Cognitive-cultural economy or cognitive-cultural capitalism is represented by sectors such as

high-technology industry High technology (high tech or high-tech), also known as advanced technology (advanced tech) or exotechnology, is technology that is at the cutting edge: the highest form of technology available. It can be defined as either the most complex or ...

business Business is the practice of making one's living or making money by producing or Trade, buying and selling Product (business), products (such as goods and Service (economics), services). It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for ...

and

financial services Financial services are service (economics), economic services tied to finance provided by financial institutions. Financial services encompass a broad range of tertiary sector of the economy, service sector activities, especially as concerns finan ...

, personal services, the

media Media may refer to: Communication * Means of communication, tools and channels used to deliver information or data ** Advertising media, various media, content, buying and placement for advertising ** Interactive media, media that is inter ...

, and the

cultural industries The term culture industry () was coined by the critical theory, critical theorists Theodor Adorno (1903–1969) and Max Horkheimer (1895–1973), and was presented as critical vocabulary in the chapter "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mas ...

. It is characterized by digital technologies combined with high levels of cognitive and cultural labor.

Overview

The concept of cognitive-cultural economy has been associated with '

post-Fordism The concept of post-Fordism was originally invented by the economist Robin Murray in the British magazine ''Marxism Today'' in 1988. It referred to the emergence of new production methods defined by flexible production, the individualization of ...

', the '

knowledge economy The knowledge economy, or knowledge-based economy, is an economic system in which the production of goods and services is based principally on knowledge-intensive activities that contribute to advancement in technical and scientific innovation. ...

', the '

new economy The New Economy refers to the ongoing development of the American economic system. It evolved from the notions of the classical economy via the transition from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy, and has been driven by ...

' and highly flexible labor markets. As Fordist

mass production Mass production, also known as mass production, series production, series manufacture, or continuous production, is the production of substantial amounts of standardized products in a constant flow, including and especially on assembly lines ...

began to wane after the mid to late 1970s in advanced capitalist countries, a more flexible system of productive activity began to take its place. The concept of cognitive-cultural

capitalism Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their use for the purpose of obtaining profit. This socioeconomic system has developed historically through several stages and is defined by ...

has developed as a response to the insufficiency of the interpretations of this transition from a Fordist to a post-Fordist model of "flexible accumulation. Early empirical studies of this new system were published in the 1980s on the basis of case-study materials focused mainly on high-technology industrial districts in the United States (

Silicon Valley Silicon Valley is a region in Northern California that is a global center for high technology and innovation. Located in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area, it corresponds roughly to the geographical area of the Santa Clara Valley ...

, Orange County, Boston's Route 128, etc.—see Saxenian) and revived craft industries in the north-east and center of Italy (the so-called Third Italy). Over the following decades, considerable empirical and theoretical advances were made on the basis of studies of the new cultural economy (fashion, film, electronic games, publishing, etc.). Levy and Murnane in ''The New Division of Labor''Frank Levy & Richard J. Murnane (2004). ''The New Division of Labor''
Chapter 1. New Divisions of Labor
{{Webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420170521/http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s7704.html , date=2013-04-20 highlight the replacement of standardized machinery in the American production system by digital technologies that not only act as a substitute for routine labor, but that also complement and enhance the intellectual and affective assets of the

labor force In macroeconomics, the workforce or labour force is the sum of people either working (i.e., the employed) or looking for work (i.e., the unemployed): \text = \text + \text Those neither working in the marketplace nor looking for work are out ...

. These technologies underpinned an enormous expansion of the technology-intensive, service, financial, craft, and cultural industries that became the heart of the cognitive-cultural economy.

References

* Amin, A., ed. 1994. ''Post-Fordism: A Reader.'' Oxford: Blackwell. * Bilsker, R. 2015
"What is this Thing?"
ephemera, 15 (2): 477-486 * Cenzatti, M. 1993. Los Angeles and the L.A. School: Postmodernism and Urban Studies. Los Angeles: Los Angeles Forum for Architecture and Urban Design. * Fumagalli, A. & Lucarelli, S. 2007
A model of Cognitive Capitalism: a preliminary analysis
European Journal of Economic and Social Systems, vol. 20, n. 1. * Hutton, T. A. 2008. The New Economy of the Inner City: Restructuring, Regeneration, and Dislocation in the Twenty-First Century Metropolis. London: Routledge. * Kloosterman, R. C. 2010. This Is Not America: Embedding The Cognitive-Cultural Urban Economy. Geografiska Annaler Series B-Human Geography 92B (2):131-143. * Moulier Boutang, Y. 2007. Le Capitalisme Cognitif, Comprendre la Nouvelle Grande Transformation et ses Enjeux. Paris: Editions Amsterdam. * Pasquinelli, M. 2014
Italian Operaismo and the Information Machine
Theory, Culture & Society, first published on February 2, 2014. * Pavlidis, P. 2012
The Rise of General Intellect and the Meaning of Education: Reflections on the Contradictions of Cognitive Capitalism
Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies. 10 (1): 37–52. * Saxenian, A. L. 1983. The urban contradictions of Silicon Valley - regional growth and the restructuring of the semiconductor industry. International Journal of Urban And Regional Research 7 (2):237-262. * Scott, A. J. 2008. Social Economy of the Metropolis: Cognitive-Cultural Capitalism and the Global Resurgence of Cities. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Scott, A. J. 2010. Cultural Economy and the Creative Field of the city. Geografiska Annaler, Series B - Human Geography. * Vercellone, C. 2005

Working Paper Presented at Birkbeck College and SOAS, United Kingdom. * Trebor Scholz, 201
Digital Labor: New Opportunities, Old Inequalities
Conference at re:publica *Rindermann H. 2012. Intellectual classes, technological progress and economic development: The rise of cognitive capitalism. Personality and Individual Differences 53 (2) 108–113 Capitalism Cultural economics

Overview

See also

References

Further reading