Communist symbolism represents a variety of themes, including

revolution In political science, a revolution (, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's class, state, ethnic or religious structures. According to sociologist Jack Goldstone, all revolutions contain "a common set of elements ...

, the

proletariat The proletariat (; ) is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose possession of significant economic value is their labour power (their capacity to work). A member of such a class is a proletarian or a . Marxist ph ...

, the

peasantry A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or a farmer with limited land-ownership, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord. In Europe, three classes of peasan ...

agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

, or international solidarity. The red flag, the

hammer and sickle The hammer and sickle (Unicode: ) is a communist symbol representing proletarian solidarity between industrial and agricultural workers. It was first adopted during the Russian Revolution at the end of World War I, the hammer representing wo ...

, and the

red star A red star, five-pointed and filled, is a symbol that has often historically been associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with the hammer and sickle, but is also used as a purely socialist symbol in the 21st century. ...

- or variations thereof - are some of the symbols adopted by

communist movements The history of communism encompasses a wide variety of Ideology, ideologies and political movements sharing the core principles of common ownership of wealth, economy, economic enterprise, and property. Most modern forms of communism are ground ...

governments A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a m ...

, and

parties A party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, recreation, or as part of a festival or other commemoration or celebration of a special occasion. A party will often feature ...

worldwide. A tradition of including communist symbolism in socialist-style emblems and flags began with the

flag of the Soviet Union The State Flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, also simply known as the Soviet flag or the Red Banner, was a Red flag (politics), red flag with two Communist symbolism, communist symbols displayed in the Canton (flag), canton: a gold ...

and has since been taken up by a long line of

socialist state A socialist state, socialist republic, or socialist country is a sovereign state constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of socialism. This article is about states that refer to themselves as socialist states, and not specifically ...

s. In

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

Latvia Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...

Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...

, and

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

, communist symbols are banned and displays in public for non-educational use are considered a criminal offense.

Hammer and sickle

The

appears on the flags of most communist parties around the world. Some parties have a modified version of the hammer and sickle as their symbol, most notably the

Workers' Party of Korea The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK), also called the Korean Workers' Party (KWP), is the sole ruling party of North Korea. Founded in 1949 from a merger between the Workers' Party of North Korea and the Workers' Party of South Korea, the WPK is ...

which includes a hammer representing industrial workers, a hoe representing agricultural workers, and a brush (traditional writing-implement) representing the intelligentsia. The hammer stands for the industrial working class and the sickle represents the agricultural workers, therefore together they represent the unity of the two groups. The hammer and sickle was first used during the 1917 Russian Revolution; however, it did not appear on the official flag of the

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until it dissolved in 1991. During its existence, it was the largest country by are ...

until 1924. Since the Russian Revolution, the hammer and sickle has been used by various communist parties and

communist state A communist state, also known as a Marxist–Leninist state, is a one-party state in which the totality of the power belongs to a party adhering to some form of Marxism–Leninism, a branch of the communist ideology. Marxism–Leninism was ...

Red star

The red five-pointed star is a symbol of the ultimate triumph of the ideas of

communism Communism () is a political sociology, sociopolitical, political philosophy, philosophical, and economic ideology, economic ideology within the history of socialism, socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a ...

on the five (inhabited, excluding Antarctica) continents of the globe. It first appeared as a military symbol in Tsarist Russia. It was then called the “Mars star,” reminiscent of Mars, the ancient Roman god of war. On January 1, 1827, the law was signed that put a five-pointed star on the epaulets of officers and generals. In 1854, the star began to be used on shoulder straps. Later, the five-pointed star with a two-headed eagle inside it was used to mark military trains and carriages. In Soviet Russia, the five-pointed star symbolized the protection of peacetime labor by the Red Army (again, like in Ancient Rome, where Mars was also the protector of the agricultural workers). In 1918, the drawing of the badge for the soldiers of the Red Army in the form of a red star with a golden image of a plough and a hammer in the center was approved. The star symbolized protection, while the plough and the hammer were read as a union of peasants and workers. By the 1920s, the red star began to be used as an official symbol of the state; and finally, in 1924, it became part of the Soviet flag and the official emblem of the Soviet Union. In the succeeding years, the five-pointed red star came to be considered a symbol of

as well as of broader

socialism Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...

in general. It was widely used by

anti-fascist Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers were op ...

resisting parties and underground

socialist Socialism is an economic ideology, economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse Economic system, economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. It describes ...

organizations in Europe leading up to and during

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. During the war, the red star was prominently used as a symbol of the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union. The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People ...

troops of the

Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

countering the invading forces of

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a Totalit ...

and wiping them out of Eastern Europe; achieving absolute victory, and ending the war at the

Battle of Berlin The Battle of Berlin, designated as the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, and also known as the Fall of Berlin, was one of the last major offensives of the European theatre of World War II. After the Vistula–Od ...

. Most states in the

Eastern Bloc The Eastern Bloc, also known as the Communist Bloc (Combloc), the Socialist Bloc, the Workers Bloc, and the Soviet Bloc, was an unofficial coalition of communist states of Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America that were a ...

incorporated the red star into state symbols to signify their socialist nature.

