Coelogyne

''Coelogyne'' is a genus of 594 species, which are sympodial epiphytes from the family Orchidaceae, distributed across India, China, Indonesia and the Fiji islands, with the main centers in Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. They can be found from tropical lowland forests to montane rainforests. A few species grow as terrestrials or even as lithophytes in open, humid habitats. The genera ''Bolborchis'' Lindl., ''Hologyne'' Pfitzer and ''Ptychogyne'' Pfitzer are generally included here. The genus is abbreviated ''Coel.'' in trade journals.

Description

Vegetative characteristics

''Coelogyne'' are mostly epithytic, sympodial, pseudobulbous,Teoh, E.S. (2021)
''Coelogyne'' Lindl..
In: Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 1 (A - E). Springer, Cham. rhizomatous herbs with pendulous or creeping rhizomes''Coelogyne'' in Flora of China @ efloras.org. (n.d.). Retrieved January 19, 2025, from http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=107571 and thin roots. The cylindrical to conical pseudobulbs bear stalked or sessile leaves at the apex. D.L. Jones. ''Coelogyne'', in Z.P. Groeneveld (ed.), Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Coelogyne ate Accessed: 20 January 2025

Generative characteristics

This genus lacks the saccate base of the labellum, a typical characteristic which is present in the other genera in the subtribe Coelogyninae. The free lip has high lateral lobes along the basal part of the labellum (hypochile) and smooth, toothed or warty keels.

Inflorescences often show a small to very large number of showy, medium-sized to large flowers. They may arise either from the apex of the newly completed pseudobulb at the end of the growing season (as in ''Coelogyne fimbriata''), or may precede the new growth in early spring (as in ''Coelogyne cristata''). The typical colour range of this genus is white, through tawny brown to green, and occasionally peachy tones. All species have four pollinia.

They have often a sweet scent, attracting different kinds of pollinators, such as bees, wasps and beetles.

Distribution

The cooler growing species such as ''Coelogyne fimbriata'', ''Coelogyne ovalis'', ''Colegyne fuliginosa'', ''Coelogyne cristata'', ''Coelogyne flaccida'', ''Coelogyne nitida'' originate in the Himalayan region of India and southeast Asia.

Taxonomy

It was first published as ''Caelogyne'' by Lindl. in 1821,Lindley, John & Richard and Arthur Taylor. (1821). Collectanea botanica, or, Figures and botanical illustrations of rare and curious exotic plants (Issue 7). Printed by Richard and Arthur Taylor, Shoe-Lane, sold by J. and A. Arch. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5438670 but it was later changed to ''Coelogyne'' in 1825.Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-d). ''Coelogyne'' Lindl. Tropicos. Retrieved January 19, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/40011615 The lectotype species is ''Coelogyne cristata'' It is the type genus of the subtribe Coelogyninae .Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-e). Coelogyninae Benth. Tropicos. Retrieved January 19, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/100481612 The traditional taxonomy of the genus ''Coelogyne'' is still disputed. ''Coelogyne'' has been subdivided in 23 sections or subgenera by De Vogel (1994) and Clayton. Molecular data show that ''Coelogyne'' is paraphyletic and should be reorganised. It should include the genera '' Neogyna'' and ''Pholidota'', and several sections should be removed, including ''Cyathogyne'', ''Tomentosae'', ''Rigidiformes'', ''Veitchiae'' and ''Verrucosae''. This new genus ''Coelogyne'' should then contain about 160 species.Gravendeel, B. (2000)
Reorganising the orchid genus ''Coelogyne'': A phylogenetic classification based on morphology and molecules.
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland.

Species

The database IPNI gives 415 entries for this genus, but a large number are invalid or have become synonyms. These are not mentioned in the following traditional list.

