The ''Codex Martínez Compañón'' (c.1782–1785), is a manuscript edited in nine volumes by the bishop of

Trujillo, Peru , population_note = , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 13001 , area_code = 044 , website Municipality of Trujillo, footnotes ...

, made by

Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón (1737–1797) was a Spanish prelate who served as Bishop of Trujillo, Peru, Peru from 1779 to 1790, at Trujillo Cathedral, and Archbishop of Bogotá, New Granada, from 1790 to 1797. He was responsible for found ...

, containing 1,411 watercolours and 20 musical scores documenting life in his diocese. This work was sent to

Charles IV of Spain Charles IV (Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno José Januario Serafín Diego) 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain and ruler of the Spanish Empire from 1788 to 1808. The Spain inherited by Charles IV ...

, who included it in the Royal Library in 1803. The musical examples in the bishop's text were probably written out by Pedro José Solis, maestro de capilla of Trujillo Cathedral from 1781 to 1823.Music in Aztec & Inca Territory - Page 314 "The music, probably written out by some such professional aide as Pedro Jose Solis (chapelmaster of Trujillo Cathedral from March, 1781, to September, 1823 54), also breathes throughout a crudeness that confirms its commonplace origin."

The 1,411 illustrations

The watercolour illustrations contain pictures of the life of the Indians, clothing, customs, and also extensive natural history.

External links to galleries

selection of thumbnails of trees

The 20 musical examples

The pieces are mainly short, 2 or 3 minutes each. The order here follows the K617 recording rather than Folio order:
1

Cachua ''Cachua'' (''qachwa'', ''qhaswa'', ''kashua'', ''kaswa'', ''kachura'') ( or , diminutive form ''cachuita'') is a term from Quechua language ''qhachwa'', meaning "round dance," that is the Spanish name for a Latin-American baroque dance form found ...

: Al Nacimiento de Christo Nuestro Señor.
2

Tonada The ''tonada'' is a folk music style of Spain and some countries of Hispanic America (mainly Argentina, Chile, Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela). In nowadays Spain, the traditional sung piece known as ''tonada'' is considered as having been originated in ...

: La Brugita, de Guamachuco - i.e.

Huamachuco Huamachuco (possibly from Quechua ''waman'', falcon or variable hawk, and Kulyi ''chuco'', earth or land, "land of falcons") is a town in northern Peru and capital of the province Sánchez Carrión in La Libertad Region. The city is the se ...

, site of Augustinian missions.
3 Tonada: El Congo. - a 'negro' slave song, reflecting the use of African slaves in the workforce from 1660
4 Tonada: El Tuppamaro de

Caxamarca ''Caxamarca'' is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Common ...

.
5 Tonada del Chimo - i.e. of the

Chimú culture Chimor (also Kingdom of Chimor or Chimú Empire) was the political grouping of the Chimú culture. The culture arose about 900 AD, succeeding the Moche culture, and was later conquered by the Inca emperor Topa Inca Yupanqui around 1470, fifty ye ...

, the only surviving song in the extinct

Mochica language Mochica (also Yunga, Yunca, Chimú, Muchic, Mochika, Muchik, Chimu) is an extinct language formerly spoken along the northwest coast of Peru and in an inland village. First documented in 1607, the language was widely spoken in the area during th ...

6 Dance: Baile del Chimo. Folio 179 (instrumental)
7 Tonada: El diamante, de Chachapoias. Folio 187
8 Tonada: La Lata - "the can".
9 Tonada: La Selosa, del pueblo de Lambayeque - "the jealous woman".
10 Tonada: El Conejo.
11 Tonada: El Huicho, de Chachapoyas.
12 Dance: Bayle de danzantes con pifano y tamboril. (Instrumental)
13 Tonada: La Donosa.
14 Cachuyta de la montaña: "El Vuen Querer" - montaña indicates the lowland east of the mountains.
15 Cachua a duo y a quatro: Al Nacimiento de Christo Nuestro Señor.
16 Lanchas para baylar. Folio 186 - instrumental, the term ''lancha'' literally "flat boat, launch for dancing" indicates a dance for fiddle and continuo in quick 3/4 time, and is almost unique to the Codex
17 Tonada: El Tupamaro de Caxamarca.
18

Tonadilla Tonadilla was a Spanish musical song form of theatrical origin; not danced. The genre was a type of short, satirical musical comedy popular in 18th-century Spain, and later in Cuba and other Spanish colonial countries. It originated as a song type, ...

: El Palomo, del pueblo de Lambayeque.
19 Cachua Serranita: El Huicho Nuebo, a Nuestra Señora del Carmen, de la ciudad de Trujillo.

Otusco The Otuzco is a city located in the highlands of La Libertad, Peru. It is the capital of the Otuzco Province, and it is well known because there is the sanctuary of the Virgen de la Puerta. It is located at around . Founding The Otuzcans, led ...

20 Cachua: La Despedida, de Guamachuco - a cachua for leave-taking.

Recordings

* selection - ''Al uso de nuestra tierra'' (In the style of our land) Música Temprana, Netherlands. Voice of Lyrics 2001, nla. * complete - ''Codex Martinez Companon'', Capilla de Indias, Tiziana Palmiero, Conductor,

K617 K617 is a French classical music record label based in Metz and founded by Alain Pacquier, music author and creator of the Festival de Saintes at the Abbaye aux Dames in Charente-Maritime, and the Festival de Sarrebourg (July) at the Couvent de ...

. This is the first recording of the complete 20 pieces. * 2 selections - on

Patricia Petibon Patricia Petibon (born 27 February 1970) is a French soprano. Life Born in Montargis, Petibon's parents were both teachers. She initially studied the visual arts, including painting and subsequently changed her academic focus and earned a b ...

recital ''Nouveau Monde'' Marcon DGG, 2012 * complete - "Bailes, Tonadas & Cachuas", Songs and dances from Trujillo, Peru (18th century), Música Temprana, director: Adrián Rodríguez Van der Spoel, 2013. Deuss Music. COBRA0036. * selection - "Son de los diablos" Tonadas afro-hispanas del Peru - DIANA BARONI & Sapukai - Alpha Productions, Les Chants de la Terre 2003 - Alpha 507

References

External links

Manuscript online at the National Library of Madrid. Nine volumes of watercolours

{{DEFAULTSORT:Codex Martinez Companon Baroque music manuscript sources History of Peru Watercolor paintings