'' Hopper *''

Conostylis vaginata ''Conostylis vaginata'', commonly known as sheath conostylis, is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae, and is endemic to the south of Western Australia. It has much-branched stems, grass-like lea ...

'' Endl. – sheath conostylis *''

Conostylis villosa ''Conostylis'' is a genus of perennial herbs in the Haemodoraceae family, commonly known as cone flowers. All species are endemic to the south west of Western Australia. Description They have leathery, strap-like leaves which arise from the ...

'' Benth. *'' Conostylis wonganensis'' Hopper – Wongan conostylis

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q641431 Commelinales of Australia Angiosperms of Western Australia Commelinales genera Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773) Plants described in 1810 Endemic flora of Southwest Australia