Red flag

The red flag is often seen in combination with other communist symbols and party names. The flag is used at various communist and socialist rallies like

May Day May Day is a European festival of ancient origins marking the beginning of summer, usually celebrated on 1 May, around halfway between the Northern Hemisphere's March equinox, spring equinox and midsummer June solstice, solstice. Festivities ma ...

. The flag, being a symbol of

itself, is also commonly associated with non-communist variants of socialism. The red flag has had multiple meanings in history. It is associated with courage, sacrifice, blood and war in general, but it was first used as a flag of defiance. The red flag gained its modern association with communism in the 1871 French Revolution. After the

October Revolution The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Historiography in the Soviet Union, Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of Russian Revolution, two r ...

, the Soviet government adopted the red flag with a superimposed hammer and sickle as its national flag. Since the October Revolution, various socialist states and movements have used the red flag.

Red and black flag

The red and black flag has been a symbol of general communist movements, though generally used by

anarcho-communists Anarchist communism is a Far-left politics, far-left political ideology and Anarchist schools of thought, anarchist school of thought that advocates communism. It calls for the abolition of private property, private real property but retention ...

. The flag was used as the symbol of the

anarcho-syndicalists Anarcho-syndicalism is an anarchism, anarchist organisational model that centres trade unions as a vehicle for class conflict. Drawing from the theory of libertarian socialism and the practice of syndicalism, anarcho-syndicalism sees trade uni ...

during the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...

. The black represents

anarchism Anarchism is a political philosophy and Political movement, movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or Social hierarchy, hierarchy, primarily targeting the state (polity), state and capitalism. A ...

and the red represents

leftist Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy either as a whole or of certain social hierarchies. Left-wing politi ...

and

ideals. Over time, the flag spilled into

statist In political science, statism or etatism (from French, ''état'' 'state') is the doctrine that the political authority of the state is legitimate to some degree. This may include economic and social policy, especially in regard to taxation an ...

leftist movements, these movements include the Sandinistas and the 26th of July Movement, where the flags colors are not divided diagonally, but horizontally. As in the case of the Sandinistas, they adopted the flag due to the movement's anarchist roots.

''The Internationale''

''The Internationale'' is an anthem of the

Communist movement Communist Movement (in Spanish: ''Movimiento Comunista'', in Basque: ''Mugimendu Komunista'', in Catalan: ''Moviment Comunista'', in Galician: ''Movemento Comunista'', in Asturian: ''Movimientu Comunista'') was a political party in Spain ...

. It is one of the most universally recognized songs in the world and has been translated into nearly every spoken language. Its original French refrain is ''C'est la lutte finale''/''Groupons-nous et demain''/''L'Internationale''/''Sera le genre humain'' ( English: This is the final struggle/Let's group together and tomorrow/The International/Will be the human race). It is often sung with a raised fist salute. The song has been used by communists all over the world since it was composed in the 19th century and adopted as the official anthem of the

Second International The Second International, also called the Socialist International, was a political international of Labour movement, socialist and labour parties and Trade union, trade unions which existed from 1889 to 1916. It included representatives from mo ...

. It later became the anthem of

Soviet Russia The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...

in 1918 and of the

in 1922. It was superseded as the Soviet Union anthem in 1944 with the adoption of the

State Anthem of the Soviet Union The State Anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was the national anthem of the Soviet Union and the regional anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing "The Internationale". Its original ...

, which placed more emphasis on

patriotism Patriotism is the feeling of love, devotion, and a sense of attachment to one's country or state. This attachment can be a combination of different feelings for things such as the language of one's homeland, and its ethnic, cultural, politic ...

. The song was also sung in defiance to Communist governments, such as in the

German Democratic Republic East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on ...

in 1989 prior to reunification as well as in the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

during the Tiananmen Square protests of the same year.

Plough or Starry Plough

The original Starry Plough was designed by William H. Megahy, though the concept may have originated with George William Russell, for the

Irish Citizen Army The Irish Citizen Army (), or ICA, was a paramilitary group first formed in Dublin to defend the picket lines and street demonstrations of the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU) against the police during the Great Dublin Lock ...

and showed silver stars on a green background. The flag depicts an asterism (an identified part) of the

constellation A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of visible stars forms Asterism (astronomy), a perceived pattern or outline, typically representing an animal, mythological subject, or inanimate object. The first constellati ...

Ursa Major Ursa Major, also known as the Great Bear, is a constellation in the Northern Sky, whose associated mythology likely dates back into prehistory. Its Latin name means "greater (or larger) bear", referring to and contrasting it with nearby Ursa M ...

, called ''The Plough'' (or "Starry Plough") in

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

and

Britain Britain most often refers to: * Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...

, the ''

Big Dipper The Big Dipper (American English, US, Canadian English, Canada) or the Plough (British English, UK, Hiberno-English, Ireland) is an asterism (astronomy), asterism consisting of seven bright stars of the constellation Ursa Major; six of them ar ...

'' in North America, and various other names worldwide. Two of the Plough's seven stars point to

Polaris Polaris is a star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Minor. It is designated α Ursae Minoris (Latinisation of names, Latinized to ''Alpha Ursae Minoris'') and is commonly called the North Star or Pole Star. With an ...

