In
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
, the ''tribunal de commerce'' (plural ''tribunaux de commerce'', literally "commercial courts") are the oldest courts in the
French judicial organization. They were created at the end of the Middle Ages.
The
commercial court has jurisdiction over commercial cases: disputes between merchants, disputes over commercial acts, controversies involving commercial corporations, and bankruptcy proceedings.
The judges of the commercial courts are not career judges but elected traders. They are elected for terms of two or four years by an electoral college made up of current and former judges of the commercial courts and traders’ delegates (délégués consulaires), who are themselves traders elected in the area within the jurisdiction of the court.
There are 134 commercial courts in France.
Ordinary courts - France
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See also
*Justice in France
Status and organisation
France's independent court system enjoys special statutory protection from the executive branch. Procedures for the appointment, promotion, and removal of judges vary depending on whether it is for the ordinary ("") or th ...
* French criminal law
French criminal law is "the set of legal rules that govern the State's response to offenses and offenders". It is one of the branches of the Legal system, juridical system of the France, French Republic. The field of criminal law is defined as ...
* French criminal code
The French criminal code () is the codification of French criminal law (). It took effect March 1, 1994 and replaced the French Penal Code of 1810, which had until then been in effect. This in turn has become known as the "old penal code" in t ...
- distinguish from French code of criminal procedure
* Court of Appeals
An appellate court, commonly called a court of appeal(s), appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear a case upon appeal from a trial court or other lower tribunal. Appellat ...
- in common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law primarily developed through judicial decisions rather than statutes. Although common law may incorporate certain statutes, it is largely based on prece ...
jurisdictions; does not apply in France - See Court of Appeal (France)
In France, a ''cour d'appel'' (; court of appeal) of the ''ordre judiciaire'' (judiciary) is a ''juridiction de droit commun du second degré'', an appellate court of general jurisdiction. It reviews the judgments of a ''tribunal judiciaire''. Whe ...
for appeals under French ( civil) law
* Court of Appeal (France)
In France, a ''cour d'appel'' (; court of appeal) of the ''ordre judiciaire'' (judiciary) is a ''juridiction de droit commun du second degré'', an appellate court of general jurisdiction. It reviews the judgments of a ''tribunal judiciaire''. Whe ...
- differs considerably from common law jurisdictions - See Court of Appeals
An appellate court, commonly called a court of appeal(s), appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear a case upon appeal from a trial court or other lower tribunal. Appellat ...
for appeals in common law
* Cour d'assise
* Court of Cassation
A court of cassation is a high-instance court that exists in some judicial systems. Courts of cassation do not re-examine the facts of a case; they only interpret the relevant law. In this, they are appellate courts of the highest instance. In ...
-general discussion
* Court of Cassation (France)
The Court of Cassation (, ) is the supreme court for civil and criminal cases in France. It is France's highest court. It is one of the country's four superior courts, along with the Conseil d'État (France), Council of State, the Constitutiona ...
* {{ill, Tribunal de grande instance (France), fr, v=sup
* Police Tribunal (France)
References
External links
Court Registrar of the Commercial Court of Paris
Judiciary of France
Courts by type