Coccoloba Pubescens
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''Coccoloba'' is a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of 177 species of
flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...
s in the
family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...
Polygonaceae The Polygonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants known Common name, informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The Botanical name, name is Basionym, based on the genus ''Polygonum'', ...
, which is native to the
Neotropics The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeog ...
. There is no overall English name for the genus, although many of the individual species have widely used common names.


Range

The genus is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the
Americas The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.''Webster's New World College Dictionary'', 2010 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. When viewed as a sing ...
, in
South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...
, the
Caribbean The Caribbean ( , ; ; ; ) is a region in the middle of the Americas centered around the Caribbean Sea in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, mostly overlapping with the West Indies. Bordered by North America to the north, Central America ...
,
Central America Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Central America is usually ...
, and Mexico, with two species extending into
Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
.Flora of North America
''Coccoloba''
/ref>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan .


Description

The species are
shrub A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees by their multiple ...
s and
tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only woody plants with secondary growth, only ...
s, and
liana A liana is a long-Plant stem, stemmed Woody plant, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the Canopy (biology), canopy in search of direct sunlight. T ...
s, mostly
evergreen In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has Leaf, foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which lose their foliage completely during the winter or dry season. Consisting of many diffe ...
. The
leaves A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...
are alternate, often large (to very large in some species; up to 2.5m (8 feet) long in ''C. gigantifolia''), with the leaves on juvenile plants often larger and of different shape to those of mature plants. The
flower Flowers, also known as blooms and blossoms, are the reproductive structures of flowering plants ( angiosperms). Typically, they are structured in four circular levels, called whorls, around the end of a stalk. These whorls include: calyx, m ...
s are produced in spikes. The
fruit In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (angiosperms) that is formed from the ovary after flowering. Fruits are the means by which angiosperms disseminate their seeds. Edible fruits in particular have long propaga ...
is a three-angled
achene An achene (; ), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple fruit, simple dry fruits, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and Dehi ...
, surrounded by an often brightly coloured fleshy
perianth The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower. It is a structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepal ...
, edible in some species, though often
astringent An astringent (sometimes called adstringent) is a chemical that shrinks or constricts body tissues. The word derives from the Latin '' adstringere'', which means "to bind fast". Astringency, the dry, puckering or numbing mouthfeel caused by t ...
. Species in the genus have been characterized as
dioecious Dioecy ( ; ; adj. dioecious, ) is a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproduction is ...
, but this is unclear.
Trioecy Trioecy , also spelled triecy, is a sexual system characterized by the coexistence of males, females, and hermaphrodites. It has been found in both plants and animals. Like androdioecy and gynodioecy, trioecy is a mixed mating systems. Term ...
has been documented in ''C. cereifera''.


