Commissioner Of Police (India)
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Commissioners of Police (also known as Police Commissioners) in India are IPS officers who head the police force in a police commissionerate. A police commissionerate can combine several adjoining
districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
under it. A Police Commissioner may or may not hold certain powers of the executive magistrate, contrary to the
Superintendent of Police Superintendent (Supt) is a rank in the British police and in most English-speaking Commonwealth nations. In many Commonwealth countries, the full version is superintendent of police (SP). The rank is also used in most British Overseas Territori ...
(SP) or Senior SP (SSP) in charge of a
police district Police district is a form of division of a geographical area patrolled by a police force. The 1885 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' stated: Police forces using this format include: * Chicago Police Department * Baltimore Police Department * York Regi ...
who depends on the
district magistrate The district magistrate, also known as the district collector or deputy commissioner, is a career civil servant who serves as the executive head of a district's administration in India. The specific name depends on the state or union territo ...
to issue orders. Commissioner of Police (CP) is a post that can be held by an IPS officer of the rank SP and above, depending upon the sanction provided by the respective state government (or in case of Delhi, by the
Government of India The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India or the Central Government) is the national authority of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of States and union t ...
).


History and description

Traditionally at the district level, the
Superintendent of Police Superintendent (Supt) is a rank in the British police and in most English-speaking Commonwealth nations. In many Commonwealth countries, the full version is superintendent of police (SP). The rank is also used in most British Overseas Territori ...
(SP) or Senior SP (SSP) maintains law and order by working with the
District Magistrate The district magistrate, also known as the district collector or deputy commissioner, is a career civil servant who serves as the executive head of a district's administration in India. The specific name depends on the state or union territo ...
(DM). Under the Commissioners of Police (CP) system, the state governments may or may not grant certain powers of the executive magistrate to the commissioner, contrary to the Superintendent of Police or Senior SP of a
police district Police district is a form of division of a geographical area patrolled by a police force. The 1885 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' stated: Police forces using this format include: * Chicago Police Department * Baltimore Police Department * York Regi ...
who depends on the district magistrate. For large metropolitan cities, the CP system is generally considered more suitable policing system. The commissioner is assisted by special commissioner, joint commissioner, additional commissioner, deputy commissioner, assistant commissioner of police. The Commissionerates present in
New Delhi New Delhi (; ) is the Capital city, capital of India and a part of the Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT). New Delhi is the seat of all three branches of the Government of India, hosting the Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Parliament ...
,
Chennai Chennai, also known as Madras (List of renamed places in India#Tamil Nadu, its official name until 1996), is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population, largest city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost states and ...
,
Madurai Madurai ( , , ), formerly known as Madura, is a major city in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the cultural capital of Tamil Nadu and the administrative headquarters of Madurai District, which is ...
,
Coimbatore Coimbatore (Tamil: kōyamputtūr, ), also known as Kovai (), is one of the major Metropolitan cities of India, metropolitan cities in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of the Noyy ...
, and
Kolkata Kolkata, also known as Calcutta ( its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary ...
can be considered true Commissionerates as they exercise the powers of the District Magistrate and the Executive Magistrate. The organisational structure of the police commissionerates varies state to state. For instance, the Police Commissioners of
Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...
,
Mumbai Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...
and
Kolkata Kolkata, also known as Calcutta ( its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary ...
report directly to the state government and not to the DGP. Similarly, in
Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile ...
, the Commissioner of Police does not have magisterial powers.


Commissionerates

A Police Commissionerate's jurisdiction can consist of several adjoining
districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...
. The
Hyderabad City Police Hyderabad City Police is the local law enforcement agency for the city of Hyderabad, Telangana and is headed by the Commissioner of Police. The city police traces its origins to 1847 under Hyderabad State. History 1847–1948 The Nizam of Hydera ...
commissionerate since 1847 AD, established in the erstwhile
Hyderabad State Hyderabad State () was a princely state in the Deccan region of south-central India with its capital at the city of Hyderabad. It is now divided into the present-day state of Telangana, the Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka, and the ...
by the
Nizams Nizam of Hyderabad was the title of the ruler of Hyderabad State ( part of the Indian state of Telangana, and the Kalyana-Karnataka region of Karnataka). ''Nizam'' is a shortened form of (; ), and was the title bestowed upon Asaf Jah I ...
is the oldest police commissionerate in India. The British India government brought the CP system first to Kolkata and Chennai in 1856, and followed it in Mumbai in 1864.


Organisational structure

The police commissionerate is headed by a Commissioner of Police (CP). The post of Commissioner of Police can be held by an IPS officer of the rank SP and above, depending upon the sanction provided by the respective state government (or, in the case of
Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...
, by the
Government of India The Government of India (ISO 15919, ISO: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the Union Government or Union of India or the Central Government) is the national authority of the Republic of India, located in South Asia, consisting of States and union t ...
). The commissioner of police is assisted by special, joint, additional, deputy, and assistant commissioners of police, sanctioned by the respective state government. The organisation consists units like law and order, crimes, administration, armed reserve police, traffic police, special branch, security, etc. For the maintenance of law and order, there are police zones, divisions and sub divisions. Typically divisions are headed by deputy commissioners of police (DCPs), and sub divisions are headed by assistant commissioners of police (ACPs).