, the North Star.

James Connolly James Connolly (; 5 June 1868 – 12 May 1916) was a Scottish people, Scottish-born Irish republicanism, Irish republican, socialist, and trade union leader, executed for his part in the Easter Rising, 1916 Easter Rising against British rule i ...

, co-founder of the Irish Citizen Army with

Jack White John Anthony White (; born July 9, 1975) is an American musician who achieved international fame as the guitarist and lead singer of the rock duo the White Stripes. As the White Stripes disbanded, he sought success with his solo career, subse ...

and

James Larkin James Larkin (28 January 1874 – 30 January 1947), sometimes known as Jim Larkin or Big Jim, was an Irish republicanism, Irish republican, socialist and trade union leader. He was one of the founders of the Irish Labour Party (Ireland), Labou ...

, said the significance of the banner was that a free Ireland would control its own destiny from the

plough A plough or ( US) plow (both pronounced ) is a farm tool for loosening or turning the soil before sowing seed or planting. Ploughs were traditionally drawn by oxen and horses but modern ploughs are drawn by tractors. A plough may have a wooden ...

to the stars. The sword as the plowshare is also a biblical reference in

Isaiah 2 Isaiah 2 is the second chapter of the Book of Isaiah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Isaiah, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. Text The origi ...

: 3-4. In the

bible The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) originally writt ...

verse, God pushes his followers to turn their weapons into tools, turning the means for war into the means for peace. The marriage of

Catholic The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

tradition, the biblical reference being integral to the flag's design, with socialist concepts, like the working class and the oppressor forcing them to take up their plowshares as arms, leaves the Starry Plough flag with complexity and nuanced implications, which culminate in a very wide range of interpretations. During the 1930s the design changed to a blue banner which was designed by members of the

Republican Congress The Republican Congress () was an Irish republican political organisation founded in 1934, when pro-communist republicans left the Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army. The Congress was led by such anti-Treaty veterans as Peadar O'Donnell, Frank ...

, and was adopted as the emblem of the Irish Labour movement, including the Labour Party. Labour adopted the rose as its official emblem in 1991 but continued to use the Starry Plough for ceremonial occasions, and in 2021 the party reverted to using the Starry Plough as their primary symbol (this time with white stars on a red background).

In China, the Plough flag (), a red flag with white or yellow plough, was widely used in the period of the First Revolutionary Civil War as the flag of the Chinese Peasants' Association, an organization led by the

Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...

. It is believed that

Peng Pai Peng Pai ( zh, c=彭湃, p=Péng Pài, w=P'êng2 P'ai4; October 22, 1896 – August 30, 1929) was a pioneer of the Chinese agrarian movement and a leading revolutionary in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during its early years.In the Preface, ...

() was the first user in 1923 at the peasants' association of Hailufeng. The Plough flag has many different versions and some are combined with the flag of Blue Sky, White Sun or Red Field; other are different on the details of the plough.

National emblems

Many communist governments purposely diverged from the traditional forms of European heraldry in order to distance themselves from the

monarchies A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, reigns as head of state for the rest of their life, or until abdication. The extent of the authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutio ...

that they usually replaced, with actual coats of arms being seen as symbols of the monarchs. Instead, they followed the pattern of the national emblems adopted in the late 1910s and early 1920s in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union.

Other communist symbols

While not necessarily communist in nature, the following graphic elements are often incorporated into the flags, seals and propaganda of communist countries and movements. * Socialist realism, an art style developed in the Soviet Union. * Crossed proletarian implements, including picks, hoes, scythes and in the case of the

a brush to represent the intelligentsia. The ubiquitous hammer and sickle also belongs in this category. * Rising sun, exemplified on the state emblems of the

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ash ...

Croatia Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herze ...

Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...

and

PASOK The Panhellenic Socialist Movement (, ), known mostly by its acronym PASOK (; , ), is a social democracy, social-democratic List of political parties in Greece, political party in Greece. Until 2012 it was Two-party system, one of the two major ...

. * Cogwheels, exemplified on the emblems of

Angola Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country on the west-Central Africa, central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Portuguese-speaking world, Portuguese-speaking (Lusophone) country in both total area and List of c ...

and

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

. * Wreaths of wheat, cotton, corn or other crops, present on the emblems of almost every historical Communist-ruled state. * Cherries resemblance from the '' Le Temps des cerises'' exemplified in the emblem of the

Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (, KSČM) is a communist party in the Czech Republic. As of 2022, KSČM has a membership of 20,450. Sources variously describe the party as either left-wing or Far-left politics, far-left on the polit ...

. * Rifle such as the

AK-47 The AK-47, officially known as the Avtomat Kalashnikova (; also known as the Kalashnikov or just AK), is an assault rifle that is chambered for the 7.62×39mm cartridge. Developed in the Soviet Union by Russian small-arms designer Mikhail Kala ...

on the flag of Mozambique and

Mosin–Nagant The Mosin–Nagant is a five-shot, Bolt action, bolt-action, Magazine (firearms), internal magazine–fed military rifle. Known officially as the 3-line rifle M1891, in Russia and the former Soviet Union as Mosin's rifle (, ISO 9: ) and inform ...

