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Codex Basiliensis A. N. IV. 1, known as ''Minuscule 2'' (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), ε 1214 (in von Soden's numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Greek
minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. Using the study of comparative writing styles ( palaeography), it has been dated to the 11th or 12th century. It was used by biblical scholar Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus in his edition of the Greek text of the New Testament, and became the basis for the Textus Receptus in the Gospels. The manuscript has complex contents.


Description

The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing the complete text of the four Gospels on 248 parchment leaves with size (text only ). The text is written in 1 column per page, 20 lines per page, in
minuscule Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally ''majuscule'') and smaller lowercase (or more formally ''minuscule'') in the written representation of certain languages. The writing ...
letters and contains ornaments in colour, with the initial letters in red ink. The text is divided according to chapters (known as / ''kephalaia''), whose numbers are given at the margin (except in the Gospel of John), and the titles of chapters ( / ''titloi'') at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (an early division of the Gospels into sections). Matthew has 359 divisions; Mark has 240; Luke has 342; and John has 231. This is different to the standard divisions, of which there are commonly: 355, 235, 343, and 232 (Matt-Mark-Luke-John) respectively. There are no references to the Eusebian Canons (another early division of the Gospels into sections, and where they overlap). The tables of contents (also known as ''kephalaia'') are placed before each Gospel, along with subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. Some leaves of the codex were lost, but the text of the Gospels has survived in a complete condition.


Text

The Greek text of the codex is considered a representative of the Byzantine text-type. The text-types are groups of different New Testament manuscripts which share specific or generally related readings, which then differ from each other group, and thus the conflicting readings can separate out the groups. These are then used to determine the original text as published; there are three main groups with names: Alexandrian, Western, and Byzantine.
Hermann von Soden Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist. Life Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, Soden was educated at the University of Tübinge ...
classified it to the textual family K. Biblical scholar
Kurt Aland Kurt Aland (28 March 1915 – 13 April 1994) was a German theologian and biblical scholar who specialized in New Testament textual criticism. He founded the '' Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung'' (Institute for New Testament Textua ...
placed it in Category V of his New Testament manuscript text classification system. Category V is for "Manuscripts with a purely or predominantly Byzantine text." According to the Claremont Profile Method (a specific analysis method of textual data), it has a mixed Byzantine text in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it represents K. In it lacks the phrase (''pray on behalf of those who mistreat you''). It was added by a corrector in the lower margin. In it originally read μὴ προσποιούμενος (''not paying any attention''), which was subsequently erased by a corrector. This variant is also seen in the manuscripts F (07), G (011), K (017), S (028), Π (041), Minuscule 579, and a large proportion of the Byzantine manuscripts. It is not included by the manuscripts Μ (021), U (030), Γ (036), Ω (045),
047 47, 47 or forty-seven may refer to: *47 (number) *47 BC *AD 47 *1947 *2047 *'47 (brand), an American clothing brand * ''47'' (magazine), an American publication * 47 (song), a song by Sidhu Moose Wala *47, a song by New Found Glory from the album ...
, and
Minuscule 7 Minuscule 7 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 287 (in Soden numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. Description The codex contains the c ...
, 8, 9,
196 Year 196 ( CXCVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dexter and Messalla (or, less frequently, year 949 ''Ab urbe condita ...
,
461 __NOTOC__ Year 461 ( CDLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severinus and Dagalaiphus (or, less frequently, year 1214 ...
, 1203,
1216 Year 1216( MCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place England * Spring – First Barons' War: The English army, led by King John (Lackland), sacks the t ...
, 1243, 1514, and lectionary ℓ ''663''. Erasmus did not use this phrase in his Novum Testamentum.


History of the codex

The early story of the manuscript and its provenance is unknown. The codex was bought by monks at Basel for the price of two Rhenish florins (currency of the Rhineland in the 14-15th century). Since 1559 it was held in the University of Basel. Its later story is the same as that of Codex Basilensis and
Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2 Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, ''Minuscule 1'' (on the list of Gregory-Aland), δ 254 (in von Soden's numbering) and formerly designated by 1eap to distinguish it from minuscule 1rK (which previously used number 1) is a Greek minuscule manuscri ...
. Desiderius Erasmus received this codex from the Dominican friars at Basel,W. W. Combs, ''Erasmus and the textus receptus'', DBSJ 1 (Spring 1996), 45 and chiefly used it as the basis for the Gospels portion of the first edition of his '' Novum Testamentum'' (published 1516), with press corrections by his hand, and "barbarously" scored with red chalk to suit his page format. The biblical scholar Robert Estienne did not directly consult this manuscript to use in his edition of the Greek New Testament (1550), but since his edition was based on the Erasmian text, 2's readings became a basis for the Textus Receptus. German classist and historian
Martin Crusius Martin Kraus (Gräfenberg, Bavaria, Gräfenberg, 19 September 1524 – Tübingen, 7 March 1607), commonly Latinization of names, Latinized as Crusius, was a Germans, German classicist and historian, and long-time professor (1559–1607) at the Uni ...
used this manuscript in 1577. The manuscript was examined by biblical scholar Johann Albrecht Bengel (who labelled it as codex β), biblical scholars Johann Jakob Wettstein, Dean Burgon, Herman C. Hoskier, and
Caspar René Gregory Caspar René Gregory (November 6, 1846 – April 9, 1917) was an American-born German theologian. Life Gregory was born to Mary Jones and Henry Duval Gregory in Philadelphia. He was the brother of the American zoologist Emily Ray Gregory. After ...
. According to biblical scholar
Bruce M. Metzger Bruce Manning Metzger (February 9, 1914 – February 13, 2007) was an American biblical scholar, Bible translator and textual critic who was a longtime professor at Princeton Theological Seminary and Bible editor who served on the board of the A ...
, it is one of the inferior manuscripts used by Erasmus. Wettstein gave it number 2 on his list, and this siglum has remained since. The codex is located now at the Basel University Library (A.N. IV. 1) at Basel.


See also

* List of New Testament minuscules * Textus Receptus * Textual criticism


References


Further reading

* C. C. Tarelli, ''Erasmus’s Manuscripts of the Gospels'', JTS XLIV (1943), 155-162. * K. W. Clark, ''Observations on the Erasmian Notes in Codex 2, in Studia Evangelica'', ed. F.L. Cross, K. Aland, et al., T & U 73 (Berlin 1959), pp. 749–756.


External links

* – digitalized manuscript
Online images of minuscule 2
( Digital Microfilm) at the CSNTM. {{DEFAULTSORT:Minuscule 0002 Greek New Testament minuscules 12th-century biblical manuscripts 12th-century illuminated manuscripts