* ''Coelogyne acutilabium'' de Vogel
* ''Coelogyne albobrunnea'' J.J.Sm.
* ''Coelogyne albolutea'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne anceps'' Hook.f.
* '' Coelogyne asperata'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne assamica'' Linden & Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne barbata'' Lindl. ex Griff.
* '' Coelogyne beccarii'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne bicamerata'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne bilamellata'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne borneensis'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne brachygyne'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne brachyptera'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne breviscapa'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne bruneiensis'' de Vogel
* '' Coelogyne buennemeyeri'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne calcarata'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne calcicola'' Kerr
* '' Coelogyne caloglossa'' Schltr.
* ''Coelogyne candoonensis'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne carinata'' Rolfe.
* '' Coelogyne celebensis'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne chanii'' Gravend. & de Vogel
* '' Coelogyne chlorophaea'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne chloroptera'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne clemensii'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
** ''Coelogyne clemensii'' var. ''angustifolia'' Carr
** ''Coelogyne clemensii'' var. ''clemensii''
** ''Coelogyne clemensii'' var. ''longiscapa'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
* '' Coelogyne compressicaulis'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
* '' Coelogyne concinna'' Ridl.
* '' Coelogyne confusa'' Ames.
* '' Coelogyne contractipetala'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne corymbosa'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne crassiloba'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne craticulilabris'' Carr
* ''Coelogyne cristata'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne cumingii'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne cuprea'' H.Wendl. & Kraenzl.
** ''Coelogyne cuprea'' var. ''cuprea''
** ''Coelogyne cuprea'' var. ''planiscapa'' J.J.Wood & C.L.Chan
* '' Coelogyne dichroantha'' Gagnep
* '' Coelogyne distans'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne dulitensis'' Carr.
* '' Coelogyne eberhardtii'' Gagnep
* '' Coelogyne ecarinata'' C.Schweinf.
* '' Coelogyne echinolabium'' de Vogel
* '' Coelogyne elmeri'' Ames.
* '' Coelogyne endertii'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne exalata'' Ridl.
* '' Coelogyne filipeda'' Gagnep.
* '' Coelogyne fimbriata'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne flaccida'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne flexuosa'' Rolfe.
* '' Coelogyne foerstermannii'' Rchb.f..
* '' Coelogyne formosa'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne fragrans'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne fuerstenbergiana'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne fuscescens'' Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne fuscescens'' var. ''brunnea'' (Lindl.) Lindl..
** ''Coelogyne fuscescens'' var. ''fuscescens''
** ''Coelogyne fuscescens'' var. ''integrilabia'' Pfitzer in H.G.A.Engler (ed.).
* '' Coelogyne genuflexa'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
* '' Coelogyne ghatakii'' T.K.Paul, S.K.Basu & M.C.Biswas
* '' Coelogyne gibbifera'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne glandulosa'' Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne glandulosa'' var. ''bournei'' S.Das & S.K.Jain
** ''Coelogyne glandulosa'' var. ''glandulosa''
** ''Coelogyne glandulosa'' var. ''sathyanarayanae'' S.Das & S.K.Jain
* '' Coelogyne gongshanensis'' H.Li ex S.C.Chen.
* '' Coelogyne griffithii'' Hook.f.
* '' Coelogyne guamensis'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne hajrae'' Phukan.
* '' Coelogyne harana'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne hirtella'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne hitendrae'' S.Das & S.K.Jain.
* '' Coelogyne holochila'' P.F.Hunt & Summerh.
* '' Coelogyne huettneriana'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne imbricans'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne incrassata'' (Blume) Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne incrassata'' var. ''incrassata''
** ''Coelogyne incrassata'' var. ''sumatrana'' J.J.Sm.
** ''Coelogyne incrassata'' var. ''valida'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne integerrima'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne integra'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne judithiae'' P.Taylor
* '' Coelogyne kaliana'' P.J.Cribb.
* '' Coelogyne kelamensis'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne kemiriensis'' J.J.Sm..
* '' Coelogyne kinabaluensis'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
* '' Coelogyne lacinulosa'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne latiloba'' Vogel
* '' Coelogyne lawrenceana'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne lentiginosa'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne leucantha'' W.W.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne lockii'' Aver.
* '' Coelogyne loheri'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne longiana'' Aver.
* '' Coelogyne longibulbosa'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames.
* '' Coelogyne longifolia'' (Blume) Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne longipes'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne longirachis'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne longpasiaensis'' J.J.Wood & C.L.Chan
