Comecrudo, also , is an extinct Comecrudan language of

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

. The name ''Comecrudo'' is Spanish for "eat-raw". It was best recorded in a list of 148 words in 1829 by French

botanist Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...

Jean Louis Berlandier (Berlandier called it "Mulato") (Berlandier ''et al.'' 1828–1829). It was spoken on the lower Rio Grande near Reynosa,

Tamaulipas Tamaulipas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas, is a state in Mexico; one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 43 municipalities. It is located in nor ...

, in

. Comecrudo has often been considered a

Coahuiltecan The Coahuiltecan were various small, autonomous bands of Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Native Americans who inhabited the Rio Grande valley in what is now northeastern Mexico and southern Texas. The various Coahuiltecan groups were hunter ga ...

language although most linguists now consider the relationship between them unprovable due to the lack of information. Comecrudo tribal names were recorded in 1748 (Saldivar 1943): * Sepinpacam * Perpepug * Atanaguaypacam / Atanaouajapaca (also known as Atanaguipacane) In 1861, German Adolph Uhde published a travelogue with some vocabulary (Uhde called the language ''Carrizo'', Spanish for "reed") (Uhde 1861: 185–186). In 1886, Albert Gatschet recorded vocabulary, sentences, and a short text from the descendants (who were not fluent) of the last Comecrudo speakers near Camargo,

, at Las Prietas (Swanton 1940: 55–118). The best of these consultants were Emiterio, Joaquin, and Andrade. An automated computational analysis ( ASJP 4) by Müller et al. (2013)Müller, André, Viveka Velupillai, Søren Wichmann, Cecil H. Brown, Eric W. Holman, Sebastian Sauppe, Pamela Brown, Harald Hammarström, Oleg Belyaev, Johann-Mattis List, Dik Bakker, Dmitri Egorov, Matthias Urban, Robert Mailhammer, Matthew S. Dryer, Evgenia Korovina, David Beck, Helen Geyer, Pattie Epps, Anthony Grant, and Pilar Valenzuela. 2013.
ASJP World Language Trees of Lexical Similarity: Version 4 (October 2013)
'. found lexical similarities with

Uto-Aztecan The Uto-Aztecan languages are a family of native American languages, consisting of over thirty languages. Uto-Aztecan languages are found almost entirely in the Western United States and Mexico. The name of the language family reflects the common ...

, likely due to borrowings.

References

* Berlandier, Jean L. (1969). ''The Indians of Texas in 1830''. Ewers, John C. (Ed.). Washington: Smithsonian Institution. * Berlandier, Jean L.; & Chowell, Rafael (1828–1829). ocabularies of languages of south Texas and the lower Rio Grande (Additional manuscripts, no. 38720, in the British Library, London.) * Berlandier, Jean L.; & Chowell, Rafael (1850). Luis Berlandier and Rafael Chovell. Diario de viaje de la Comisión de Límites''. Mexico. * Gatschet, Albert S. (1886). ield notes on Comecrudo and Cotoname, collected at Las Prietas, Tamaulipas Smithsonian Institution, National Anthropological Archives Ms. no. 297. * Swanton, John. (1940). Linguistics material from the tribes of southern Texas and northern Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin, 127 (pp. 1–145). * Uhde, Adolph. (1861). ''Die Länder am untern Rio Bravo del Norte''. Heidelberg: J. C. B. Mohr. Pakawan languages Comecrudan languages Extinct languages of North America Languages attested from the 18th century Languages extinct in the 19th century {{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub

See also

References

Further reading