Hierarchy

The hierarchy of posts in Police Commissionerate system of Delhi is as given below, Police Commissionerate system in other cities may not have one or more of these posts:- * Commissioner of Police (CP) i.e. DGP equivalent * Special Commissioner of Police (Spl.CP) i.e. ADG equivalent * Joint Commissioner of Police (Jt. CP) i.e. IG equivalent * Additional Commissioner of Police (Addl.CP) i.e. DIG equivalent * Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP) i.e. SSP or SP equivalent * Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (Addl.DCP) i.e. Addl. SP equivalent * Assistant commissioner of police (ACP) i.e. DSP or ASP equivalent The subordinate police officers' hierarchy in the Police Commissionerate system is the same as in a district police headed by a Senior SP/SP, including ranks such as police inspector, sub-inspector, assistant sub-inspector, head constable, and constable.IMPACT OF POLICE COMMISSIONERATES ON POLICE EFFECTIVENESS AND POLICING OUTCOMES ;
Bureau of Police Research and Development The Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D) was set up on the 28 August 1970 to further the objectives of the Government of India regarding the modernisation of Indian Police Service, police forces. It has since evolved into a multi ...
Government of Indi

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List of commissioners of police

Following is the list of commissioners of police (CP) in India, along with their respective ranks (these ranks can vary from time to time):-


Andhra Pradesh Police The Andhra Pradesh Police is the law enforcement agency of the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Public order and police being a state subject in India, the police force is headed by the Director General of Police, Harish Kumar Gupta, IPS. The ...


Assam Police The Assam Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Assam in India. The regular police force was initiated in Assam by the British after the Treaty of Yandaboo to maintain the law and order. It functions under the Department of Hom ...


Delhi Police The Delhi Police (DP) is the law enforcement agency for the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Delhi Police falls under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. In 2024, the sanctioned strength of Delhi Police w ...


Gujarat Police The ' is the law enforcement agency for the state of Gujarat in India. The Gujarat Police has its headquarters in Gandhinagar, the state capital, and Ahmedabad. The Gujarat Police Department came into existence after Gujarat's separation fr ...


Haryana Police The Haryana Police Department is the law enforcement agency for the state of Haryana, India. Present DGP of Haryana Police is Shatrujeet Singh Kapoor since August 16, 2023. He is an IPS officer of 1990 batch. History The Haryana Police were ...


Karnataka Police The Karnataka State Police is the law enforcement agency for the Indian state of Karnataka. It was established in 1965 and is headquartered in Bengaluru, the capital city of Karnataka. The KSP is a state police force that works under the purvi ...


Kerala Police The Kerala Police is the law enforcement agency for the Indian state of Kerala. Kerala Police has its headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital. The motto of the force is "Mridhu Bhave Dhrida Kruthye" which means "Soft in Temperament, ...


Madhya Pradesh Police The Madhya Pradesh Police also known as MP Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. Organizational structure Madhya Pradesh Police is headed by the Director General of Police (DGP). The Director General o ...


Maharashtra Police Maharashtra Police (IAST: ''Mahārāṣṭra Polīs Sēvā'', formerly '' Bombay State Police'') is the law enforcement agency responsible for the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is headed by Director General of Police, Rashmi Shukla (IPS), an ...


Nagaland Police The Nagaland Police is the law enforcement agency for the Indian state of Nagaland. The headquarters of the Nagaland Police is located at Nagaland Police Headquarters in Police Reserve Hill, Kohima. It is headed by the Director General of Polic ...


Odisha Police The Odisha Police, abbreviated either as OP or OPS, is the law enforcement agency for the state of Odisha in India. It is headquartered in Cuttack, the former capital of Odisha. The Odisha Police is headed by a Director General of Police, curr ...


Punjab Police


Rajasthan Police The Rajasthan Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India and is headquartered in Jaipur, the state capital. History The history of Indian Police Service, Indian police under British Raj, British rule ...


Tamil Nadu Police Tamil Nadu Police is the primary law enforcement agency of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is over 150 years old and is the fifth largest state police force in India.


Telangana Police The Telangana Police, officially known as the, Telangana Police Department is the law enforcement agency for the state of Telangana in India. It has jurisdiction concurrent with the 33 revenue districts of the state. The police force was create ...


Uttar Pradesh Police


West Bengal Police The West Bengal Police () is the primary law enforcement agency for the Indian state of West Bengal, excluding the metropolitan area of Kolkata, which has its own separate police force. It is responsible for maintaining public order, preventing ...


