Cold Creek (Russian River Tributary)
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Cold Creek is a river of
Mendocino County, California Mendocino County (; ''Mendocino'', Spanish language, Spanish for "of Antonio de Mendoza, Mendoza") is a County (United States), county located on the North Coast (California), North Coast of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 United S ...
, a tributary of East Fork Russian River. In the past it may have connected Clear Lake to the Russian River before this route was blocked by a large landslide and Clear Lake began to drain into the
Sacramento River The Sacramento River () is the principal river of Northern California in the United States and is the largest river in California. Rising in the Klamath Mountains, the river flows south for before reaching the Sacramento–San Joaquin River D ...
watershed.


Location

Cold Creek is long. It is a left tributary of East Fork Russian River. The
Ukiah Valley Ukiah Valley is a valley located in Mendocino County, California, United States. It contains the Mendocino County seat of Ukiah. It also is home to the unincorporated towns of Redwood Valley, Calpella, Potter Valley and Talmage. Lake Mendoc ...
extends up the Russian River to the junction of the east fork with the main stream. Above this along the east fork to the confluence of Cold Creek it is known as Coyote Valley (''cō'dakai''). Above Cold Creek to the head of the east fork it is called
Potter Valley Potter Valley is a census-designated place in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located north-northeast of Ukiah, at an elevation of at the headwaters of the East Fork Russian River. The CDP population was 665 at the 2020 ce ...
(''djūhū'la-kai''). A 1914 survey of the Ukiah Area said the Cold Creek Valley was small and not very important agriculturally. It was interesting because it belonged to a middle-aged stream that was now tributary to a very youthful stream. The East Fork of the Russian River has a youthful topography, flowing with a high gradient through a V-shaped gorge. Cold Creek flows at a much lower gradient, as is shown by the size of stones in its bed, and has a distinct flood plain and also a terrace. According to the
California Regional Water Quality Control Board The California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) is one of six branches of the California Environmental Protection Agency. History This regulatory program has had the status of an official government department since the 1950s. The ...
, Cold Creek is in the Ukiah Hydrologic Sub Area of the Russian River Hydrologic Area. According to the Russian River Watershed Association, the Cold Creek watershed is in the Coyote Valley Hydrologic Sub-Area.


Course changes

The Clear Lake basin lies between the watersheds of the
Sacramento River The Sacramento River () is the principal river of Northern California in the United States and is the largest river in California. Rising in the Klamath Mountains, the river flows south for before reaching the Sacramento–San Joaquin River D ...
and the Russian River. When it was formed about 600,000 years ago it flowed east into the Sacramento Valley. About 200,000 years ago the
Clear Lake Volcanic Field The Clear Lake Volcanic Field is a volcanic field beside Clear Lake in California's northern Coast Ranges. The site of late-Pliocene to early Holocene activity, the volcanic field consists of lava domes, cinder cones, and maars with eruptive ...
blocked its outlet. The lake rose until it found a new outlet, draining west through the Blue Lakes into Cold Creek and the Russian River. At some time in the last 10,000 years a landslide at the west end of the Blue Lakes blocked this outlet, the lake rose again, and created its present outlet via Cache Creek to the Sacramento River. The
Northern Pomo Northern Pomo is a critically endangered Pomoan language, formerly spoken by the indigenous Pomo people in what is now called California. The speakers of Northern Pomo were traditionally those who lived in the northern and largest area of the Po ...
s have a legend that water from Clear Lake once drained west through the Blue Lakes, then through Cold Creek into Coyote Valley and the Russian River. Then there was a great earthquake and a huge landslide blocked the flow out of Clear Lake. The land was forced up, and Clear Lake began to drain to the east through Cache Creek. This is plausible, since there have been tectonic events in the region and Clear Lake is higher than the Ukiah Valley. The gradual mountain pass between Cold Creek basin and Upper Blue Lake is called ''Da-no lokj'tam'', or "mountain fell-in", by the
Northern Pomo Northern Pomo is a critically endangered Pomoan language, formerly spoken by the indigenous Pomo people in what is now called California. The speakers of Northern Pomo were traditionally those who lived in the northern and largest area of the Po ...
. According to Professor R. S. Holway (1907) the waters of Blue Lakes and Scotts Creek once drained into Russian River by way of Cold Creek, but in recent prehistorical times a large landslide formed a ridge that diverted these waters to Clear Lake. This could account for the relatively mature profile of Cold Creek. The alternation of the Clear Lake drainage route explains why there are many fish species common to the Russian River and the Sacramento River. At one time the lower part of what is now East Fork Russian River from the present mouth of Cold Creek down through Coyote Valley to Russian River proper was also called Cold Creek. In 1908 the
Potter Valley Project The Potter Valley Project is an interbasin water transfer project in Northern California in the United States, delivering water from the Eel River basin to turbines in the headwaters of the Russian River. The project is owned and operated by ...
transferred water from the Eel River to the powerhouse in
Potter Valley Potter Valley is a census-designated place in Mendocino County, California, United States. It is located north-northeast of Ukiah, at an elevation of at the headwaters of the East Fork Russian River. The CDP population was 665 at the 2020 ce ...
, and its discharge flowed out through the East Fork Russian River, to which Cold Creek is a tributary. Before the Eel River water was diverted, the East Fork would nearly dry up in July, August and September. A flour mill in Coyote Valley on the East Fork had water to drive its wheel carried from Cold Creek, which runs year round, along of flume.


Fish

The effect of the course changes was to transfer fish from the Sacramento River to the Russian River. In May 1939 the California Division of Fish and Game released 8,000
steelhead trout Steelhead, or occasionally steelhead trout, is the anadromous form of the coastal rainbow trout or Columbia River redband trout (''O. m. gairdneri'', also called redband steelhead). Steelhead are native to cold-water tributaries of the Pacif ...
into the creek. Fish today include rainbow trout, carp, sucker, bream/bluegill, steelhead trout and catfish.


Notes


Sources

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