Albanian lek The lek (; indefinite singular ''lek'', definite plural ''lekët'', indefinite plural ''lekë''; Currency symbol, sign: L; ISO 4217, code: ALL) is the currency of Albania. Historically, it was subdivided into 100 ''qintars'' (; singular ''qinda ...

. * Red banners with yellow lettering, exemplified on the emblems of

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

and

. * Red or yellow stars, perhaps the most common communist symbol behind the hammer and sickle. * Open books, exemplified on the state emblems of

Mozambique Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique, is a country located in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Eswatini and South Afr ...

and

; and also on the party emblems of Communist parties of Russia and

. * Factories or industrial equipment, exemplified on the emblems of

North Korea North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korea, Korean Peninsula and borders China and Russia to the north at the Yalu River, Yalu (Amnok) an ...

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe. Situated on the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to th ...

Democratic Kampuchea Democratic Kampuchea was the official name of the Cambodian state from 1976 to 1979, under the government of Pol Pot and the Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK), commonly known as the Khmer Rouge. The Khmer Rouge's capture of the capital Phno ...

, emblem of CPUSA and

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

. * Natural landscapes, exemplified on the emblems of

Armenia Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia (country), Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to ...

Macedonia Macedonia (, , , ), most commonly refers to: * North Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe, known until 2019 as the Republic of Macedonia * Macedonia (ancient kingdom), a kingdom in Greek antiquity * Macedonia (Greece), a former administr ...

, and Karelo-Finland. * Torches, exemplified on the Emblem of Yugoslavia. * Sword and shield, exemplified on the Soviet Committee for State Security emblem and the

Mother Motherland Mother Motherland may refer to: * Personification of Russia * former name of the '' Mother Ukraine'' monument in Kyiv, Ukraine * Mother Motherland (Saint Petersburg) at the Piskaryovskoye Memorial Cemetery, Saint Petersburg * ''The Motherland Call ...

. * Cross and sickle, the symbols of the Christian communism and

Christian socialism Christian socialism is a Religious philosophy, religious and political philosophy that blends Christianity and socialism, endorsing socialist economics on the basis of the Bible and the teachings of Jesus. Many Christian socialists believe cap ...

* Portraits of various communist leaders, such as

Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of ...

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; traditionally Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Mao Tse-tung. (26December 18939September 1976) was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in ...

Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito ( ; , ), was a Yugoslavia, Yugoslav communist revolutionary and politician who served in various positions of national leadership from 1943 unti ...

, etc. **

Che Guevara Ernesto "Che" Guevara (14th May 1928 – 9 October 1967) was an Argentines, Argentine Communist revolution, Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, Guerrilla warfare, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and Military theory, military theorist. A majo ...

's image, in particular as it appears in ''

Guerrillero Heroico ''Guerrillero Heroico'' (, ) is a photograph of Argentine revolutionary Che Guevara taken by Alberto Korda. It was captured on 5 March 1960, in Havana, Cuba, at a memorial service for victims of the ''La Coubre'' explosion. By the end of the ...

'' (“Heroic Guerilla”), is a common symbol of the

Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution () was the military and political movement that overthrew the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista, who had ruled Cuba from 1952 to 1959. The revolution began after the 1952 Cuban coup d'état, in which Batista overthrew ...

,“Che Guevara: Revolutionary & Icon”, by Trisha Ziff, Abrams Image, 2006 Guevarism, and revolution in general.“Communists, Capitalists still buy into Iconic Che Photo, Author says” by Brian Byrnes, ''

CNN Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news organization operating, most notably, a website and a TV channel headquartered in Atlanta. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable ne ...

'', May 5, 2009 * The Arm and hammer, exemplified in the logo of the

Socialist Labor Party of America The Socialist Labor Party (SLP)"The name of this organization shall be Socialist Labor Party". Art. I, Sec. 1 of thadopted at the Eleventh National Convention (New York, July 1904; amended at the National Conventions 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 192 ...

Notable examples of communist states that use no overtly communist imagery on their flags, emblems or other graphic representations are

Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...

and the former

Polish People's Republic The Polish People's Republic (1952–1989), formerly the Republic of Poland (1947–1952), and also often simply known as Poland, was a country in Central Europe that existed as the predecessor of the modern-day democratic Republic of Poland. ...

Gallery

Examples of these symbols in use.

Hammer and sickle

File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg,

Flag of the Soviet Union The State Flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, also simply known as the Soviet flag or the Red Banner, was a Red flag (politics), red flag with two Communist symbolism, communist symbols displayed in the Canton (flag), canton: a gold ...

File:Danghui.svg,

Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party The emblem of the Chinese Communist Party is the hammer and sickle displayed in golden yellow or red. According to Article 53 of the constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, "the Party emblem and flag are the symbol and sign of the Communist ...

File:中國工農紅軍軍旗.svg, Flag of the

Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army( zh, labels=no, t=中國工農紅軍) or just the Red Army( zh, labels=no, t=紅軍), was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1928 to 1937. I ...

