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Jacqueline Charlotte Dufresnoy (23 August 1931 – 9 October 2006), better known by her stage name Coccinelle (''"
ladybird Coccinellidae () is a widespread family of small beetles. They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in the United Kingdom; "lady" refers to mother Mary. Entomologists use the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles ...
"'' in French), was a French cabaret entertainer, singer, actress, and
transgender A transgender (often shortened to trans) person has a gender identity different from that typically associated with the sex they were sex assignment, assigned at birth. The opposite of ''transgender'' is ''cisgender'', which describes perso ...
activist. A
transgender woman A trans woman or transgender woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth. Trans women have a female gender identity and may experience gender dysphoria (distress brought upon by the discrepancy between a person's gender identity and their ...
, she was the first widely publicized celebrity to undergo
gender reassignment Gender is the range of social, psychological, cultural, and behavioral aspects of being a man (or boy), woman (or girl), or third gender. Although gender often corresponds to sex, a transgender person may identify with a gender other than th ...
in Europe. Coccinelle was an international celebrity and a renowned club singer, styled as a blonde bombshell and
sex symbol A sex symbol or icon is a person or character widely considered sexually attractive and often synonymous with sexuality. Pam Cook, "The trouble with sex: Diana Dors and the Blonde bombshell phenomenon", In: Bruce Babinigton (ed.), ''British St ...
.


Biography


Early life

Dufresnoy was born as Jacques-Charles in
Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...
in 1931 at rue Notre Dame de Nazareth No. 66 in the
3rd arrondissement of Paris The 3rd arrondissement of Paris (, ) is one of the 20 (districts) of the capital city of France. In spoken French, this arrondissement is colloquially referred to as "" () meaning "the third". Its postal code is 75003. It is governed locally to ...
. She was given the nickname "Coccinelle" (French for "
ladybird Coccinellidae () is a widespread family of small beetles. They are commonly known as ladybugs in North America and ladybirds in the United Kingdom; "lady" refers to mother Mary. Entomologists use the names ladybird beetles or lady beetles ...
") after a red party dress with polka dots she wore, which she adopted as her stage name in show business.


Career

As "Coccinelle" she made her debut as a transgender showgirl in 1953 at Chez Madame Arthur where her mother was a flower seller. She later performed regularly at the famous nightclub
Le Carrousel de Paris Le Carrousel de Paris was a Parisian cabaret most famous for its 1950s revues of cross-dressing and trans performers such as Coccinelle. It definitively ceased its dinner-show activity in 2016. History In 1926, near Moulin Rouge, the impresari ...
, which also featured regular acts by other famous transgender women such as
April Ashley April Ashley (29 April 1935 – 27 December 2021), styled as The Honourable April Corbett from 1963 to 1980, was an English model, author, and LGBT rights activist. In the 1950s, upon being discharged from the Merchant Navy, she performed und ...
and
Bambi ''Bambi'' is a 1942 American Animated film, animated Coming of age, coming-of-age drama film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Loosely based on Felix Salten's 1923 novel ''Bambi, a Life in the Woods'', the ...
. Coccinelle travelled to
Casablanca Casablanca (, ) is the largest city in Morocco and the country's economic and business centre. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of the Chaouia (Morocco), Chaouia plain in the central-western part of Morocco, the city has a populatio ...
in 1958 to undergo a
vaginoplasty Vaginoplasty is any surgical procedure that results in the construction or reconstruction of the vagina. It is a type of genitoplasty. Pelvic organ prolapse is often treated with one or more surgeries to repair the vagina. Sometimes a vaginoplas ...
by Georges Burou. She said later, "Dr Burou rectified the mistake nature had made and I became a real woman, on the inside as well as the outside. After the operation, the doctor just said, 'Bonjour, Mademoiselle', and I knew it had been a success." Coccinelle became a media sensation, and performed the ''Cherchez la femme'' revue which ran for 7 months at the Olympia in Paris between 1963 and 1964. In 1987, her autobiography was published, titled ''Coccinelle par Coccinelle''. Coccinelle married French journalist Francis Paul Bonnet in a civil ceremony at the town hall of the
17th arrondissement of Paris The 17th arrondissement of Paris (''XVIIe arrondissement'') is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France. In spoken French, it is referred to as ''le dix-septième'' (; "the seventeenth"). The arrondissement, known as Batignol ...
on 16 March 1960. Her marriage to Bonnet was dissolved in 1962. She then married Paraguayan dancer Mario Costa in 1963, who died in 1977. She then married fellow transgender activist Thierry Wilson in 1996.


