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''Coffea'' is a
There are over 130 species of ''Coffea'', which is grown from seed. The two most popular are ''Coffea arabica'' (commonly known simply as "Arabica"), which accounts for 60–80% of the world's coffee production, and ''Coffea canephora'' (known as "Robusta coffee, Robusta"), which accounts for about 20–40%. ''C. arabica'' is preferred for its sweeter taste, while ''C. canephora'' has a higher caffeine content. ''C. arabica'' has its origins in the highlands of Ethiopia and the Boma Plateau of Sudan, and came about as the result of a hybrid between ''C. canephora'' and ''Coffea eugenioides, C. eugenioides''.
The trees produce edible red or purple fruits that are either epigynous berries or Dehiscence (botany), indehiscent drupes. The fruit is often referred to as a "coffee cherry", and it contains two seeds, called "coffee beans". Despite these terms, coffee is neither a true cherry (the fruit of certain species in the genus ''Prunus'') nor a true bean (seeds from plants in the family ''Fabaceae'').
In any coffee crop, about 5–10% of fruits contain only a single bean. Called a peaberry, it is smaller and rounder than a normal coffee bean.
When grown in the tropics, coffee is a vigorous bush or small tree that usually grows to a height of . Most commonly cultivated coffee species grow best at high elevations, but do not tolerate freezing temperatures.
The ''Coffea arabica'' tree grows fruit after three to five years, producing for an average of 50 to 60 years, though up to 100 years is possible. The white flowers are highly scented. The fruit takes about nine months to ripen.
(retrieved 31 May 2024) # ''Coffea abbayesii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea affinis'' Émile Auguste Joseph De Wildeman, De Wild. # ''Coffea alleizettii'' Dubard # ''Coffea ambanjensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea ambongenis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis # ''Coffea andrambovatensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea ankaranensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis # ''Coffea anthonyi'' Stoff. & F. Anthony # ''Coffea arabica'' Carl Linnaeus, L. # ''Coffea arenesiana'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea augagneurii'' Dubard # ''Coffea bakossii'' Cheek & Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea benghalensis'' B. Heyne ex Josef August Schultes, Schult. # ''Coffea bertrandii'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea betamponensis'' Portères & Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea bissetiae'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea boinensis'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea boiviniana'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea bonnieri'' Dubard # ''Coffea brassii'' (Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy) A. P. Davis # ''Coffea brevipes'' William Philip Hiern, Hiern # ''Coffea bridsoniae'' A. P. Davis & Mvungi # ''Coffea buxifolia'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea callmanderi'' # ''Coffea canephora'' (''"Coffea robusta"'') Pierre ex A. Froehner # ''Coffea carrissoi'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea charrieriana'' Stoff. & F. Anthony # ''Coffea cochinchinensis'' Pierre ex Pit. # ''Coffea commersoniana'' (Henri Ernest Baillon, Baill.) Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea congensis'' A. Froehner # ''Coffea costatifructa'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea coursiana'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea dactylifera'' Elmar Robbrecht, Robbr. & Stoff. # ''Coffea darainensis'' # ''Coffea decaryana'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea dubardii'' Jum. # ''Coffea ebracteolata'' (William Philip Hiern, Hiern) Brenan # ''Coffea eugenioides'' Spencer Le Marchant Moore, S. Moore # ''Coffea fadenii'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea farafanganensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea floresiana'' Boerl. # ''Coffea fotsoana'' Stoff. & Sonké # ''Coffea fragilis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea fragrans'' Nathaniel Wallich, Wall. ex Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook. f. # ''Coffea gallienii'' Dubard # ''Coffea grevei'' Emmanuel Drake del Castillo, Drake ex Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea heimii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea × heterocalyx'' # ''Coffea homollei'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea horsfieldiana'' Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, Miq. # ''Coffea humbertii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea humblotiana'' Henri Ernest Baillon, Baill. # ''Coffea humilis'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea jumellei'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea kalobinonensis'' # ''Coffea kapakata'' (Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev.) Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea kianjavatensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea kihansiensis'' A. P. Davis & Mvungi # ''Coffea kimbozensis'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea kivuensis'' Lebrun # ''Coffea labatii'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea lancifolia'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea lebruniana'' Germ. & Kester # ''Coffea leonimontana'' Stoff. # ''Coffea leroyi'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea liaudii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis # ''Coffea liberica'' William Philip Hiern, Hiern # ''Coffea ligustroides'' Spencer Le Marchant Moore, S. Moore # ''Coffea littoralis'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea lulandoensis'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea mabesae'' (Elmer) Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea macrocarpa'' Achille Richard, A. Rich. # ''Coffea madurensis'' Johannes Elias Teijsmann, Teijsm. & Simon Binnendijk, Binn. ex Koord. # ''Coffea magnistipula'' Stoff. & Elmar Robbrecht, Robbr. # ''Coffea malabarica'' (Sivar., Biju & P. Mathew) A.P.Davis # ''Coffea mangoroensis'' Portères # ''Coffea mannii'' (Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook. f.) A. P. Davis # ''Coffea manombensis'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea mapiana'' Sonké, Nguembou & A P. Davis # ''Coffea mauritiana'' Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Lam. # ''Coffea mayombensis'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea mcphersonii'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea melanocarpa'' Friedrich Welwitsch, Welw. ex William Philip Hiern, Hiern # ''Coffea merguensis'' Henry Nicholas Ridley, Ridl. # ''Coffea microdubardii'' # ''Coffea millotii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea minutiflora'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea mogenetii'' Dubard # ''Coffea mongensis'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea montekupensis'' Stoff. # ''Coffea montis-sacri'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea moratii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea mufindiensis'' John Hutchinson (botanist), Hutch. ex Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea myrtifolia'' (Achille Richard, A.Rich. ex Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, DC.) Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea namorokensis'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea neobridsoniae'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea neoleroyi'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea perrieri'' Emmanuel Drake del Castillo, Drake ex Jum. & H. Perrier # ''Coffea pervilleana'' (Henri Ernest Baillon, Baill.) Emmanuel Drake del Castillo, Drake # ''Coffea pocsii'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea pseudozanguebariae'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea pterocarpa'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea pustulata'' # ''Coffea racemosa'' João de Loureiro, Lour. # ''Coffea rakotonasoloi'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea ratsimamangae'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea resinosa'' (Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook. f.) Radlk. # ''Coffea rhamnifolia'' (Emilio Chiovenda, Chiov.) Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea richardii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea rizetiana'' # ''Coffea rupicola'' # ''Coffea sahafaryensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea sakarahae'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea salvatrix'' Swynn. & Philipson # ''Coffea sambavensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea sapinii'' (Émile Auguste Joseph De Wildeman, De Wild.) A. P. Davis # ''Coffea schliebenii'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea semsei'' (Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson) A. P. Davis # ''Coffea sessiliflora'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea stenophylla'' George Don, G. Don # ''Coffea tetragona'' Jum. & H. Perrier # ''Coffea togoensis'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea toshii'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea travancorensis'' Robert Wight, Wight & George Arnott Walker-Arnott, Arn. # ''Coffea tricalysioides'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea tsirananae'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea vatovavyensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea vavateninensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea vianneyi'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea vohemarensis'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea wightiana'' Nathaniel Wallich, Wall. ex Robert Wight, Wight & George Arnott Walker-Arnott, Arn. # ''Coffea zanguebariae'' João de Loureiro, Lour.
World Checklist of Rubiaceae
Coffee & Conservation
{{Authority control Coffea, Fruits originating in Africa Medicinal plants of Asia Medicinal plants of Africa Rubiaceae genera Crops Herbal and fungal stimulants Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the family
Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae () is a family (biology), family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with Petiole ( ...
. ''Coffea'' species are shrub
A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...
s or small tree
In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...
s native to tropical and southern Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...
and tropical Asia
Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...
. The seed
In botany, a seed is a plant structure containing an embryo and stored nutrients in a protective coat called a ''testa''. More generally, the term "seed" means anything that can be Sowing, sown, which may include seed and husk or tuber. Seeds ...
s of some species, called coffee
Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted, ground coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content, but decaffeinated coffee is also commercially a ...
coffee bean, beans, are used to flavor various beverages and products. The fruits, like the seeds, contain a large amount of caffeine, and have a distinct sweet taste.