File:Flag of the Workers' Party of Korea.svg, Flag of the

with a hammer, sickle and paintbrush. File:DHKP.svg, Flag of the Turkish Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front File:বাংলাদেশ কমিউনিস্ট পার্টির পতাকা.svg, Flag of the Communist Party of Bangladesh File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1954–1991).svg,

Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The penultimate Soviet Union, USSR-era flag was adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, RSFSR) in 1954 and used until 1991. The flag of the Russian SFSR was a Defacement (flag), ...

from 1954 to 1991 File:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.svg, Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1950 to 1992 File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg, Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1951 to 1991 File:Flag of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1991).svg, Flag of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic from 1952 to 1991 File:Flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1991); Flag of Kazakhstan (1991–1992).svg, Flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic from 1953 to 1992 File:Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1990).svg, Flag of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1951 to 1990 File:Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1956–1991).svg, Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic from 1956 to 1991 File:Flag of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1988).svg, Flag of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1953 to 1988 File:Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg, Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1952 to 1990 File:Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg, Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1953 to 1990 File:Flag of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic.svg, Flag of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic from 1952 to 1992 File:Flag of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic.svg, Flag of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic from 1953 to 1991 File:Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1952–1990).svg, Flag of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1952 to 1990 File:Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic.svg, Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic from 1953 to 1992 File:Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1990).svg, Flag of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1953 to 1990 File:Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg,

Flag of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic The flag of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted by the Karelo-Finnish SSR on 3 March 1953. The flag's design was based on the flag of the Soviet Union, flag of the former Soviet Union, with the additional horizontal blue (1:6 ...

from 1953 to 1956 File:Communist star with golden border and red rims.svg, Emblem of the

Soviet Army The Soviet Ground Forces () was the land warfare service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1946 to 1992. It was preceded by the Red Army. After the Soviet Union ceased to exist in December 1991, the Ground Forces remained under th ...

File:Comintern Logo.svg, Logo of the

Communist International The Communist International, abbreviated as Comintern and also known as the Third International, was a political international which existed from 1919 to 1943 and advocated world communism. Emerging from the collapse of the Second Internationa ...

File:Logo of the Fourth International.svg, Symbol of the

Fourth International The Fourth International (FI) was a political international established in France in 1938 by Leon Trotsky and his supporters, having been expelled from the Soviet Union and the Communist International (also known as Comintern or the Third Inte ...

File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1923–1936).svg, First

State Emblem of the Soviet Union The State Emblem of the Soviet Union was the official symbol of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics adopted in 1923 and used until the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, dissolution of the state in 1991. Although it technically is an emblem ...

(1923–1936) File:Emblem of Laos (1975-1991).svg, State emblem of

Lao People's Democratic Republic Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west an ...

(1975–1991) File:КПСС.svg, Logo of the

Communist Party of the Soviet Union The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),. Abbreviated in Russian as КПСС, ''KPSS''. at some points known as the Russian Communist Party (RCP), All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet ...

File:Communist Party of Vietnam flag logo.svg, Logo of the

Communist Party of Vietnam The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by Hồ Chí Minh, the CPV became the ruling party of North Vietnam in 1954 and then all of Vietnam after the col ...

File:LPRP logo.svg, Logo of the

Lao People's Revolutionary Party The Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the Laos, Lao People's Democratic Republic. The party's monopoly on state power is guaranteed by Article 3 of the Constitution of Laos, and it ...

File:Nepal Communist Party.svg, Logo of the

Nepal Communist Party The Nepal Communist Party, abbreviated NCP (, ) was a communist party in Nepal that existed from 2018 to 2021. It was founded on 17 May 2018, from the unification of two Left-wing politics, leftist parties, Communist Party of Nepal (Unified M ...

File:Logo_Partito_Comunista_Italiano.svg, Logo of the

Italian Communist Party The Italian Communist Party (, PCI) was a communist and democratic socialist political party in Italy. It was established in Livorno as the Communist Party of Italy (, PCd'I) on 21 January 1921, when it seceded from the Italian Socialist Part ...

File:CPUSA.svg, Logo of the

Communist Party USA The Communist Party USA (CPUSA), officially the Communist Party of the United States of America, also referred to as the American Communist Party mainly during the 20th century, is a communist party in the United States. It was established ...

with a hammer, sickle and gear. File:Christian communism logo.svg, The

cross A cross is a religious symbol consisting of two Intersection (set theory), intersecting Line (geometry), lines, usually perpendicular to each other. The lines usually run vertically and horizontally. A cross of oblique lines, in the shape of t ...

and sickle, symbol of Christian communism and

. File:CPI_symbol.svg, Logo of the

Communist Party of India The Communist Party of India (CPI) is a political party in India. The CPI considers the Foundation of the Communist Party of India, December 26, 1925 Cawnpore (Kanpur) conference as its foundation date. Between 1946 and 1951, the CPI led m ...

with a sickle and wheat. File:State arms of the German Democratic Republic.svg, The

National emblem of East Germany The national emblem of East Germany was used to represent the German Democratic Republic from 1955 until German reunification. It featured a hammer and compass (drawing tool), compass surrounded by a ring of wheat, an example of socialist heraldr ...

