''Codium'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

seaweed Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of ''Rhodophyta'' (red), ''Phaeophyta'' (brown) and ''Chlorophyta'' (green) macroalgae. Seaweed species such as ke ...

in the

Chlorophyta Chlorophyta or Prasinophyta is a taxon of green algae informally called chlorophytes. The name is used in two very different senses, so care is needed to determine the use by a particular author. In older classification systems, it refers to a ...

of the order

Bryopsidales Bryopsidales is an order of green algae, in the class Ulvophyceae. Characteristics The thallus is filamentous and much branched and may be packed into a mass. It is coenocytic, having multi-nucleate cells consisting of cytoplasm contained with ...

Paul Silva Paul Claude Silva (October 31, 1922 – June 12, 2014) was a phycologist, marine biologist, and algal taxonomist considered to be the world's leading expert in the chlorophyte green algal genus '' Codium''. Silva was also an expert in botanical ...

was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the

University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...

. There are about 50 species worldwide.

Description

The genus has

thalli Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek (), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria. Many of these organisms wer ...

of two forms, either erect or prostrate. The erect plants are dichotomously branched to long with branches forming a compact spongy structure, not calcareous. The final branches form a surface layer of close palisade cortex of utricles. The non-erect species form either a prostrate or globular thallus with a

velvet Weave details visible on a purple-colored velvet fabric Velvet is a type of woven tufted fabric in which the cut threads are evenly distributed, with a short pile, giving it a distinctive soft feel. By extension, the word ''velvety'' means ...

-like surface, the final branches forming a close cortex of utricles.

Distribution

Ireland

Two of these species are very rare in

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

. '' Codium adhaerens'' has been recorded from a few sites on the west coast and from

Tory Island Tory Island, or simply Tory (officially known by its Irish name ''Toraigh''),Toraigh/Tory Island
County Donegal County Donegal ( ; ga, Contae Dhún na nGall) is a county of Ireland in the province of Ulster and in the Northern and Western Region. It is named after the town of Donegal in the south of the county. It has also been known as County Tyrconn ...

. In 1837 it was found in Church Bay in

County Antrim County Antrim (named after the town of Antrim, ) is one of six counties of Northern Ireland and one of the thirty-two counties of Ireland. Adjoined to the north-east shore of Lough Neagh, the county covers an area of and has a population o ...

,Morton,O. 1994. ''Marine Algae of Northern Ireland.'' Ulster Museum. but has not been found there since. * '' Codium adhaerens''

C.Agardh Carl Adolph Agardh (23 January 1785 in Båstad, Sweden – 28 January 1859 in Karlstad) was a Swedish botanist specializing in algae, who was eventually appointed bishop of Karlstad. Biography In 1807 he was appointed teacher of mathematic ...

* ''

Codium bursa ''Codium bursa'' is a green marine algae of medium size. Description ''Codium bursa'' is a marine alga growing to 30 cm across. It generally appears as a spongy sphere of utricles which at the surface form a cortex. It is composed of loos ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, t ...

)

- has been found in

Mulroy Bay Mulroy Bay ( ga, Cuan na Maoil Ruaidh) is a relatively small bay / sea loch on the north coast of County Donegal, Ireland. Mulroy Bay is the most convoluted of the marine inlets in north-west Ireland. It is approximately 12 km long in a n ...

in County Donegal in 1977 (specimen in the

Ulster Museum The Ulster Museum, located in the Botanic Gardens in Belfast, has around 8,000 square metres (90,000 sq. ft.) of public display space, featuring material from the collections of fine art and applied art, archaeology, ethnography, treas ...

) and 1988. There is an old record of it from "near

Belfast Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingd ...

" between 1793 and 1810. * ''

Codium fragile ''Codium fragile'', known commonly as green sea fingers, dead man's fingers, felty fingers,
Intertidal ...

'' ( Suringar) Hariot ** ''Codium fragile'' subsp. ''atlanticum'' ( A. Cotton) Silva * '' Codium tomentosum'' Stackhouse * ''

Codium vermilara ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

'' ( Olivi) Delle Chiaje There are other species of "doubtful validity":- ''

Codium amphibium ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

'' is included in William Henry Harvey's ''

Phycologia Britannica William Henry Harvey, FRS FLS (5 February 1811 – 15 May 1866) was an Irish botanist and phycologist who specialised in algae. Biography Harvey was born at Summerville near Limerick, Ireland, in 1811, the youngest of 11 children. His fathe ...

