''Coniothyrium'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

in the family

Coniothyriaceae Coniothyriaceae is a family of ascomycetous marine-based fungi within the order of Pleosporales in the subclass Pleosporomycetidae and within the class Dothideomycetes. They are pathogenic (Necrotrophic (feeding on the dead tissues of plants they ...

. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist

August Carl Joseph Corda August Carl Joseph Corda (15 November 1809 – 1849) was a physician, botanist, and mycologist from Bohemia. This botanist is denoted by the List of botanists by author abbreviation, author abbreviation Corda when Author citation (botany), citing ...

in 1840. It was formerly placed in the

Phaeosphaeriaceae The Phaeosphaeriaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pleosporales. Species in the family have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are generally nectrotrophic or saprobic on a wide range of plants. Wijayawardene et al. 2020 produced an update t ...

family until 1983 when the family was established. The genus are diverse geographically, and have a

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en ...

across the world. The etymology of ''Coniothyrium'' is derived from

New Latin Neo-LatinSidwell, Keith ''Classical Latin-Medieval Latin-Neo Latin'' in ; others, throughout. (also known as New Latin and Modern Latin) is the style of written Latin used in original literary, scholarly, and scientific works, first in Italy d ...

, from ''coni-'' (from

conus ''Conus'' is a genus of venomous and predatory cone snails.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Conus Linnaeus, 1758. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&i ...

) and ''thyr-'' (from

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

''thyreos'' meaning oblong shield, from ''thyra'' meaning door) and ''-ium'' (ending for a genus). ''Coniothyrium palmarum'' is the type species of the genus ''Coniothyrium''. It is characterised by ostiolate pycnidial (asexual fruiting body)

conidiomata Conidiomata (singular: Conidioma) are blister-like fruiting structures produced by a specific type of fungus called a coelomycete. They are formed as a means of dispersing asexual spores call conidia, which they accomplish by creating the blister- ...

, annellidic conidiogenous cells, the absence of conidiophores, and brown, thick-walled, 0- or 1-septate, verrucose

conidia A conidium ( ; : conidia), sometimes termed an asexual chlamydospore or chlamydoconidium (: chlamydoconidia), is an asexual, non- motile spore of a fungus. The word ''conidium'' comes from the Ancient Greek word for dust, ('). They are also ...

. ''Coniothyrium'' is similar morphologically to some species in the genus ''

Microsphaeropsis ''Microsphaeropsis'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Didymosphaeriaceae. The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surf ...

''. However, ''Microsphaeropsis'' is characterised by the production of phialidic conidiogenous cells with periclinal thickening, and thin-walled, pale greenish brown conidia. Species ''

Coniothyrium glycines ''Coniothyrium glycines'' is a fungal plant pathogen infecting soybean. History This fungus species has undergone various name changes. Originally described in 1957, from soyabean leaf lesions and it was classified as a new species in the genus ...

'' is known to cause red leaf blotch on

Soyabean The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (''Glycine max'') is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean. Soy is a staple crop, the world's most grown legume, and an important animal feed. Soy is a key source of f ...

. While ''

Coniothyrium fuckelii ''Coniothyrium fuckelii'' is a fungal plant pathogen, causing stem canker, and that has also been known to cause infections in immunocompromised humans. Two diseases most commonly associated with garden rose dieback are grey mould (''Botrytis ci ...

'' is also a known plant pathogen (causing stem canker,) that has also been known to cause infections in

immunocompromised Immunodeficiency, also known as immunocompromise, is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases are acquired ("secondary") due to extrinsic factors that affe ...

humans. ''

Coniothyrium phyllachorae ''Coniothyrium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840. It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was establishe ...

'' with other fungus species such as ''

Phyllachora maydis ''Phyllachora maydis'' is a plant pathogen causing ascomycete diseases in maize/corn, and is more commonly referred to as ''tar spot''. Identified by the distinctive development of stroma, this pathogen in itself is of little economic importanc ...

'' and ''

Monographella maydis ''Monographella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Amphisphaeriaceae. The anamorph In mycology, the terms teleomorph, anamorph, and holomorph apply to portions of the life cycles of fungi in the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota: *Teleomorp ...