Species

177 species are accepted. *''
Coccoloba acapulcensis ''Coccoloba'' is a genus of 177 species of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae, which is native to the Neotropics. There is no overall English name for the genus, although many of the individual species have widely used common names. Ran ...
'' *''
Coccoloba acrostichoides ''Coccoloba'' is a genus of 177 species of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae, which is native to the Neotropics. There is no overall English name for the genus, although many of the individual species have widely used common names. Ran ...
'' *''
Coccoloba acuminata ''Coccoloba'' is a genus of 177 species of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae, which is native to the Neotropics. There is no overall English name for the genus, although many of the individual species have widely used common names. Ran ...
'' *''
Coccoloba acuna ''Coccoloba'' is a genus of 177 species of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae, which is native to the Neotropics. There is no overall English name for the genus, although many of the individual species have widely used common names. Ran ...
'' *'' Coccoloba alainii'' *'' Coccoloba albicans'' *'' Coccoloba alnifolia'' *'' Coccoloba arborescens'' *'' Coccoloba argentinensis'' *'' Coccoloba armata'' *'' Coccoloba ascendens'' *'' Coccoloba baracoensis'' *'' Coccoloba barbadensis'' – uvero *'' Coccoloba barkeri'' *'' Coccoloba belizensis'' *'' Coccoloba benitensis'' *'' Coccoloba berazainiae'' *'' Coccoloba × boxii'' *'' Coccoloba brasiliensis'' *'' Coccoloba buchii'' *'' Coccoloba bullata'' *'' Coccoloba burkeae'' *'' Coccoloba caesia'' *'' Coccoloba caracasana'' – papaturro *'' Coccoloba caravellae'' *'' Coccoloba ceibensis'' *''
Coccoloba cereifera ''Coccoloba cereifera'' is a rare species of flowering plant in the knotweed or buckwheat family Polygonaceae. The species is restricted to a single mountain, the Serra do Cipó, in southern Brazil. The species is notable for its expression of a ...
'' *'' Coccoloba charitostachya'' *'' Coccoloba chiapensis'' *'' Coccoloba cholutecensis'' *'' Coccoloba clementis'' *'' Coccoloba colombiana'' *'' Coccoloba conduplicata'' *'' Coccoloba cordata'' *'' Coccoloba coriacea'' *'' Coccoloba coronata'' *'' Coccoloba costata'' – uvilla *'' Coccoloba cowellii'' *'' Coccoloba cozumelensis'' *'' Coccoloba cristalensis'' *'' Coccoloba cruegeri'' *'' Coccoloba cujabensis'' *'' Coccoloba darienensis'' *'' Coccoloba declinata'' *'' Coccoloba densifrons'' *'' Coccoloba diversifolia'' – pigeonplum *'' Coccoloba dussii'' *'' Coccoloba efigeniana'' *'' Coccoloba escuintlensis'' *'' Coccoloba excelsa'' *'' Coccoloba fallax'' *'' Coccoloba fastigiata'' *'' Coccoloba fawcettii'' *'' Coccoloba filipes'' *'' Coccoloba flavescens'' *'' Coccoloba floresii'' *'' Coccoloba floribunda'' *'' Coccoloba fuertesii'' *'' Coccoloba gardneri'' *'' Coccoloba geniculata'' *'' Coccoloba gentryi'' *'' Coccoloba gigantifolia'' (with human-sized leaves) *'' Coccoloba glaziovii'' *'' Coccoloba goldmanii'' *'' Coccoloba gracilis'' *'' Coccoloba grandiflora'' *'' Coccoloba guanacastensis'' *'' Coccoloba guaranitica'' *'' Coccoloba gymnorrhachis'' *'' Coccoloba hirtella'' *'' Coccoloba hondurensis'' *'' Coccoloba hotteana'' *'' Coccoloba howardii'' *'' Coccoloba humboldtii'' *'' Coccoloba × hybrida'' *'' Coccoloba ibarrae'' *'' Coccoloba incrassata'' *'' Coccoloba × jamaicensis'' *'' Coccoloba jimenezii'' *'' Coccoloba johnstonii'' *'' Coccoloba jurgensenii'' *'' Coccoloba krugii'' – whitewood seagrape *'' Coccoloba laevis'' *'' Coccoloba lanceolata'' *'' Coccoloba lapathifolia'' *'' Coccoloba lasseri'' *'' Coccoloba latifolia'' *'' Coccoloba lehmannii'' *'' Coccoloba leoganensis'' *'' Coccoloba leonardii'' *'' Coccoloba liebmannii'' *'' Coccoloba lindaviana'' *'' Coccoloba lindeniana'' *'' Coccoloba liportizii'' *'' Coccoloba llewelynii'' *'' Coccoloba longifolia'' *'' Coccoloba longipes'' *'' Coccoloba lucidula'' *'' Coccoloba × lundellii'' *'' Coccoloba manzinellensis'' *'' Coccoloba