'' Pl.xxxv. and noted as: "spreading in patches of great extent along the edge of the sea, over the surface of a turf-

bog A bog or bogland is a wetland that accumulates peat as a deposit of dead plant materials often mosses, typically sphagnum moss. It is one of the four main types of wetlands. Other names for bogs include mire, mosses, quagmire, and muskeg; a ...

which meets the shore at

Roundstone Bay Roundstone may refer to: Australia *Roundstone, Queensland, a locality in the Shire of Banana, Australia Ireland *Roundstone, County Galway, a village in the Republic of Ireland United Kingdom *Roundstone, West Sussex, a village in England *Ro ...

" (Ireland).

Worldwide

* ''

Codium arabicum ''Codium arabicum'', commonly known as green sea cushion, is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The seaweed has a dorsiventral and applanate thallus that typically grows to a width of . The dark green thallus forms an amorphous ...

'' Kütz. - Australia * ''

Codium arenicola ''Codium arenicola'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. In Western Australia is found along the coast in the Pilbara region of Western Australia near Karratha. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q41804912 arenicola ''Arenico ...

Chacana Chacana is a large 32-km long - 18-24 km wide caldera that has erupted in historical times. It forms one of the largest rhyolite centers in the Northern Andes with major eruptions over the past 240,000, 180,00, and 160,000 years ago and has had an ...

& P.C.Silva - Australia * ''

Codium australasicum ''Codium australasicum'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The erect dark green thallus typically grows to a height of . It is repeatedly dichotomous and has terete branches. It is found in sublittoral zones in rough shade ...

'' P.C.Silva - Australia * ''

Codium bulbopilum ''Codium bulbopilum'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The species is found along the coast of Western Australia, Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island. It is found around Pacific Islands including American Samoa and Fiji ...

'' Setch. - Australia * ''

Codium capitulatum ''Codium capitulatum'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The firm, applanate and lobed dark green thallus typically grows to a width of spreading to around forming large clusters of utricles. It is found in lower eulittor ...

'' P.C.Silva &

Womersley Womersley is a village in the Selby District, in the English county of North Yorkshire. The parish population at the 2011 census (including Stapleton and Walden Stubbs) was 515. It is near the towns of Selby, Askern and Pontefract. It is clos ...

- Australia * ''

Codium convolutum ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

'' (Dellow) P.C.Silva -

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 List of islands of New Zealand, smaller islands. It is the ...

* ''

Codium cuneatum ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

'' S. & G. -

California California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the ...

(

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 U.S. state, states, a Washington, D.C., federal district, five ma ...

) * ''

Codium duthiae ''Codium duthiae'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The epilithic green marine alga typically grows to a height of . It has a discoid holdfast with spongy erect fronds on terete branches. It is found on coastal area with ...

'' Silva - Australia,

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

, and

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring count ...

* ''

Codium dwarkense ''Codium dwarkense'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The erect to decumbent thallus is attached to a spongy base. It is found in the intertidal and subtidal zones. In Western Australia is found along the coast in Kimberl ...

'' Børgesen - Australia *''

Codium edule ''Codium edule'' is a green alga The green algae (singular: green alga) are a group consisting of the Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister which contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta. The land plants (Embryophytes) have emer ...

-'' Indo-Pacific, including Hawaii * ''

Codium extricatum ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

'' Silva -

Cape Agulhas Cape Agulhas (; pt, Cabo das Agulhas , "Cape of the Needles") is a rocky headland in Western Cape, South Africa. It is the geographic southern tip of the African continent and the beginning of the dividing line between the Atlantic and Indi ...

to southern

KwaZulu-Natal KwaZulu-Natal (, also referred to as KZN and known as "the garden province") is a province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ("Place of the Zulu" in Zulu) and Natal Province were merged. It is loca ...

* ''

Codium fragile ''Codium fragile'', known commonly as green sea fingers, dead man's fingers, felty fingers,
Intertidal ...

'' ( Suringar) Hariot -

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland". Most of the population are native En ...

(

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tota ...

) ** ''Codium fragile'' Sui song - (

Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of v ...

) Food and food products from seaweeds Japan, American

Pacific The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

from

Alaska Alaska ( ; russian: Аляска, Alyaska; ale, Alax̂sxax̂; ; ems, Alas'kaaq; Yup'ik: ''Alaskaq''; tli, Anáaski) is a state located in the Western United States on the northwest extremity of North America. A semi-exclave of the U.S ...

Cape Horn Cape Horn ( es, Cabo de Hornos, ) is the southernmost headland of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago of southern Chile, and is located on the small Hornos Island. Although not the most southerly point of South America (which are the Diego Ramí ...

, Australia and

British Isles The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles (O ...

Norway Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and t ...

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establishe ...

, and

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

** ''Codium fragile'' subsp. ''capense'' Silva - South Africa * ''

Codium galeatum ''Codium galeatum'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The firm, erect medium green thallus with regular dichotomous branches typically grows to a height of . It is commonly found on rough water coasts from the low tide mark ...

