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''Cochranella'' is a genus of glass frogs, family Centrolenidae. They are found in Central America from Honduras southward to the Amazonian and Andean cloud forests of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.


Etymology

The generic name ''Cochranella'' honors Doris Mable Cochran, an American herpetologist. Accordingly, common name Cochran frogs has been coined for the genus.


Taxonomy and systematics

''Cochranella'' was first described by
Edward Harrison Taylor Edward Harrison Taylor (April 23, 1889 – June 16, 1978) was an American herpetologist from Missouri. Family Taylor was born in Maysville, Missouri, to George and Loretta Taylor. He had an older brother, Eugene. Education Taylor studied at t ...
in 1951. The current delimitation of this genus follows from the work by
Juan Manuel Guayasamin Juan Manuel Guayasamin (born 1974) is an Ecuadorian biologist. He earned his Ph.D. in 2007 from University of Kansas, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and as of 2017 he is working as professor at Universidad San Francisco de Quito i ...
and his colleagues published in 2009 (with some later adjustments). These authors remedied the
polyphyly A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of conver ...
of the genus by partitioning it into several new genera. The diagnostic characteristics of the genus are the following: (1) humeral spines are absent (small spine present in ''C. litoralis''); (2) digestive tract is white (translucent in ''Cochranella nola'') and the lobed liver is covered by a transparent hepatic
peritoneum The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers most of the intra-abdominal (or coelomic) organs, and is composed of a layer of mesot ...
; (3) ventral parietal peritoneum is white anteriorly and transparent posteriorly; (4) webbing between the fingers III–IV is moderate to extensive; (5) bones are green in life; (6) dorsum is lavender in preserved speciments; (7) dentigerous process of the
vomer The vomer (; lat, vomer, lit=ploughshare) is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxil ...
and vomerine teeth are present (absent in ''C. litoralis''); (8) males call from the upper surfaces of leaves and females deposit eggs on the upper sides of leaves along streams; (9) quadratojugal bone is articulating with
maxilla The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The ...
.


Species

Currently 11 species are placed in this genus: * ''
Cochranella erminea ''Cochranella'' is a genus of glass frogs, family Centrolenidae. They are found in Central America from Honduras southward to the Amazonian and Andean cloud forests of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Etymology The generic name ''Cochra ...
'' Torres-Gastello, Suárez-Segovia, and Cisneros-Heredia, 2007 * ''
Cochranella euknemos ''Cochranella euknemos'', sometimes known as the San Jose Cochran frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in central Costa Rica and south/eastward to Panama and to the western flank of the Cordillera Occidental in ...
'' (Savage and Starrett, 1967) * '' Cochranella granulosa'' (Taylor, 1949) * '' Cochranella guayasamini'' Twomey, Delia, and Castroviejo-Fisher, 2014 * '' Cochranella litoralis'' (Ruiz-Carranza and Lynch, 1996) * '' Cochranella mache'' Guayasamin and Bonaccorso, 2004 * ''
Cochranella nola ''Cochranella nola'' is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, the glass frogs, so named because of the transparent skin on the underside of the abdomen through which the internal organs can be seen. This species is endemic to Bolivia wh ...
'' Harvey, 1996 * ''
Cochranella phryxa ''Cochranella resplendens'' is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the upper Amazon Basin in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and San Martín Region of northern Peru. It is sometimes known as the resplendent Cochran ...
'' Aguayo-Vedia and Harvey, 2006 * ''
Cochranella resplendens ''Cochranella resplendens'' is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the upper Amazon Basin in southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, and San Martín Region of northern Peru. It is sometimes known as the resplendent Cochran ...
'' (Lynch and Duellman, 1973) The AmphibiaWeb lists 18 ''Cochranella'' species, including ones that the Amphibian Species of the World considers as having uncertain placement within the subfamily Centroleninae (''
Incertae Sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
'').


References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q868150 Glass frogs Amphibian genera Amphibians of Central America Amphibians of South America Taxa named by Edward Harrison Taylor