'' are the causes of Latin America tar spot complex in places such as Guatemala, Mexico, Colombia, and El Salvador. Species ''

Coniothyrium ferrarisianum ''Coniothyrium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840. It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was establish ...

'' has been isolated from leaves of ''

Daphne mucronata ''Daphne mucronata'' is a shrub, of the family Thymelaeaceae. It is native to western Asia, ranging from eastern Turkey to the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the western Himalayas. Description The shrub is evergreen, and gro ...

'' in Iran, it was originally isolated from ''

Acer pseudoplatanus ''Acer pseudoplatanus'', known as the sycamore in the British Isles and as the sycamore maple in the United States, is a species of maple native to Central Europe and Western Asia. It is a large deciduous, broad-leaved tree, tolerant of wind an ...

'' in Italy in 1958, and it was later found on ''

Vitis vinifera ''Vitis vinifera'', the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern ...

'' in Canada in 2017, as well as ''

Prunus ''Prunus'' is a genus of flowering plant, flowering trees and shrubs from the family (biology), family Rosaceae. The genus includes plums, cherries, peaches, nectarines, apricots and almonds (collectively Drupe, stonefruit). The genus has a cosm ...

'' spp. in Germany in 2020, and also from ''

Olea europaea The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'' ("European olive"), is a species of subtropical evergreen tree in the family Oleaceae. Originating in Asia Minor, it is abundant throughout the Mediterranean Basin, with wild subspecies in Africa ...

'' in South Africa in 2020.

Species

The

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...

list up to 450 species, in 2023), and the

GBIF The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international organisation that focuses on making scientific data on biodiversity available via the Internet using web services. The data are provided by many institutions from around the ...

lists up to 499 species. A selected few species are shown here. *''

Coniothyrium abutilonis ''Coniothyrium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840. It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was establish ...

'' *'' Coniothyrium acaciae'' *'' Coniothyrium bambusae'' *'' Coniothyrium batumense'' *'' Coniothyrium caespitulosum'' *'' Coniothyrium carpaticum'' *'' Coniothyrium celtidis-australis'' *'' Coniothyrium coffeae'' *'' Coniothyrium concentricum'' *'' Coniothyrium conicola'' *'' Coniothyrium conorum'' *'' Coniothyrium crepinianum'' *'' Coniothyrium cydoniae'' *'' Coniothyrium dispersellum'' *'' Coniothyrium dracaenae'' *'' Coniothyrium equiseti'' *'' Coniothyrium fluviatile'' *''

'' *'' Coniothyrium genistae'' *''

'' *'' Coniothyrium henriquesii'' *'' Coniothyrium ilicis'' *'' Coniothyrium insitivum'' *''

Coniothyrium jasmini ''Coniothyrium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840. It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was establish ...

'' *'' Coniothyrium juniperi'' *'' Coniothyrium kallangurense'' *'' Coniothyrium lavandulae'' *'' Coniothyrium leguminum'' *'' Coniothyrium marrubii'' *'' Coniothyrium obiones'' *'' Coniothyrium oleae'' *'' Coniothyrium palmarum'' *'' Coniothyrium palmicola'' *''

Coniothyrium phlomidis ''Coniothyrium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840. It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was establish ...

'' *'' Coniothyrium platani'' *'' Coniothyrium populina'' *'' Coniothyrium psammae'' *'' Coniothyrium pteridis'' *'' Coniothyrium quercinum'' *'' Coniothyrium rhododendri'' *'' Coniothyrium rosarum'' *'' Coniothyrium sarothamni'' *'' Coniothyrium sphaerospermum'' *'' Coniothyrium stipae'' *'' Coniothyrium tamaricis'' *'' Coniothyrium tenue'' *'' Coniothyrium trifolii'' *'' Coniothyrium ulmeum'' *'' Coniothyrium wernsdorffiae'' *'' Coniothyrium yuccae''

References

Pleosporales Dothideomycetes genera Taxa named by August Carl Joseph Corda Taxa described in 1840 {{Pleosporales stub