Media sensation and influence

Coccinelle very quickly became a media sensation upon her return to France after the operation, with a look and stage act based on the prominent
sex symbol A sex symbol or icon is a person or character widely considered sexually attractive and often synonymous with sexuality. Pam Cook, "The trouble with sex: Diana Dors and the Blonde bombshell phenomenon", In: Bruce Babinigton (ed.), ''British St ...
s of the day. Historian Joanne Meyerowitz wrote "the more sexualized MTF showed up in the sensationalized press in the stories on Coccinelle, who worked at Le Carrousel in Paris".Meyerowitz, Joanne. ''How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States.'' Harvard University Press. In 1959 Coccinelle appeared in ''Europa di notte'' by director
Alessandro Blasetti Alessandro Blasetti (3 July 1900 – 1 February 1987) was an Italian film director and screenwriter who influenced Italian neorealism with the film ''Four Steps in the Clouds''. Blasetti was one of the leading figures in Italian cinema during the ...
. That same year, Italian singer Ghigo Agosti dedicated the song ''Coccinella'' to her, provoking widespread consternation and controversy. Coccinelle appeared in the 1962
Argentine Argentines, Argentinians or Argentineans are people from Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Argentines, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their ...
thriller film Thriller film, also known as suspense film or suspense thriller, is a broad film genre that evokes excitement and suspense in the audience. The suspense element found in most films' plots is particularly exploited by the filmmaker in this genre. ...
'' Los Viciosos'' and was the first French trans woman to become a major star, when
Bruno Coquatrix Bruno Coquatrix (; 5 August 1910, Ronchin, Nord – 1 April 1979) was a French record producer, the owner and manager of Olympia in Paris from 1954 until his death in 1979. Career Coquatrix was first known as a song and music writer. He wrot ...
splashed her name in red letters on the front of
Paris Olympia The Olympia (; commonly known as L'Olympia or in the English-speaking world as Olympia Hall) is a concert venue in the 9th arrondissement of Paris, France, located at 28 Boulevard des Capucines, equally distancing Madeleine church and Opéra ...
for her 1963 revue, ''Cherchez la femme''. She later appeared in the 1968 Spanish romantic drama ''Días de viejo color.'' In Israeli slang, the word ''coccinelle'' (by
Hebrew Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...
transliteration − קוקסינל, pronounced oksiˈnel is used as a synonym for transgender, often derogatorily (and also as a general slur for a feminine man). The word كوكسينيل (''coccinelle'') or كوكس (''cocs'') is also used within communities of
Palestinian Palestinians () are an Arab ethnonational group native to the Levantine region of Palestine. *: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous p ...
transgender women to refer to each other. An Ecuadorian LGBTQI+ association founded in 1997 was named after her.


Activism and later life

Coccinelle worked extensively as an activist on behalf of transgender people, founding the organization "Devenir Femme" (To Become Woman), which was designed to provide emotional and practical support to those seeking gender reassignment surgery. She also helped establish the Center for Aid, Research, and Information for Transsexuality and Gender Identity. In addition, her first marriage, in 1960, was the first such union to be officially acknowledged by the government of France, thereby establishing transgender people's legal right to marry. Her 1987 autobiography ''Coccinelle'' was published by
Daniel Filipacchi Daniel Filipacchi (born 12 January 1928) is the Chairman Emeritus of Hachette Filipacchi Médias and a French collector of surrealist art. Career Filipacchi wrote and worked as a photographer for '' Paris Match'' from its founding in 1949 b ...
.Coccinelle (1987) ''Coccinelle par Coccinelle.'' Editions Filipacchi, Paris. Coccinelle was hospitalised in July 2006 following a
stroke Stroke is a medical condition in which poor cerebral circulation, blood flow to a part of the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: brain ischemia, ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and intracranial hemorrhage, hemor ...
. She later died on 9 October in
Marseille Marseille (; ; see #Name, below) is a city in southern France, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Departments of France, department of Bouches-du-Rhône and of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Regions of France, region. Situated in the ...
.Bonjour, Richard (12 October 2006)
Coccinelle s’est envolée.
adybird has flown away


Filmography


Discography

''Coccinelle No 1'' (President Records No 38." cda 1052) # Tu t'fous de moi ou don't care about me# L'Amour a fleur de coeur eart-deep Love# Prends-moi ou laisse-moi ake me or leave me# Tu es là ou are there ''Coccinelle No 2'' (President Records No 12" cda 1052) # Je cherche un millionnaire 'm looking for a millionaire# Avec mon petit faux-cul ith my little false bottom Coccinelle - 4 chansons de la Revue de l'Olympia "Chercher la femme" (RCA VICTOR 86.012M - 1963) # Cherchez la femme ook for the woman# On fait tout à la main verything is done by hand# C'est sûrement vous t's probably you# Depuis toujours ince forever Star du Carrousel de Paris CD (Marianne Melodie 041625) Compilation of 20 titles.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Coccinelle 1931 births 2006 deaths 20th-century French women singers 20th-century French LGBTQ people 21st-century French LGBTQ people French autobiographers French LGBTQ rights activists French LGBTQ singers French transgender actresses French vedettes Singers from Paris French transgender musicians Transgender rights activists Transgender women singers