, a compass, hammer and circle of rye. File:Hammer_und_Ähre.svg, The Emblem of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1946 to 1949, a hammer and ear of wheat. File:Emblem of Angola.svg, The Emblem of Angola. File:FRELIMO_Emblem.svg, Logo of

FRELIMO FRELIMO (; from , ) is a democratic socialist political party in Mozambique. It has governed the country since its independence from Portugal in 1975. Founded in 1962, FRELIMO began as a nationalist movement fighting for the self-determination ...

used from 1987 to 2004 with a hammer and hoe. File:Coat of arms of the People's Republic of the Congo.svg, Coat of arms of the

People's Republic of the Congo The People's Republic of the Congo () was a Marxist–Leninist socialist state that existed in the Republic of the Congo from 1969 to 1992. The People's Republic of the Congo was founded in December 1969 as the first Marxist-Leninist state ...

with a gold hammer, hoe, and star. File:Flag of the Communist Party of Ireland.svg, Flag of the Communist Party of Ireland, a red and yellow version of the Sunburst flag. File:Flag_of_the_Party_of_Communists_of_the_Republic_of_Moldova.svg, Flag of the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova, including a Book.

Red flag

File:Flag of the Communist Party of Cuba.svg, The flag of the

Communist Party of Cuba The Communist Party of Cuba (, PCC) is the sole ruling party of Cuba. It was founded on 3 October 1965 as the successor to the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution, which was in turn made up of the 26th of July Movement and Popu ...

. File:Young Mao Zedong flag.png, Flag of the Maoist Communist Party of China. File:Polish United Workers' Party flag.svg, Flag of the

Polish United Workers' Party The Polish United Workers' Party (, ), commonly abbreviated to PZPR, was the communist party which ruled the Polish People's Republic as a one-party state from 1948 to 1989. The PZPR had led two other legally permitted subordinate minor parti ...

Red star

File:Flag of Benin (1975–1990).svg, Flag of

People's Republic of Benin The People's Republic of Benin (; sometimes translated literally as the Benin Popular Republic or Popular Republic of Benin) was a socialist state located in the Gulf of Guinea on the African continent, which became present-day Benin in 1990 ...

(1975–1990) File:Flag of the Workers' Party of North Korea.svg, Flag of the

Workers' Party of North Korea The Workers' Party of North Korea () was a communist party in North Korea from 1946 to 1949 and was a predecessor of the current Workers' Party of Korea. It was founded at a congress on 28–30 August 1946, by the merger of the northern branc ...

File:Flag of the Workers' Party of South Korea.svg, Flag of the

Workers' Party of South Korea The Workers' Party of South Korea () was a communist party in South Korea from 1946 to 1949. It is also sometimes colloquially referred to as the "Namro Party" (). It was founded on 23 November 1946 through the merger of the Communist Party of ...

File:Flag of North Korea.svg,

Flag of North Korea The national flag of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) consists of a wide horizontal red stripe bordered above and below by a thin white stripe and a broad blue stripe. The red stripe is charged near the hoist with a fi ...

File:Emblem of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.svg,

Emblem of North Korea The National Emblem of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is one of the national symbols of North Korea. Prominent features on the emblem are a red star, a hydroelectric plant (the Sup'ung Dam) and Mount Paektu. The design bears simi ...

File:Flag of the EZLN.svg, Flag of the

EZLN The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (, EZLN), often referred to as the Zapatistas (), is a Far-left politics, far-left political and militant group that controls a Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipalities, substantial amount of territory ...

and the Neozapatista ideology File:Estelada roja.svg, Catalan

independentist red ''

estelada The Estelada (; pl. ''Estelades''; full name ''Senyera estelada'', , from ''estel'', "star") is a flag flown by Catalan independence, Catalan independence supporters to express their support for an independent Catalonia or independent ''Països ...

'' File:Flag of the Popular Front (Spain).svg, Flag of the Popular Front File:Flag of Kurdistan Workers' Party.svg, Flag of the

Kurdistan Workers' Party The Kurdistan Workers' Party, or the PKK, isDespite the PKK's 12th Congress announcing plans for total organisational dissolution, the PKK has not yet been dissolved de facto or de jure. a Kurds, Kurdish militant political organization and armed ...

File:Flag of Yippies.svg, Flag of the Youth International Party File:Flag of South Yemen.svg, Flag of

South Yemen South Yemen, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, abbreviated to Democratic Yemen, was a country in South Arabia that existed in what is now southeast Yemen from 1967 until Yemeni unification, its unification with the Yemen A ...

(1967–1990) File:Coat of arms of South Yemen (1970-1990).svg, Coat of Arms of South Yemen (1970–1990) File:Emblem of SFR Yugoslavia.svg, Emblem of

SFR Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), known from 1945 to 1963 as the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country ...

(1945–1992) File:Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg, Flag of

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (commonly abbreviated as SFRY or SFR Yugoslavia), known from 1945 to 1963 as the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as Socialist Yugoslavia or simply Yugoslavia, was a country ...

(1945–1992) File:Emblem of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1930-1936).svg, Emblem of the Transcaucasian SFSR (1930–1936) File:Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (variant).svg, Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR File:Flag of the Hungarian Working People's Party.svg, Flag of the Hungarian Working People's Party. File:Coat of arms of Hungary (1957-1990).svg, Coat of arms of

Hungarian People's Republic The Hungarian People's Republic (HPR) was a landlocked country in Central Europe from its formation on 20 August 1949 until the establishment of the current Hungary, Republic of Hungary on 23 October 1989. It was a professed Communist_state# ...