States and UTs without CP

The following police forces in India do not have Police Commissionerate (i.e. Commissioner of Police or CP) system:-


States

*
Arunachal Pradesh Police The Arunachal Pradesh Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Arunachal Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh (; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeast India. It was formed from the North-East Frontier Agency ( ...
*
Bihar Police The Bihar Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Bihar, India, with its headquarters in Patna. As per official figures, Bihar Police has a sanctioned strength of 2,29,000 personnel, and as of 2024, it employs 1,10,000 personnel. ...
*
Chhattisgarh Police The Chhattisgarh Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Chhattisgarh in India. The agency is administered by the Department of Home Affairs of the Government of Chhattisgarh. The force has specialized units to fight the Naxalit ...
*
Goa Police The Goa Police is the law enforcement agency for the coastal state of Goa, India. Organisational structure The Goa Police operates under direct control of the Department of Home Affairs, Government of Goa. Hierarchy Officers *Director general ...
*
Himachal Pradesh Police The Himachal Pradesh Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. It has one state headquarters at Shimla and 12 district headquarters in the state. History Himachal Pradesh as political entity came into e ...
* Jharkhand Police *
Manipur Police The Manipur Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Manipur in India. Organizational structure Manipur Police comes under direct control of Department of Home Affairs, Government of Manipur The Government of Manipur (; /m ...
*
Meghalaya Police The Meghalaya Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Meghalaya Meghalaya (; "the abode of clouds") is a states and union territories of India, state in northeast India. Its capital is Shillong. Meghalaya was formed on 21 J ...
*
Mizoram Police The Mizoram Police Force is the law enforcing agency of the state of Mizoram, India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country ...
*
Sikkim Police Sikkim Police is the law enforcement agency of the government of Sikkim in India. It holds responsibilities to patrol the streets and maintain law and order within the state of Sikkim. It is headquartered in the state capital Gangtok. The Sikki ...
*
Tripura Police Tripura Police is the law enforcement agency of the state of Tripura which organizes and is responsible for policing activities in the state of Tripura, Northeast India. It was formed in the year 1965. Currently Shri Anurag Dhankar, IPS is D ...
*
Uttarakhand Police The Uttarakhand Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Uttarakhand in India. It was formed in 2000. Uttarakhand Police Constable Notification 2024: The Uttarakhand Subordinate Selection Commission (UKSSSC) has published an offi ...
Among the 10 most populous states of India, only
Bihar Bihar ( ) is a states and union territories of India, state in Eastern India. It is the list of states and union territories of India by population, second largest state by population, the List of states and union territories of India by are ...
(3rd most populous) does not have CP system in any of its cities.


Union territories

* Andaman and Nicobar Islands Police *
Chandigarh Police The Chandigarh Police is the law enforcement agency for the Union Territory of Chandigarh Chandigarh is a city and union territory in northern India, serving as the shared capital of the states of Punjab and Haryana. Situated near the ...
*
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Police Dadra is associated with the Hindustani classical music of the Indian subcontinent. Dadra tala This is a Hindustani classical '' tala'' (rhythmic cycle), consisting of six beats in two equal divisions of three. The most commonly accepted theka ...
*
Jammu and Kashmir Police The Jammu and Kashmir Police is the police force of Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. JKP was established in 1873 and has primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation within Jammu and Kashmir. History The first ...
*
Ladakh Police Ladakh Police is the  police agency responsible for law enforcement and investigations within the Union territory of Ladakh, India. It came into existence on 31 October 2019. History The union territory of Ladakh was ...
* Lakshadweep Police *
Puducherry Police The Puducherry Police (French: ''Police de Pondichéry'') is the law enforcement agency for the Union Territory of Puducherry in India. Origins The Puducherry Police date back to the period of French colonial rule prior to 1954. Separate Arme ...


Largest cities without CP

Among the Indian cities having population above 1.5 million (2011 Census), the only city which does not have CP system is
Patna Patna (; , ISO 15919, ISO: ''Paṭanā''), historically known as Pataliputra, Pāṭaliputra, is the List of state and union territory capitals in India, capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India. According to the United Nations, ...
.


See also

* Director general of police *
District magistrate The district magistrate, also known as the district collector or deputy commissioner, is a career civil servant who serves as the executive head of a district's administration in India. The specific name depends on the state or union territo ...
*
Divisional commissioner A Divisional Commissioner, also known as Commissioner of division, is an Indian Administrative Service officer who serves as the administrator of a division of a state in India. The post is referred to as regional commissioner in Karnataka ...
*
Law enforcement in India Law enforcement in India is imperative to keep law and Law and order (politics), order in the nation. Law of India, Indian law is enforced by a number of Law enforcement agency, agencies. India has a multi-layered law enforcement structure wi ...
* Municipal commissioner * Police forces of India *
Police ranks and insignia of India Police services in India comprises the Indian Police Service (IPS), DANIPS, and Pondicherry Police Service recruited by the central government, along with various State Police Services (SPS) recruited by state governments. As policing is a state s ...


Notes


References


External links

{{Law enforcement in India Police ranks of India *
Law enforcement in India Law enforcement in India is imperative to keep law and Law and order (politics), order in the nation. Law of India, Indian law is enforced by a number of Law enforcement agency, agencies. India has a multi-layered law enforcement structure wi ...