* '' Coelogyne lycastoides'' F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
* '' Coelogyne macdonaldii'' F.Muell. & Kraenzl.
* '' Coelogyne malintangensis'' J.J.Sm..
* '' Coelogyne malipoensis'' Z.H.Tsi
* '' Coelogyne marmorata'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne martha''e S.E.C.Sierra
* '' Coelogyne mayeriana'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne merrillii'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne micrantha'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne miniata'' (Blume) Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne monilirachis'' Carr
* '' Coelogyne monticola'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne mooreana'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne mossiae'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne motleyi'' Rolfe ex J.J.Wood, D.A.Clayton & C.L.Chan
* '' Coelogyne moultonii'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne multiflora'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne muluensis'' J.J.Wood
* '' Coelogyne naja'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne nervosa'' A.Rich.
* ''Coelogyne nitida'' (Wall. ex D.Don) Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne obtusifolia'' Carr
* '' Coelogyne occultata'' Hook.f.
** ''Coelogyne occultata'' var. ''occultata''
** ''Coelogyne occultata'' var. ''uniflora'' N.P.Balakr.
* '' Coelogyne odoardoi'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne odoratissima'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne ovalis'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne palawanensis'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne pandurata'' Lindl. : Black Orchid
* '' Coelogyne papillosa'' Ridl. ex Stapf.
* '' Coelogyne parishii'' Hook.f.
* '' Coelogyne peltastes'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne pempahisheyana'' H.J.Chowdhery
* '' Coelogyne pendula'' Summerh. ex Perry
* '' Coelogyne pholidotoides'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne picta'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne planiscapa'' Carr.
** ''Coelogyne planiscapa'' var. ''grandis'' Carr.
** ''Coelogyne planiscapa'' var. ''planiscapa''
* '' Coelogyne plicatissima'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
* '' Coelogyne prasina'' Ridl.
* '' Coelogyne prolifera'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne pulchella'' Rolfe.
* '' Coelogyne pulverula'' Teijsm. & Binn.
* '' Coelogyne punctulata'' Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne punctulata'' f. ''brevifolia'' (Lindl.) S.Das & S.K.Jain
** ''Coelogyne punctulata'' f. ''punctulata''
* '' Coelogyne quadratiloba'' Gagnep.
* '' Coelogyne quinquelamellata'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne radicosa'' Ridl.
* '' Coelogyne radioferens'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames
* '' Coelogyne raizadae'' S.K.Jain & S.Das.
* '' Coelogyne remediosae'' Ames & Quisumb.
* '' Coelogyne renae'' Gravend. & de Vogel.
* '' Coelogyne rhabdobulbon'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne rigida'' C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne rigidiformis'' Ames & C.Schweinf.
* '' Coelogyne rochussenii'' de Vriese
* '' Coelogyne rumphii'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne rupicola'' Carr.
* '' Coelogyne salmonicolor'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne sanderae'' Kraenzl. ex O'Brien
* '' Coelogyne sanderiana'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne schilleriana'' Rchb.f. & K.Koch.
* '' Coelogyne schultesii'' S.K.Jain & S.Das.
* '' Coelogyne septemcostata'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne sparsa'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne speciosa'' (Blume) Lindl.
** ''Coelogyne speciosa'' subsp. ''fimbriata'' (J.J.Sm.) Gravend.
** ''Coelogyne speciosa'' subsp. ''incarnata'' Gravend.
** ''Coelogyne speciosa'' subsp. ''speciosa''
* '' Coelogyne squamulosa'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne steenisii'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne stenobulbum'' Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne stenochila'' Hook.f.
* '' Coelogyne stricta'' (D.Don) Schltr.
* '' Coelogyne suaveolens'' (Lindl.) Hook.f.
* '' Coelogyne susanae'' P.J.Cribb & B.A.Lewis
* '' Coelogyne swaniana'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne tenasserimensis'' Seidenf.
* '' Coelogyne tenompokensis'' Carr.
* '' Coelogyne tenuis'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne testacea'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne tiomanensis'' M.R.Hend.
* '' Coelogyne tomentosa'' Lindl. : Necklace Orchid
* '' Coelogyne tommii'' Gravend. & P.O'Byrne
* '' Coelogyne trilobulata'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne trinervis'' Lindl.
* '' Coelogyne triplicatula'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne triuncialis'' P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.
* '' Coelogyne tumida'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne undatialata'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne usitana'' Roeth & O.Gruss.
* '' Coelogyne ustulata'' C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne vanoverberghii'' Ames
* '' Coelogyne veitchii'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne velutina'' de Vogel
* '' Coelogyne venusta'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne vermicularis'' J.J.Sm.
* '' Coelogyne verrucosa'' S.E.C.Sierra
* '' Coelogyne virescens'' Rolfe
* '' Coelogyne viscosa'' Rchb.f.
* '' Coelogyne weixiensis'' X.H.Jin (2005)
* '' Coelogyne xyrekes'' Ridl.
* '' Coelogyne yiii'' Schuit. & de Vogel
* '' Coelogyne zhenkangensis'' S.C.Chen & K.Y.Lang
* '' Coelogyne zurowetzii'' Carr

