Coiled-coil domain-containing 37, also known as FLJ40083, is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residue (biochemistry), residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including Enzyme catalysis, catalysing metab ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''CCDC37''

gene In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protei ...

(3q21.3). There is no confirmed function of CCDC37.

Gene

Locus

The human gene CCDC37 is found on

chromosome 3 Chromosome 3 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 3 spans more than 201 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents about 6.5 percent of the total DNA ...

at the band 3q21.3. It extends from base pairs 90,403,731 to 90,429,231, making the gene 25,500 base pairs long. It is located on the plus strand and contains 17 exons.

Homology

Paralogs

:There is only one

paralog Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a sp ...

for CCDC37 found in humans, CCDC38. CCDC38 is located on

chromosome 12 Chromosome 12 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 12 spans about 133 million base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the tot ...

Orthologs

The

ortholog Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speci ...

space of CCDC37 is fairly broad including mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians, fish, invertebrates, and fungi.

Protein

Primary sequence

The gene encodes a protein called CCDC37. This protein in 611 amino acids in length and has a molecular weight of 71.1 kilodaltons and an

isoelectric point The isoelectric point (pI, pH(I), IEP), is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electric charge, electrical charge or is electrically neutral in the statistical mean. The standard nomenclature to represent the isoelectric point is pH(I). Howe ...

of pI=6.7.

Domains

CCDC37 contains a DUF4200 region located from amino acid 151 to 269. There is no known function for DUF4200. CCDC37 also contains three

coiled coil A coiled coil is a structural motif in proteins in which two to seven alpha-helices are coiled together like the strands of a rope. ( Dimers and trimers are the most common types.) They have been found in roughly 5-10% of proteins and have a ...

domains at amino acids 164–203, 392–436, and 526–571.

Post-translational modifications

The protein has several probable post-translational modifications. It contains four possible

PEST sequence A PEST sequence is a peptide sequence that is rich in proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S) and threonine (T). It is associated with proteins that have a short intracellular half-life, so might act as a signal peptide for protein degradation. ...

at amino acids 17–36, 293–304, 337–360, and 360–395. It also contains a possible substrate of N-acetyltransferase A at Ser₂.

Signal peptides

CCDC37 has a predicted nuclear localization via Reinhard's method (reliability 94.1%) using a bipartite nuclear localization signal peptide starting at amino acid 155: KRQMFLLQYALDVKRRE. CCDC37 also has a few predicted nuclear export signals I232, L235, I239, and M551.

Expression

CCDC37 protein is widely expressed in mus musculus but only minimally so. Most areas that express CCDC37 have an expression level of 20-40%. Expression levels in the trigeminal nerve, testis, medial olfactory epithelium, dorsal root ganglia, and trachea are the highest with almost 75% expression. CCDC37 is expressed in the cerebellum, medulla, and hippocampal formation in the brain of mus musculus. Between 20 and 30 days after birth in mus musculus, CCDC37 expression increases from less than 50% to about 85%. In ''

rattus norvegicus ''Rattus'' is a genus of muroid rodents, all typically called rats. However, the term rat can also be applied to rodent species outside of this genus. Species and description The best-known ''Rattus'' species are the black rat (''R. rattus' ...

'' CCDC37 is highly expressed in

oligodendrocyte Oligodendrocytes (), also known as oligodendroglia, are a type of neuroglia whose main function is to provide the myelin sheath to neuronal axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Myelination gives metabolic support to, and insulates the axons ...

progenitor cells A progenitor cell is a Cell (biology), biological cell that can Cellular differentiation, differentiate into a specific cell type. Stem cell, Stem cells and progenitor cells have this ability in common. However, stem cells are less specified than ...

(approximately 85%) but only narrowly expressed in oligodendrocytes themselves (~40%).

Interacting proteins

Transcription factors

There are many predicted transcription factor binding sites in the CCDC37 promoter. Below is a table of the best possibilities, which have high confidence values, evolutionary conservation, and/or multiple possible binding sites in the promoter.

Interactions

There have been three proteins found to interact by physical association with CCDC37 through a yeast two-hybrid screen: histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (SUV39H1), histone-lysine N-methyltransferase (SUV39H2), and lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A).

Clinical significance

In a study of the genes expressed in lung squamous cell carcinomas it was found that the promoter region of CCDC37 was hyper methylated causing down regulation of the expression of CCDC37. In a separate study, CCDC37 was also found in spatial and temporal regions in mice that are associated with hereditary congenital facial paresis (HCFP) gene. However through knock out experiments in mice it was found that CCDC37 was unlikely to be a causative agent for the HCFP phenotype.

References

{{Reflist Proteins