Coenraad Temminck

Coenraad Jacob Temminck (; 31 March 1778 – 30 January 1858) was a Dutch aristocrat, zoologist and museum director.

Biography

Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic. From his father, Jacob Temminck, who was treasurer of the Dutch East India Company with links to numerous travellers and collectors, he inherited a large collection of bird specimens. His father was a good friend of Francois Levaillant who also guided Coenraad.

Temminck's ''Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe'' (1815) was the standard work on European birds for many years. He was also the author of ''Histoire naturelle générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacées'' (1813–1817), ''Nouveau Recueil de Planches coloriées d'Oiseaux'' (1820–1839), and contributed to the mammalian sections of Philipp Franz von Siebold's ''Fauna japonica'' (1844–1850).

Temminck was the first director of the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden from 1820 until his death. In 1824, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society. In 1831, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1836 he became member of the Royal Institute, predecessor of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Temminck died on 30 January 1858, at the age of 79, in Leiden, Netherlands.

Works

Temminck, in collaboration with Heinrich Kuhl, is the author of descriptions of parrots, including the rosella ''Platycercus icterotis''.
A tailless mutant of a junglefowl ''Gallus lafayettii'' was described in 1807 by Temminck, which in 1868 the English naturalist Charles Darwin incorrectly denied existed. Another junglefowl, described in 1813 by Temminck as ''Gallus giganteus'' was, he believed, one of six wild ancestral species of domestic fowl; Darwin, however, demonstrated that the latter has a single (monophyletic) origin.

Species named after Temminck

A large number of animals were named for Temminck in the 19th century. Among those still in use are:

* Sharks:
** Broadfin shark ''Lamiopsis temminckii''
* Fishes
** ''Ancistrus temminckii'' (an armoured suckermouth catfish)
** Dark chub '' Zacco temminckii'' (a carp)
** ''Nipponocypris temminckii'' (a cyprinid)
** Samoan silverside ''Hypoatherina temminckii''
** The Longnose Pipefish ''Syngnathus temminckii'' Kaup, 1856
** Oilfish ''Rovetus temminckii'' (synonym)
** Goldribbon soapfish ''Aulacocephalus temminckii''
** ''Ditrema temminckii'' (a surfperch)
** Thread-fin fairy-wrasse ''Cirrhilabrus temminckii''
** Kissing gourami ''Helostoma temminckii''
* Reptiles:Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . ("Temminck", p. 263).
**''Macrochelys temminckii'' (alligator snapping turtle)
**'' Tytthoscincus temmincki'' (a skink)
* Birds:
** Temminck's cormorant ''Phalacrocorax capillatus''
** Temminck's tragopan ''Tragopan temminckii''
** Bekisar G. varius × G. gallus "''Gallus temminckii''"
** Temminck's courser ''Cursorius temminckii''
** Temminck's stint ''Calidris temminckii''
** Malaysian eared nightjar ''Eurostopodus temminckii''
** Purple-winged roller ''Coracias temminckii''
** Temminck's hornbill ''Penelopides exarhatus''
** Ochre-collared piculet ''Picumnus temminckii''
** Sulawesi pygmy woodpecker ''Dendrocopos temminckii''
** Temminck's fruit-dove ''Ptilinopus porphyreus''
** Cerulean cuckooshrike ''Coracina temminckii''
** Australian logrunner ''Orthonyx temminckii''
** Temminck's sunbird ''Aethopyga temminckii''
** Temminck's lark ''Eremophila bilopha''
** Temminck's babbler ''Pellorneum pyrrhogenys''
** Temminck's seedeater ''Sporophila falcirostris''
** Blue whistling thrush subspecies ''Myophonus caeruleus temminckii''
** Javan sunbird subspecies ''Aethopyga mystacalis temminckii''
** Black sparrowhawk subspecies ''Accipiter melanoleucus temminckii''
* Mammals:
** Temminck's mole ''Mogera wogura''
** Temminck's flying fox ''Pteropus temminckii''
** Temminck's tailless fruit bat ''Megaerops ecaudatus''
** Dwarf dog-faced bat ''Molossops temminckii''
** Temminck's trident bat ''Aselliscus tricuspidatus''
** Temminck's mysterious bat ''Nycticeius aenobarbus''
** Temminck's pangolin ''Smutsia temminckii''
** Temminck's golden cat ''Catopuma temminckii''
** Southern right whale ''Hunterus temminckii'' (a synonym)
** Temminck's mouse ''Mus musculoides''
** Temminck's striped mouse ''Hybomys trivirgatus''
** Temminck's giant squirrel ''Epixerus ebii''
** Temminck's flying squirrel ''Petinomys setosus''
** Temminck's red colobus ''Pilocolobus badius temminckii'' (subspecies)

Bibliography

* ''Catalogue systématique du cabinet d’ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes, avec une courte description des oiseaux non-décrits.'' Sepps, Amsterdam 1807.
* ''Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés.'' Sepps, Amsterdam 1808–15.
* ''Manuel d'ornithologie  ou  Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe.'' Sepps & Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1815–40.
* ''Observations sur la classification méthodique des oiseaux et remarques sur l'analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire.'' Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1817.
* ''Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon.'' Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris 1821.
* ''Atlas des oiseaux d'Europe, pour servir de complément au Manuel d'ornithologie de M. Temminck.'' Belin, Paris 1826–42.
* ''Monographies de mammalogie.'' Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris, Leiden 1827–41.
* ''Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux.'' Levrault, Paris 1838.
* ''Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux'' Paris, 1845–1849.
* ''Coup-d'oeil général sur les possessions néerlandaises dans l'Inde archipélagique.'' Arnz, Leiden 1846–49.
* ''Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères.'' Brill, Leiden 1853.
* ''Las Posesiones holandesas en el Archipiélago de la India.'' Manila 1855.

See also

* :Taxa named by Coenraad Jacob Temminck

References

External links

; Primary works
*
Fauna Japonica
' (1833)
*
Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux
' (1845-1849)
*
Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères
' (1853)

; Secondary works
* Erwin Stresemann
Analyse von C. J. Temmincks "Catalogue systématique" (1807)
''Zoologische Mededelingen'' Vol. 31, 1953, p. 319–331
* A.J.P. Raat
Alexander von Humboldt and Coenraad Jacob Temminck
''Zoologische Bijdragen'', Vol. 21, 1976, p. 19–38

{{DEFAULTSORT:Temminck, Coenraad Jacob
1778 births
1858 deaths
Directors of museums in the Netherlands
Dutch ornithologists
Dutch zoologists
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Scientists from Amsterdam
Taxon authorities