meissneriana'' *'' Coccoloba microphylla'' *'' Coccoloba microstachya'' – puckhout *'' Coccoloba mollis'' *'' Coccoloba montana'' *'' Coccoloba mosenii'' *'' Coccoloba munizii'' *'' Coccoloba najarroi'' *'' Coccoloba nervosa'' *'' Coccoloba nicaraguensis'' *'' Coccoloba nigrescens'' *'' Coccoloba nipensis'' *'' Coccoloba nitida'' *'' Coccoloba nodosa'' *'' Coccoloba northropiae'' *'' Coccoloba nutans'' *'' Coccoloba obovata'' *'' Coccoloba obtusifolia'' *'' Coccoloba ochreolata'' *'' Coccoloba oligantha'' *'' Coccoloba orinocana'' *'' Coccoloba ortizii'' *'' Coccoloba ovata'' *'' Coccoloba padiformis'' *'' Coccoloba pallida'' – pale seagrape *'' Coccoloba paraensis'' *'' Coccoloba paraguariensis'' *'' Coccoloba pauciflora'' – uvilla cimarrona *'' Coccoloba peltata'' *'' Coccoloba persicaria'' *'' Coccoloba peruviana'' *'' Coccoloba picardae'' *'' Coccoloba plantaginea'' *'' Coccoloba plumieri'' *'' Coccoloba porphyrostachys'' *'' Coccoloba portuguesana'' *'' Coccoloba praecox'' *'' Coccoloba proctorii'' *'' Coccoloba pubescens'' – grandleaf seagrape *''
Coccoloba pyrifolia ''Coccoloba'' is a genus of 177 species of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae, which is native to the Neotropics. There is no overall English name for the genus, although many of the individual species have widely used common names. Ran ...
'' – uvera *'' Coccoloba ramosissima'' *'' Coccoloba reflexa'' *'' Coccoloba reflexiflora'' *'' Coccoloba retirensis'' *'' Coccoloba retusa'' *'' Coccoloba rigida'' *'' Coccoloba rosea'' *'' Coccoloba rufescens'' *''
Coccoloba rugosa ''Coccoloba'' is a genus of 177 species of flowering plants in the family Polygonaceae, which is native to the Neotropics. There is no overall English name for the genus, although many of the individual species have widely used common names. Ran ...
'' – ortegon *'' Coccoloba ruiziana'' *'' Coccoloba salicifolia'' *'' Coccoloba samanensis'' *'' Coccoloba savannarum'' *'' Coccoloba scandens'' *'' Coccoloba shaferi'' *'' Coccoloba sintenisii'' – uvero de monte *'' Coccoloba spicata'' *'' Coccoloba spinescens'' *'' Coccoloba steinbachii'' *'' Coccoloba sticticaulis'' *'' Coccoloba striata'' *'' Coccoloba subcordata'' *'' Coccoloba swartzii'' – Swartz's pigeonplum *'' Coccoloba taylorii'' *'' Coccoloba tenuiflora'' *'' Coccoloba tenuifolia'' – Bahama pigeonplum *'' Coccoloba tiliacea'' *'' Coccoloba toaensis'' *'' Coccoloba troyana'' *'' Coccoloba tuerckheimii'' *'' Coccoloba tunii'' *''
Coccoloba uvifera ''Coccoloba uvifera'' is a species of tree and flowering plant in the buckwheat family, Polygonaceae. Its common names include seagrape and baygrape. It is native to coastal beaches throughout tropical America and the Caribbean. It has edible fru ...
'' – seagrape *'' Coccoloba venosa'' – false chiggergrape *'' Coccoloba warmingii'' *'' Coccoloba williamsii'' *'' Coccoloba wrightii'' *'' Coccoloba wurdackii'' *'' Coccoloba yaracuyensis'' *'' Coccoloba yaterensis'' *'' Coccoloba zebra'' *'' Coccoloba zuliana'' Other sources:USDA Plants Profile
''Coccoloba''
/ref>Global Compendium of Weeds
''Coccoloba acuminata''
/ref>Plants of Hawaii


Ecology

The species ''
Coccoloba cereifera ''Coccoloba cereifera'' is a rare species of flowering plant in the knotweed or buckwheat family Polygonaceae. The species is restricted to a single mountain, the Serra do Cipó, in southern Brazil. The species is notable for its expression of a ...
'' is notable for being restricted to an area of only some 26 square km on a single low peak near Serra do Cipó National Park, in the
Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...
ian state of
Minas Gerais Minas Gerais () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 Brazilian census, 2022 census. Located in ...
.


Cultivation and uses

One species, ''Coccoloba uvifera'' (Seagrape) is commonly cultivated for its edible fruit, and the genus name is sometimes used to denote this species.


References


External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q135463 Polygonaceae genera Flora of the Neotropical realm Taxa described in 1756