''Polygonia'' (from

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

πολύς - ''polys'', "many" and γωνία - ''gōnia'', "angle") is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

butterflies Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises t ...

with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name comma. They also have conspicuous angular notches on the outer edges of their forewings, hence the other common name

anglewing Nymphalini is a tribe of nymphalid brush-footed butterflies. Common names include admirals, anglewings, commas, and tortoiseshells, but none of these is specific to one particular genus. The name anglewing butterflies is an English translation ...

butterflies. The related genus ''

Nymphalis ''Nymphalis'', commonly known as the tortoiseshells or anglewing butterflies, is a genus of brush-footed butterflies. The genera ''Aglais'', '' Inachis'', ''Polygonia'' and '' Kaniska'', were sometimes included as subgenera of ''Nymphalis''

'' also includes some anglewing species; ''Polygonia'' is sometimes classified as a subgenus of ''Nymphalis''. Many members of ''Polygonia''

hibernate Hibernation is a state of minimal activity and metabolic depression undergone by some animal species. Hibernation is a seasonal heterothermy characterized by low body-temperature, slow breathing and heart-rate, and low metabolic rate. It most ...

as adults. Species include:Wahlberg, N. et al. (2009)
Timing major conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in species relationships of ''Polygonia'' butterflies (Nymphalidae: Nymphalini).
''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 9:92. * ''

Polygonia c-album ''Polygonia c-album'', the comma, is a food generalist (polyphagous) butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. The angular notches on the edges of the forewings are characteristic of the genus '' Polygonia'', which is why species i ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – comma * ''

Polygonia c-aureum ''Polygonia c-aureum'', the Asian comma, is a middle-size butterfly found in Japan (from Hokkaidō to Tanegashima), Korean Peninsula, China, Taiwan, and Indochina. Appearance It has a wingspan of 27 mm. Wings are orange with black dot ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – Asian comma * ''

Polygonia comma ''Polygonia comma'', the eastern comma, is a North American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, subfamily Nymphalinae. Description This butterfly is seasonally variable. The upperside of the summer form's hindwings are all black, whereas the ...

'' (Harris, 1842) – eastern comma * ''

Polygonia egea ''Polygonia egea'', the southern comma, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Europe. The butterfly flies from March to September depending on the location. The larvae feed on ''Parietaria officinalis ''Parietari ...

'' (Cramer, 1775) – southern comma * ''

Polygonia faunus ''Polygonia faunus'', the green comma, Faunus comma, or Faunus anglewing is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. Subspecies Subspecies include: *''Polygonia faunus smythi'' *''Polygonia faunus faunus'' *''Polygonia faunus articus'' *''Polyg ...

'' (Edwards, 1862) – Faunus anglewing, Faunus comma, green comma * ''

Polygonia g-argenteum ''Polygonia'' (from Greek πολύς - ''polys'', "many" and γωνία - ''gōnia'', "angle") is a genus of butterflies with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name comma. They also have conspicuous a ...

'' Doubleday & Hewitson, 1846 – Mexican anglewing * ''

Polygonia gigantea ''Polygonia gigantea'', the giant comma, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in western and central China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most pop ...

'' (Leech, 1883) – giant comma * ''

Polygonia gracilis The hoary comma (''Polygonia gracilis'') is a species of butterfly, common in boreal North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the nort ...

'' (Grote & Robinson, 1867) – hoary comma * ''

Polygonia haroldii ''Polygonia'' (from Greek πολύς - ''polys'', "many" and γωνία - ''gōnia'', "angle") is a genus of butterflies with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name comma. They also have conspicuous a ...

'' Dewitz, 1877 – spotless anglewing * ''

Polygonia interposita ''Polygonia interposita'' is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Ghissar to the Altai Mountains, north-western China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world ...

'' (Staudinger, 1881) * ''

Polygonia interrogationis ''Polygonia interrogationis'', commonly called the question mark butterfly, is a North American nymphalid butterfly. It lives in wooded areas, city parks, generally in areas with a combination of trees and open space. The color and textured appe ...

'' (Fabricius, 1798) – question mark * ''

Polygonia oreas ''Polygonia oreas'', the oreas comma, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in North America in the mountains from southern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta to northern California. The wingspan is 42–52 mm. ...

'' (Edwards, 1869) – oreas anglewing, oreas comma, sylvan anglewing * ''

Polygonia progne ''Polygonia progne'', the gray comma or grey comma, is a species of ''Polygonia'' that occurs in North America. Description Its wingspan is between 4.4 and 6.3 cm. The top of the wings is bright orange brown while the summer forms often ha ...

'' (Cramer, 1775) – grey comma, gray comma * ''

Polygonia satyrus ''Polygonia satyrus'', the satyr comma, is a North American butterfly of the nymphalid family. It is primarily found in western Canada, where it is locally common. It bears a resemblance to ''Polygonia comma ''Polygonia comma'', the easter ...

'' (Edwards, 1869) – satyr anglewing, satyr comma * ''

Polygonia undina ''Polygonia undina'' is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae first described by Grigory Grum-Grshimailo in 1890. It is found from Ghissar-Darvaz to the Pamirs-Alai and Tian-Shan in north-western China and the Himalayas. Taxonomy It was trea ...

'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1890) * ''

Polygonia zephyrus ''Polygonia'' (from Greek πολύς - ''polys'', "many" and γωνία - ''gōnia'', "angle") is a genus of butterflies with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name comma. They also have conspicuous a ...

'' (Edwards, 1870) – zephyr comma

Notes

References

Family Nymphalidae.
Butterflies of Canada.

Zdenek Fric. Nymphalini Butterfly genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner {{Nymphalinae-stub