The Collematineae are an

suborder Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between family and class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized ...

rust fungi Rusts are fungal plant pathogens of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales) causing plant fungal diseases. An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus ''Puccinia'', are ...

in the order of

Peltigerales Peltigerales is an order (biology), order of lichen-forming fungus, fungi belonging to the class (taxonomy), class Lecanoromycetes in the division (mycology), division Ascomycota. The taxonomy of the group has seen numerous changes; it was former ...

in the class

Lecanoromycetes Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence. The group is ...

.David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (Editors) It contains 5

families Family (from ) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictability, structure, and safety as ...

, the

Coccocarpiaceae The Coccocarpiaceae are a family of lichen-forming in the order Peltigerales. There are three genera and about 60 species in the family. Species in this family have a widespread distribution, including boreal Boreal, northern, of the north. Deri ...

, the

Collemataceae The Collemataceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the order Peltigerales. The family contains twelve genera and about 325 species. The family has a widespread distribution. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed by Jonathan Carl Z ...

, the

Pannariaceae The Pannariaceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales (suborder Collematineae). Species from this family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in southern temperate In geography, the temperate clima ...

, the

Placynthiaceae The Placynthiaceae are a lichenized family of fungi in the order Peltigerales. Species of this family are found largely in northern temperate regions. Genera Numbers of species accepted by Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an internati ...

and also the

Vahliellaceae ''Vahliella'' is a genus of nine species of lichen-forming fungi in the order Peltigerales. It is the only member of Vahliellaceae, a family circumscribed in 2010 to contain this genus. ''Vahliella'' was formerly placed in the family Pannariacea ...

History

It was set up in 2004 to contain 4 families, the Coccocarpiaceae, the Collemataceae, the Pannariaceae and the Placynthiaceae by Miadlikowska & Lutzoni. The new suborder was agreed by Hibbet et al, in 2007 and Lumbsch and Huhndorf in 2007, and 2010. The other Peltigerales based suborder of Peltigerineae contained 6 families;

Koerberiaceae Koerberiaceae is a small family (biology), family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Peltigerales. It contains 3 genus, genera and 9 species. The family was proposed by Toby Spribille and Lucia Muggia in 2012, after molecular phylogenetic analy ...

, Lobariaceae,

Massalongiaceae ''Massalongiaceae'' is a small family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Peltigerales. It has three genera and seven species. Species in this family have cyanobacteria as their primary symbiotic partner ( cyanobiont), so they belong to the gro ...

, Nephromataceae,

Peltigeraceae The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae sp ...

and Vahliellaceae, also by Miadlikowska & Lutzoni in 2004. Vahliellaceae is still sometimes placed within the Peltigerineae suborder. A molecular

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ...

study of the Collemataceae was carried out in 2010. It found that

ascospore In fungi, an ascospore is the sexual spore formed inside an ascus—the sac-like cell that defines the division Ascomycota, the largest and most diverse Division (botany), division of fungi. After two parental cell nucleus, nuclei fuse, the ascu ...

characteristics are a good predictor of phylogeny within Collematineae. Relationships in the Collematineae were then defined by short branches and lower nodal support than in other parts of the genetic tree, due in part to conflicting signal in exon trees (DNA sequence within a gene), suggesting that rapid diversification events took place in the early evolution of the suborder.

Description

It includes species of cyanolichens with foliose to fruticose or crustose thalli, with simple or septate ascospores.

Distribution

The lichens occur worldwide, having a

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and en ...

. They are found in south-east Asia, including

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

, Collematineae are found growing on

bark Bark may refer to: Common meanings * Bark (botany), an outer layer of a woody plant such as a tree or stick * Bark (sound), a vocalization of some animals (which is commonly the dog) Arts and entertainment * ''Bark'' (Jefferson Airplane album), ...

moss Mosses are small, non-vascular plant, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic phylum, division Bryophyta (, ) ''sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Wilhelm Philippe Schimper, Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryo ...

, soil or rocks in humid

woodland A woodland () is, in the broad sense, land covered with woody plants (trees and shrubs), or in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood (or in the U.S., the '' plurale tantum'' woods), a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunli ...

including mangrove forests,

Families

Amount of species as accepted by

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...

; *

- 4 genera and 28 spp. *

- 10 genera and ca. 245 spp. *

- 27 genera and ca. 360 spp. *

- 3 genera and 23 spp. *

- 1 genus ''Vahliella'' with 9 species

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q21215126 Peltigerales Taxa described in 2004