''Colobodus'' is an

extinct Extinction is the termination of an organism by the death of its Endling, last member. A taxon may become Functional extinction, functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to Reproduction, reproduce and ...

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of marine

Triassic The Triassic ( ; sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya. The Triassic is t ...

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webbings of sk ...

of the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Colobodontidae and

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * A socio-political or established or existing order, e.g. World order, Ancien Regime, Pax Britannica * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood ...

Perleidiformes Perleidiformes are an extinct order (biology), order of prehistoric ray-finned fish from the Triassic period (geology), period Although numerous Triassic taxa have been referred to Perleidiformes, which ones should be included for it to form a mo ...

. Fossils have been found in Europe (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland) and China, encompassing the former

Tethys Ocean The Tethys Ocean ( ; ), also called the Tethys Sea or the Neo-Tethys, was a prehistoric ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era and early-mid Cenozoic Era. It was the predecessor to the modern Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Eurasia ...

. It could reach body lengths of about . The original

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

was ''Colobodus hogardi'' Agassiz, 1844, the fossils of which are probably destroyed, therefore the new type species ''C. bassanii'' was designated.

Taxonomy

The following species are known: * ''C. bassanii'' de Alessandri, 1910 - Late

Anisian In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage (stratigraphy), stage or earliest geologic age, age of the Middle Triassic series (stratigraphy), series or geologic epoch, epoch and lasted from million years ago until million years ag ...

of Italy & Switzerland (

Besano Formation The Besano Formation is a geological formation in the southern Alps of northwestern Italy and southern Switzerland. This formation, a thin but fossiliferous succession of Dolomite (rock), dolomite and Shale, black shale, is famous for its preserva ...

) * ''C. maximus'' (

Quenstedt Quenstedt is a village and a former municipality in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North S ...

, 1867) - Anisian of Italy (Besano Formation), Anisian to

Carnian The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage (stratigraphy), stage of the Upper Triassic series (stratigraphy), Series (or earliest age (geology), age of the Late Triassic Epoch (reference date), Epoch). It lasted from 237 to 227.3 ...

of Germany (

Muschelkalk The Muschelkalk (German for "shell-bearing limestone"; ) is a sequence of sedimentary rock, sedimentary rock strata (a lithostratigraphy, lithostratigraphic unit) in the geology of central and western Europe. It has a Middle Triassic (240 to 230 m ...

) * ''C. praemaximus'' Corroy, 1928 -

Early Triassic The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale. It spans the time between 251.9 Ma and Ma (million years ago). Rocks from this epoch are collectively known as the Lower Triassic Series, which ...

of France * ''C. koenigi'' Stolley, 1920 - Late Anisian of Germany (Muschelkalk) (possibly synonymous with ''C. bassanii'') * ''C. baii'' Sun et al., 2008 - Anisian of

Guizhou ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = , image_map = Guizhou in China (+all claims hatched).svg , mapsize = 275px , map_alt = Map showing the location of Guizhou Province , map_caption = Map s ...

, China * ''C. giganteus'' (Beltan, 1972) - Late

Ladinian The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic ...

of Spain (Muschelkalk) * ''C. wushaensis'' Li et al., 2019 - Carnian of Guizhou, China Several other species (''C. stensioei'', ''C. dealessandrii'', ''C. stolleyi'', ''C. cyclolepis'', and ''C. anguillalepis'') were proposed by Mutter (2002) from a single fossiliferous level from the Besano Formation, although their validity is uncertain due to the extreme morphological variety within the group. Records of ''Colobodus'' exist outside of Europe and China, but these remains are thought to be highly questionable.

Synonyms

*''Colobodus altilepis'' Woodward, 1912 → ''

Perleidus ''Perleidus'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Triassic period. Fossils have been found in the Middle Triassic of Italy, Switzerland, and China. The inclusion of Early Triassic species in the genus ''Perleidus'' was questioned. E ...

woodwardi'' (Woodward, 1912) *''Colobodus scutatus'' Gervais, 1852 → ''

Bobasatrania ''Bobasatrania'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric marine Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish that survived the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Fossils of ''Bobasatrania'' were found in beds of Changhsingian (Lopingian, late Permian) to Ladinian ...

scutata'' (Gervais, 1852)

Fossil gallery

File:Colobodus bassanii.JPG, ''Colobodus bassanii'' fossil File:Colobodus bassanii 5.JPG, Fossil at Museo dei Fossili,

Besano Besano is a town and ''comune'' located in the province of Varese, in the Lombardy region of northern Italy. Paleontological site The fossils of Besano In 1993 the fossil of a Triassic aquatic reptile dating back to about 235 million years wa ...

File:Colobodus maximus.jpg, Three-dimensionally preserved head of ''Colobodus maximus'' File:Colobodus maximus.JPG, Lower jaw and dentition of ''Colobodus maximus'' File:Colobodus maximus scale.jpg, Isolated scale

References

Prehistoric ray-finned fish genera Prehistoric neopterygii Triassic fish of Asia Triassic fish of Europe Olenekian genus first appearances Anisian genera Ladinian genera Carnian genus extinctions Fossils of China Fossils of Italy Fossils of France Fossils of Germany Fossils of Spain Fossils of Switzerland Taxa named by Louis Agassiz Fossil taxa described in 1844 {{Triassic-fish-stub

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Fossil gallery

See also

References