Etymology

The generic name ''Coelogyne'' is derived from the Greek koilos meaning hollow, and gyne, meaning pistil or woman. It refers to the concave stigma.''Coelogyne''. (n.d.). American Orchid Society. Retrieved January 19, 2025, from https://www.aos.org/explore/coelogyne

Hybrids

''Coelogyne'' hybrids include:
*''Coelogyne'' Memoria W. Micholitz (''C. mooreana'' × ''C. lawrenceana'')
*''Coelogyne'' Linda Buckley (''C. mooreana'' × ''C. cristata'')
*''Coelogyne'' Burfordiense (''C. pandurata'' × ''C. asperata'').
*''Coelogyne'' South Carolina (''C. pandurata'' × ''C. burfordiense''), sometimes called "the black orchid" because of the black coloration of the heavily patterned and structured lip.

Ecology

Habitat

''Coelogyne'' grow as epiphytic, or rarely lithophytic or terrestrial plants in tropical rainforestsGravendeel, B., Chase, M. W., de Vogel, E. F., Roos, M. C., Mes, T. H., & Bachmann, K. (2001)
Molecular phylogeny of Coelogyne (Epidendroideae; Orchidaceae) based on plastid RFLPs, matK, and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences: evidence for polyphyly.
American Journal of Botany, 88(10), 1915-1927. at elevations of 0–3000 m above sea level.

Pollinations

The flowers are pollinated by beetles, wasps and bees.

Cultivation

The wide distribution of this genus has resulted in a wide variety of temperature requirements from species to species, some requiring cool to cold conditions to grow and bloom reliably, while others need decidedly warmer temperatures to achieve the same.

The orchids in this genus require a decided rest period during winter in which they receive no feed, very little water (enough to prevent pseudobulbs shrivelling), cool to cold temperatures and high light. These conditions seem to aid flowering in spring for some growers, though others report that more constant conditions can also produce regular flowering.

References

Further reading

* Teuscher, H. 1976. ''Coelogyne and Pleione''. American Orchid Society Bulletin 45(8):688.

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Arethuseae genera
Epiphytic orchids