(1957–1990) File:Order of Victory.svg, Soviet

Order of Victory The Order of Victory () was the highest military decoration awarded for World War II service in the Soviet Union, and one of the rarest orders in the world. The order was awarded only to Generals and Marshals for successfully conducting combat ...

Award (1945) File:China Emblem PLA.svg, Emblem of the

Chinese People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). It consists of four Military branch, services—People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Ground Force, People's ...

File:RAF-Logo.svg, Logo of the

Red Army Faction The Red Army Faction (, ; RAF ),See the section "Name" also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang ( ), was a West German far-left militant group founded in 1970 and active until 1998, considered a terrorist organisat ...

(

West Germany West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republi ...

) File:Tupamaro Venezuela logo.png, Logo of the Revolutionary Movement Tupamaro (Venezuela) File:United Socialist Party of Venezuela logo.gif, Logo of the

United Socialist Party of Venezuela The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (, PSUV, ) is a Socialism, socialist political party which has been the ruling party of Venezuela since 2007. It was formed from a merger of some of the political and social forces that support the Bolivar ...

File:Logo_–_Parti_communiste_français_(2018).svg, Logo of the

French Communist Party The French Communist Party (, , PCF) is a Communism, communist list of political parties in France, party in France. The PCF is a member of the Party of the European Left, and its Member of the European Parliament, MEPs sit with The Left in the ...

File:Rødt_logo_(bokmål).svg, Logo of the

Red Party (Norway) The Red Party (; ; ) is a socialist political party in Norway. It was founded in March 2007 by a merger of the Red Electoral Alliance and the Workers' Communist Party. A Marxist party, it has been described as left-wingConfederación Nacional del Trabajo (Spain) File:Flag of the FSLN.svg, Flag of the Sandinistas (Nicaragua) File:M-26-7.svg, Flag of the 26th of July Movement (Cuba) File:Flag of ELN.svg, Flag of the

National Liberation Army (Colombia) The National Liberation Army (, ELN) is a far-left guerrilla insurgency group involved in the continuing Colombian conflict,

File:Flag of the Rebel Armed Forces.svg, Flag of the Rebel Armed Forces (Guatemala) File:Flag of the Revolutionary Movement 13th November.svg, Flag of the Revolutionary Movement 13th November (Guatemala) File:BanderaPVP.svg, Flag of the Partido por la Victoria del Pueblo (Uruguay) File:Flag of the MIR - Chile.svg, Flag of the Revolutionary Left Movement (Chile) File:Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (bandeira).svg, Flag of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola File:Flag of Angola.svg, The

flag of Angola The national flag of Angola is a horizontal bicolour of red and black, charged in the center with a yellow emblem consisting of a machete crossed by a half- cogwheel and crowned with a five-pointed star. It was adopted on 11 November 1975, ...

File:Awami Tahreek (Sindh).svg, Flag of the Awami Tahreek (Pakistan) File:Tupamaro flag.png, Flag of the Revolutionary Movement Tupamaro (Venezuela) File:Emblema Partido Intransigente.svg, Flag of the Intransigent Party (Argentina) File:Antifalogo.svg, The logo for Antifa

Plough

File:Starry Plough flag (with fringe).svg, The Starry Plough flag used by the

File:StarryPlough-darkblue.svg, A modern variant of the Starry Plough used by the

Irish National Liberation Army The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA, ) is an Irish republicanism, Irish republican Socialism, socialist paramilitary group formed on 8 December 1974, during the 30-year period of conflict known as "the Troubles". The group seeks to remove ...

File:Irish Republican Socialist Party Flag.svg, Flag of the Irish Republican Socialist Party and the

Irish People's Liberation Organisation The Irish People's Liberation Organisation was a small Irish socialist republican paramilitary organisation formed in 1986 by disaffected and expelled members of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA), whose factions coalesced in the after ...

File:The logo of Labour Party in Ireland 2021.svg, 2021 logo of the

Labour Party (Ireland) The Labour Party (, ) is a centre-left and social democratic political party in the Republic of Ireland. Founded on 28 May 1912 in Clonmel, County Tipperary, by James Connolly, James Larkin, and William O'Brien as the political wing of the ...

File:Chinese Peasants' Association Flag.svg, Flag of the Chinese Peasants' Association File:Republic of China flag defaced with Plough.png, Flag of the Guangdong Peasants' Association during the period of the

First United Front The First United Front , also known as the KMT–CCP Alliance, of the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), was formed in 1924 as an alliance to end Warlord Era, warlordism in China. Together they formed the National Revolution ...

File:Soviet_Red_Army_Hammer_and_Plough.svg, Star, hammer and plough cockade of the

(1918, soon replaced with a hammer and sickle cockade).