The plant ranks as one of the world's most valuable and widely traded commodity crops and is an important export product of several countries, including those in Central and South America, the Caribbean and Africa. The coffee trade relies heavily on two of the over 120 species, ''Coffea arabica'' (commonly known simply as "Arabica"), which accounts for 60–80% of the world's coffee production, and ''Coffea canephora'' (known as "Robusta coffee, Robusta"), which accounts for about 20–40%.
Both coffee species are vulnerable to Effects of climate change on agriculture, shifts, caused by climate change, in their growing zones, which are likely to result in a decline in production in some of the most important growing regions.
Cultivation and use
There are over 130 species of ''Coffea'', which is grown from seed. The two most popular are ''Coffea arabica'' (commonly known simply as "Arabica"), which accounts for 60–80% of the world's coffee production, and ''Coffea canephora'' (known as "Robusta coffee, Robusta"), which accounts for about 20–40%. ''C. arabica'' is preferred for its sweeter taste, while ''C. canephora'' has a higher caffeine content. ''C. arabica'' has its origins in the highlands of Ethiopia and the Boma Plateau of Sudan, and came about as the result of a hybrid between ''C. canephora'' and ''Coffea eugenioides, C. eugenioides''.
The trees produce edible red or purple fruits that are either epigynous berries or Dehiscence (botany), indehiscent drupes. The fruit is often referred to as a "coffee cherry", and it contains two seeds, called "coffee beans". Despite these terms, coffee is neither a true cherry (the fruit of certain species in the genus ''Prunus'') nor a true bean (seeds from plants in the family ''Fabaceae'').
In any coffee crop, about 5–10% of fruits contain only a single bean. Called a peaberry, it is smaller and rounder than a normal coffee bean.
When grown in the tropics, coffee is a vigorous bush or small tree that usually grows to a height of . Most commonly cultivated coffee species grow best at high elevations, but do not tolerate freezing temperatures.
The ''Coffea arabica'' tree grows fruit after three to five years, producing for an average of 50 to 60 years, though up to 100 years is possible. The white flowers are highly scented. The fruit takes about nine months to ripen.
Ecology
The caffeine in coffee beans serves as a Toxin, toxic substance that protects against insects and other pests, a form of natural plant defense against herbivory. Caffeine simultaneously attracts pollinators, specifically honeybees, by creating an olfactory memory that signals bees to return to the plant's flowers. Not all ''Coffea'' species contain caffeine, and the earliest species had little or no caffeine content. Caffeine has evolved independently in multiple lineages of ''Coffea'' in Africa, perhaps in response to high pest predation in the humid environments of West-Central Africa. Caffeine has also evolved independently in the more distantly related genera ''Theobroma'' (cocoa bean, cacao) and ''Camellia'' (tea). This suggests that caffeine production is an Adaptation, adaptive trait in coffee and plant evolution. The fruit and leaves also contain caffeine, and can be used to make coffee cherry tea and coffee-leaf tea. The fruit is also used in many brands of soft drink as well as pre-packaged teas. Several insect pests affect coffee production, including the coffee borer beetle (''Hypothenemus hampei'') and the coffee leafminer (''Leucoptera caffeina''). Coffee is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species, ''Dalcera abrasa'', turnip moth and some members of the genus ''Endoclita'', including ''Endoclita damor, E. damor'' and ''Endoclita malabaricus, E. malabaricus''.Research
New species of ''Coffea'' are still being identified in the 2000s. In 2008 and 2009, researchers from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, named seven from the mountains of northern Madagascar, including ''Coffea ambongensis, C. ambongensis'', ''Coffea boinensis, C. boinensis'', ''Coffea labatii, C. labatii'', ''Coffea pterocarpa, C. pterocarpa'', ''Coffea bissetiae, C. bissetiae'', and ''Coffea namorokensis, C. namorokensis''. In 2008, two new species were discovered in Cameroon: ''Coffea charrieriana'', which is caffeine-free, and ''Coffea anthonyi''. By crossing the new species with other known coffees, two new features might be introduced to cultivated coffee plants: beans without caffeine and self-pollination. In 2011, ''Coffea'' absorbed the twenty species of the former genus ''Psilanthus'' due to the morphological and genetic similarities between the two genera. Historically, the two have been considered distinct genera due to differences in the length of the Corolla (botany), corolla tube and the anther arrangement: ''Coffea'' with a short corolla tube and exserted style and anthers; ''Psilanthus'' with a long corolla tube and included anthers. However, these characteristics were not present in all