'' J.Agardh - Australia * ''

Codium geppiorum ''Codium geppiorum'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The procumbent and densely branched thallus forms patches that are about wide that are attached to sandy substrates with tufts of rhizoids. It epilithic and is found i ...

'' O.C.Schmidt - Australia and

Indo-Pacific The Indo-Pacific is a vast biogeographic region of Earth. In a narrow sense, sometimes known as the Indo-West Pacific or Indo-Pacific Asia, it comprises the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the ...

South Africa * '' Codium harveyi'' P.C.Silva - Australia * ''

Codium hubbsii ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

'' Daws. - California (U.S.A.) * ''

Codium intertextum ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genus ...

Collins Collins may refer to: People Surname Given name * Collins O. Bright (1917–?), Sierra Leonean diplomat * Collins Chabane (1960–2015), South African Minister of Public Service and Administration * Collins Cheboi (born 1987), Kenyan middl ...

Hervey Hervey is both an English surname and a masculine given name, probably derived from French Hervé. Notable people with the name include: Surname: * Lord Alfred Hervey (1816–1875), English politician *Lord Arthur Hervey (1808–1894), English bish ...

* ''

Codium isthmocladum ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

Vickers Vickers was a British engineering company that existed from 1828 until 1999. It was formed in Sheffield as a steel foundry by Edward Vickers and his father-in-law, and soon became famous for casting church bells. The company went public in ...

* ''

Codium johnstonei ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

'' Silva - California (U.S.A.) * '' Codium laminarioides''

Harv. William Henry Harvey, FRS FLS (5 February 1811 – 15 May 1866) was an Irish botanist and phycologist who specialised in algae. Biography Harvey was born at Summerville near Limerick, Ireland, in 1811, the youngest of 11 children. His fathe ...

- Australia * '' Codium lucasii'' Setchell - Australia, Tasmania * '' Codium mamillosum''

- Australia * ''

Codium muelleri ''Codium muelleri'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The firm medium green erect thallus is usually around in height with repeatedly dichotomous branches. It is found in sublittoral zones to a depth of in rough to mode ...

'' Kütz. - Australia * ''

Codium perriniae ''Codium perriniae'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The firm medium green thallus is usually around tall and across. It is found in the upper sublittoral zone in rock pools and rock shelves rough to moderate water coas ...

'' A.H.S.Lucas - Australia * ''

Codium pomoides ''Codium pomoides'' is a species of seaweed in the ''Codiaceae'' family. The firm dark green thallus and has a globose habit and is usually around across. It is found at the low tide up to in depth along rough to moderate water coasts. In ...

'' J.Agardh - Australia * ''

Codium setchellii ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

'' Gardn. - California (U.S.A.) * ''

Codium silvae ''Codium silvae'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The medium green erect thallus usually grows to around in height and terete branches. In Western Australia is found along the coast in the Goldfields-Esperance region fr ...

- Australia * ''

Codium spinescens ''Codium spinescens'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. The firm medium to dark green thallus branches dichotomously habit and is usually around in height. In Western Australia is found along the coast around the Abrolhos ...

'' P.C.Silva &

- Australia * ''

Codium spongiosum ''Codium spongiosum'' is a species of seaweed in the family Codiaceae. The light-green thallus has an applanate to pulvinate habit and is usually around across and thick. It has irregular lobes and moderately firm while alive becoming more sp ...

- Australia * ''

Codium strangulatum ''Codium strangulatum'' is a species of seaweed in the ''Codiaceae'' family. The soft but erect thallus usually grows to around in height and has dichotomous delicate and filiform branches. In Western Australia is found off the coast in the P ...

& P.C.Silva - Australia * ''

Codium taylorii ''Codium taylorii'' is a species of seaweed in the ''Codiaceae'' family. The one to several erect frond thallus usually grows to around in height. In Western Australia is found along the coast in the Kimberley (Western Australia), Kimberley an ...

'' Silva - Australia * ''

Codium repens ''Codium'' is a genus of seaweed in the Chlorophyta of the order Bryopsidales. Paul Silva was an expert on the genus ''Codium'' taxonomy at the University of California, Berkeley. There are about 50 species worldwide. Description The genu ...

'' ( P.Crouan & H.Crouan)

* ''

Codium tenue ''Codium tenue'' is a species of seaweed in the '' Codiaceae'' family. In Western Australia is found along the coast in one small area in the South West The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions ...

'' ( Kütz.) Kütz. - Australia * '' Codium tomentosum'' Stackh. - Australia

References

General references

* * * * * * * *

External links

* * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1143304 Ulvophyceae genera Marine biota of Africa Marine biota of Europe Marine biota of North America Taxa named by John Stackhouse