Arabic-Communist Symbols

File:CHROMO-LITHOGRAPH SOVIET TATARSTAN USSR EMBLEM Tatar Sûrâlar Cumhuriyeti armasi. i.e. Emblem of Soviet Tatar Republic.png, Tatarstani USSR Emblem by an unknown artist showcasing the friendship between two farmers

Other symbols

File:Flag_of_JCP.svg, The emblem of the

Japanese Communist Party The is a communist party in Japan. Founded in 1922, it is the oldest political party in the country. It has 250,000 members as of January 2024, making it one of the largest non-governing communist parties in the world. The party is chaired ...

. It represents the two aspects of industry and agriculture, with the ear of rice and the cog in front of four red flags. File:Flag of Vietnam.svg, The flag of Vietnam, an example of a red flag with a gold star. File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg, alt=Flag of the People's Republic of China.,

Flag of the People's Republic of China The national flag of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Five-star Red Flag, is a Chinese red field with five golden stars charged at the canton. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in an arc set off t ...

. File:Logo of the Swiss Party of Labour.svg, Logo of the Swiss Party of Labour, a

Phrygian cap The Phrygian cap ( ), also known as Thracian cap and liberty cap, is a soft Pointed hat, conical Hat, cap with the apex bent over, associated in Classical antiquity, antiquity with several peoples in Eastern Europe, Anatolia, and Asia. The Phry ...

with a Swiss cross on it. File:Emblem of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan.svg, Emblem of the

People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA), known as the Homeland Party ( Dari: , ) from June 1990, was a Marxist–Leninist political party in Afghanistan established on 1 January 1965. Four members of the party won seats in the 1965 ...

, with a gold ear of grain and a gear on a red background. File:Socialist Labor Party of America logo.svg, Emblem of the

, an arm and hammer. File:American Labor Party logo.svg, Emblem of the American Labor Party, a cogwheel with two hands shaking. File:Pioneers pin rs.svg, Young Pioneers pin featuring a stylized portrait of

. File:LittleRedBook English.jpg, Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung (aka the "Little Red Book"), associated with Maoism. File:Marx Engels Lenin.svg, Flag featuring the "Three Heads" of

Karl Marx Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet '' The Communist Manifesto'' (written with Friedrich Engels) ...

Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels ( ;"Engels"
''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary''.Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov ( 187021 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until Death and state funeral of ...

. File:Marx_-_Engels_-_Lenin_-_Stalin.svg, The "Four Heads" of Marxism: Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin. File:Marx Engels Lenin Stalin Mao vector portraits.svg, The "Five Heads" of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, and Mao. File:Che por Jim Fitzpatrick.svg, Che Guevara's image, symbol of Guevarism. File:Camilo, Fidel, y Che.svg, A flag with the faces of

Camilo Cienfuegos Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán (; 6 February 1932 – 28 October 1959) was a Cuban revolutionary. One of the major figures of the Cuban Revolution, he was considered second only to Fidel Castro among the revolutionary leadership. The son of An ...

Fidel Castro Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban politician and revolutionary who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and President of Cuba, president ...

, and

. File:Да здравствует пятая годовщина великой пролетарской революции (плакат).jpg, A revolutionary worker in socialist realist style. File:Fist_.svg, Stylized raised fist, used both as a symbol in itself and as a salute. File:Zapatismo Idea.jpg, The portraits of

Emiliano Zapata Emiliano Zapata Salazar (; 8 August 1879 – 10 April 1919) was a Mexican revolutionary. He was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution of 1910–1920, the main leader of the people's revolution in the Mexican state of Morelos, and the insp ...

, and

Subcomandante Marcos Rafael Sebastián Guillén Vicente (born 19 June 1957) is a Mexican insurgent, the former military leader and spokesman for the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) in the ongoing Chiapas conflict,Pasztor, S. B. (2004). "Marcos, Subcoman ...

, all symbols used in the

Neozapatismo Neozapatismo or Neozapatism (sometimes simply Zapatismo) is the political philosophy and practice devised and employed by the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (, EZLN), who have instituted governments in a Rebel Zapatista Autonomous Municipa ...

ideology.

References

Bibliography

* Arvidsson, Stefan (2017). ''Style and mythology of socialism: socialist idealism, 1871-1914''. Routledge. * Barisone, Silvia, Czech, Hans-Jörg & Doll, Nikola (2007). ''Kunst und Propaganda im Streit der Nationen 1930 - 1945: eine Ausstellung des Deutschen Historischen Museums Berlin in Zusammenarbeit mit The Wolfsonian-Florida International University''. Dresden: Sandstein. * Groys, Boris (2011

992 Year 992 ( CMXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Worldwide * Winter – A superflare from the sun causes an Aurora Borealis, with visibility as far south as Germany and Korea. Euro ...

. ''The total art of Stalinism: avant-garde, aesthetic dictatorship, and beyond''. Verso Books. * King, David (2009). ''Red star over Russia: a visual history of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the death of Stalin : posters, photographs and graphics from the David King collection''. London: Tate.

External links

"Blog: Heart in a Hearless World"
{{Communism Red symbols

Hammer and sickle

Red star

Red flag

Red and black flag

''The Internationale''

Plough or Starry Plough

National emblems

Other communist symbols

Gallery

Hammer and sickle

Red flag

Red star

Plough

Arabic-Communist Symbols

Other symbols

See also

References

Bibliography

External links