species of either respective genus, making the two genera overwhelmingly similar in both morphology and genetic sequence. This transfer expanded ''Coffea'' from 104 species to 124, and extended its native distribution to tropical Asia and Australasia. The coffee genome was published in 2014, with more than 25,000 genes identified. This revealed that coffee plants make caffeine using a different set of genes from those found in tea, Theobroma cacao, cacao and other such plants. A robust and almost fully resolved phylogeny of the entire genus was published in 2017. In addition to resolving the relationships of ''Coffea'' species, this study's results suggest Africa or Asia as the likely ancestral origin of Coffea and point to several independent radiations across Africa, Asia, and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. In 2020, a technique of DNA fingerprinting, or genetic authentication of plant material, was proven effective for coffee. For the study, scientists used DNA extraction and Microsatellite, SSR marker analysis. This technique or similar ones may allow for several improvements to coffee production such as improved information for farmers as to the susceptibility of their coffee plants to pests and disease, a professionalized coffee seed system, and transparency and traceability for buyers of green, un-roasted coffee.Species
As of May 2024, Plants of the World Online includes:Plants of the World Online: ''Coffea'' L.(retrieved 31 May 2024) # ''Coffea abbayesii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea affinis'' Émile Auguste Joseph De Wildeman, De Wild. # ''Coffea alleizettii'' Dubard # ''Coffea ambanjensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea ambongenis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis # ''Coffea andrambovatensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea ankaranensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis # ''Coffea anthonyi'' Stoff. & F. Anthony # ''Coffea arabica'' Carl Linnaeus, L. # ''Coffea arenesiana'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea augagneurii'' Dubard # ''Coffea bakossii'' Cheek & Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea benghalensis'' B. Heyne ex Josef August Schultes, Schult. # ''Coffea bertrandii'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea betamponensis'' Portères & Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea bissetiae'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea boinensis'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea boiviniana'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea bonnieri'' Dubard # ''Coffea brassii'' (Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy) A. P. Davis # ''Coffea brevipes'' William Philip Hiern, Hiern # ''Coffea bridsoniae'' A. P. Davis & Mvungi # ''Coffea buxifolia'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea callmanderi'' # ''Coffea canephora'' (''"Coffea robusta"'') Pierre ex A. Froehner # ''Coffea carrissoi'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea charrieriana'' Stoff. & F. Anthony # ''Coffea cochinchinensis'' Pierre ex Pit. # ''Coffea commersoniana'' (Henri Ernest Baillon, Baill.) Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea congensis'' A. Froehner # ''Coffea costatifructa'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea coursiana'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea dactylifera'' Elmar Robbrecht, Robbr. & Stoff. # ''Coffea darainensis'' # ''Coffea decaryana'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea dubardii'' Jum. # ''Coffea ebracteolata'' (William Philip Hiern, Hiern) Brenan # ''Coffea eugenioides'' Spencer Le Marchant Moore, S. Moore # ''Coffea fadenii'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea farafanganensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea floresiana'' Boerl. # ''Coffea fotsoana'' Stoff. & Sonké # ''Coffea fragilis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea fragrans'' Nathaniel Wallich, Wall. ex Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook. f. # ''Coffea gallienii'' Dubard # ''Coffea grevei'' Emmanuel Drake del Castillo, Drake ex Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea heimii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea × heterocalyx'' # ''Coffea homollei'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea horsfieldiana'' Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel, Miq. # ''Coffea humbertii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea humblotiana'' Henri Ernest Baillon, Baill. # ''Coffea humilis'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea jumellei'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea kalobinonensis'' # ''Coffea kapakata'' (Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev.) Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea kianjavatensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea kihansiensis'' A. P. Davis & Mvungi # ''Coffea kimbozensis'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea kivuensis'' Lebrun # ''Coffea labatii'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea lancifolia'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea lebruniana'' Germ. & Kester # ''Coffea leonimontana'' Stoff. # ''Coffea leroyi'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea liaudii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis # ''Coffea liberica'' William Philip Hiern, Hiern # ''Coffea ligustroides'' Spencer Le Marchant Moore, S. Moore # ''Coffea littoralis'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea lulandoensis'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea mabesae'' (Elmer) Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea macrocarpa'' Achille Richard, A. Rich. # ''Coffea madurensis'' Johannes Elias Teijsmann, Teijsm. & Simon Binnendijk, Binn. ex Koord. # ''Coffea magnistipula'' Stoff. & Elmar Robbrecht, Robbr. # ''Coffea malabarica'' (Sivar., Biju & P. Mathew) A.P.Davis # ''Coffea mangoroensis'' Portères # ''Coffea mannii'' (Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook. f.) A. P. Davis # ''Coffea manombensis'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea mapiana'' Sonké, Nguembou & A P. Davis # ''Coffea mauritiana'' Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Lam. # ''Coffea mayombensis'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea mcphersonii'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea melanocarpa'' Friedrich Welwitsch, Welw. ex William Philip Hiern, Hiern # ''Coffea merguensis'' Henry Nicholas Ridley, Ridl. # ''Coffea microdubardii'' # ''Coffea millotii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea minutiflora'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea mogenetii'' Dubard # ''Coffea mongensis'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea montekupensis'' Stoff. # ''Coffea montis-sacri'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea moratii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea mufindiensis'' John Hutchinson (botanist), Hutch. ex Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea myrtifolia'' (Achille Richard, A.Rich. ex Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, DC.) Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea namorokensis'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea neobridsoniae'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea neoleroyi'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea perrieri'' Emmanuel Drake del Castillo, Drake ex Jum. & H. Perrier # ''Coffea pervilleana'' (Henri Ernest Baillon, Baill.) Emmanuel Drake del Castillo, Drake # ''Coffea pocsii'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea pseudozanguebariae'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea pterocarpa'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea pustulata'' # ''Coffea racemosa'' João de Loureiro, Lour. # ''Coffea rakotonasoloi'' A. P. Davis # ''Coffea ratsimamangae'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea resinosa'' (Joseph Dalton Hooker, Hook. f.) Radlk. # ''Coffea rhamnifolia'' (Emilio Chiovenda, Chiov.) Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea richardii'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea rizetiana'' # ''Coffea rupicola'' # ''Coffea sahafaryensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea sakarahae'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea salvatrix'' Swynn. & Philipson # ''Coffea sambavensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy ex A. P Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea sapinii'' (Émile Auguste Joseph De Wildeman, De Wild.) A. P. Davis # ''Coffea schliebenii'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea semsei'' (Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson) A. P. Davis # ''Coffea sessiliflora'' Diane Mary Bridson, Bridson # ''Coffea stenophylla'' George Don, G. Don # ''Coffea tetragona'' Jum. & H. Perrier # ''Coffea togoensis'' Auguste Jean Baptiste Chevalier, A. Chev. # ''Coffea toshii'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea travancorensis'' Robert Wight, Wight & George Arnott Walker-Arnott, Arn. # ''Coffea tricalysioides'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea tsirananae'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea vatovavyensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea vavateninensis'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea vianneyi'' Jean-François Leroy (botanist), J.-F. Leroy # ''Coffea vohemarensis'' A. P. Davis & Rakotonas. # ''Coffea wightiana'' Nathaniel Wallich, Wall. ex Robert Wight, Wight & George Arnott Walker-Arnott, Arn. # ''Coffea zanguebariae'' João de Loureiro, Lour.
References
External links
World Checklist of Rubiaceae
Coffee & Conservation
{{Authority control Coffea, Fruits originating in Africa Medicinal plants of Asia Medicinal plants of Africa Rubiaceae genera Crops Herbal and fungal stimulants Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus