''Cobitis'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small freshwater fish in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Cobitidae from

temperate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ran ...

and

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones immediately to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Ge ...

Eurasia Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...

. It contains the "typical spiny

loach Loaches are ray-finned fishes of the suborder Cobitoidei. They are freshwater, benthic (bottom-dwelling) fish found in rivers and creeks throughout Eurasia and North Africa, northern Africa. Loaches are among the most diverse groups of fish; the ...

es", including the well-known spined loach of Europe. Similar spiny loaches, occurring generally south of the range of ''Cobitis'', are nowadays separated in '' Sabanejewia''.Perdices, A., Bohlen, J. & Doadrio, I. (2008)
The molecular diversity of adriatic spined loaches (Teleostei, Cobitidae).
''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46 (1): 382–390.''

Species

There are currently 97 recognized species in this genus: * '' Cobitis amphilekta'' Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012 (Khvalyn spined loach)Vasil'eva, E.D. & Vasil'ev, V.P. (2012)
''Cobitis amphilekta'' sp. nova, a New Species of Spined Loaches (Cobitidae, Cypriniformes) from the Caspian Sea Basin.
''Journal of Ichthyology, 52 (3): 200–206.'' * '' Cobitis arachthosensis'' Economidis & Nalbant, 1996 * '' Cobitis arenae'' ( S. Y. Lin, 1934) * '' Cobitis australis'' Y. X. Chen, Y. F. Chen & D. K. He, 2013Chen, Y.-X., Chen, Y.-F. & He, D.-K. (2013): A new species of spined loach (Osteichthyes, Cobitidae) from the Pearl River, Guangxi of China. ''Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 38 (2): 377-387.'' * '' Cobitis avicennae'' Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof, 2015 (Zagros spined loach)Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vatandoust, S., Esmaeili, H.R., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2015)
''Cobitis avicennae'', a new species of spined loach from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cobitidae).
''Zootaxa, 3914 (5): 558–568.'' * '' Cobitis baishagensis'' Y. X. Chen, X. Y. Sui, N. Liang & Y. F. Chen, 2015Chen, Y., Sui, X., Liang, N. & Chen, Y. (2015)
Two new species of the genus ''Cobitis'' Linnaeus (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from southern China.
''Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 34 (3): 517–525.'' * '' Cobitis battalgilae'' Băcescu, 1962 (Battalgil's spined loach) * '' Cobitis bilineata'' Canestrini, 1865 * '' Cobitis bilseli'' Battalgil, 1942 (Beyşehir spined loach) * '' Cobitis biwae'' D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1901 * '' Cobitis brevifasciata'' ( I. S. Kim & W. O. Lee, 1995)Perdices, A., Bohlen, J., Šlechtová, V. & Doadrio, I. (2016)
Molecular Evidence for Multiple Origins of the European Spined Loaches (Teleostei, Cobitidae).
''PLoS ONE, 11 (1): e0144628.'' * '' Cobitis calderoni'' Băcescu, 1962 * '' Cobitis choii'' I. S. Kim & Y. M. Son, 1984 (Choi's spined loach) * '' Cobitis crassicauda'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2013Chen, Y. & Chen, Y. (2013)
Three new species of cobitid fish (Teleostei, Cobitidae) from the River Xinjiang and the River Le’anjiang, tributaries of Lake Poyang of China, with remarks on their classification.
''Folia Zoologica, 62 (2): 83-95.'' * '' Cobitis dalmatina'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 * '' Cobitis damlae'' Erk' Akan & Özdemir, 2014 (Dalaman spined loach)Erkakan, F. & Özdemir, F. (2014)
The first new cave fish species, ''Cobitis damlae'' (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Turkey.
''Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry, 42 (2): 275–279.'' * '' Cobitis delicata'' Niwa, 1937 * '' Cobitis dolichorhynchus'' Nichols, 1918 * '' Cobitis dorademiri'' Erk' Akan, Özdemir & Özeren, 2017Erkakan, F., Özdemir, F. & Özeren, S.C. (2017)
Two new species of the genus ''Cobitis'' Linnaeus (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Turkey.
''FishTaxa, 2 (2): 82-89.'' * '' Cobitis elazigensis'' Coad & Sarıeyyüpoglu, 1988 (Tigris spined loach) * '' Cobitis elongata'' Heckel & Kner, 1857 * '' Cobitis elongatoides'' Băcescu & R. F. Mayer, 1969 * '' Cobitis evreni'' Erk' Akan, Özeren & Nalbant, 2008 (Ceyhan spined loach) * '' Cobitis fahireae'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 (Küçük Menderes spined loach) * '' Cobitis faridpaki'' Mousavi-Sabet, Vasil'eva, Vatandoust & Vasil'ev, 2011Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vasil'eva, E.D., Vatandoust, S. & Vasil'ev, V.P. (2011)
''Cobitis faridpaki'' sp. nova — a New Spined Loach Species (Cobitidae) from the Southern Caspian Sea Basin (Iran).
''Journal of Ichthyology, 51 (10): 925–931.'' * '' Cobitis fasciola'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2013 * '' Cobitis gladkovi'' Vasil'ev & Vasil'eva, 2008 * '' Cobitis gracilis'' Y. X. Chen & Y. F. Chen, 2016Chen, Y. & Chen, Y. (2016)
A new species of the genus ''Cobitis'' (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae) from the Northeast China.
''Zoological Systematics, 41 (4): 379-391.'' * '' Cobitis guttatus'' ( V. H. Nguyễn, 2005) * '' Cobitis hankugensis'' I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park, Y. M. Son & Nalbant, 2003 * '' Cobitis hellenica'' Economidis & Nalbant, 1996 * '' Cobitis hereromacula'' Y. X. Chen, X. Y. Sui, N. Liang & Y. F. Chen, 2015 * '' Cobitis herzegoviniensis'' Buj & Šanda, 2014Buj, I., Šanda, R., Marčić, Z., Ćaleta, M. & Mrakovčić, M. (2014)
Combining Morphology and Genetics in Resolving Taxonomy – A Systematic Revision of Spined Loaches (Genus ''Cobitis''; Cypriniformes, Actinopterygii) in the Adriatic Watershed.
''PLoS ONE, 9 (6): e99833.'' * '' Cobitis hugowolfeldi'' ( Nalbant, 1993) * '' Cobitis illyrica'' Freyhof & Stelbrink, 2007 * '' Cobitis jadovaensis'' Mustafić & Mrakovčić, 2008 * '' Cobitis kaibarai'' Nakajima, 2012Nakajima, J. (2012)
Taxonomic study of the ''Cobitis striata'' complex (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae) in Japan.
''Zootaxa, 3586: 103–130.'' * '' Cobitis kellei'' Erk' Akan, Ekmekçi & Nalbant, 1998 (Göksu spined loach) * '' Cobitis koreensis'' I. S. Kim, 1975 * '' Cobitis laoensis'' ( Sauvage, 1878) * '' Cobitis laterimaculata'' J. P. Yan & M. L. Zheng, 1984 * '' Cobitis lebedevi'' Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 1985 * '' Cobitis levantina''

Krupp Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp (formerly Fried. Krupp AG and Friedrich Krupp GmbH), trade name, trading as Krupp, was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century as well as Germany's premier weapons manufacturer dur ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

, 1758 (Spined loach) * '' Cobitis takatsuensis'' Mizuno, 1970 * '' Cobitis takenoi'' Nakajima, 2016Nakajima, J. (2016)
''Cobitis takenoi'' sp. n. (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae): a new spined loach from Honshu Island, Japan.
''ZooKeys, 568: 119–128.'' * '' Cobitis tanaitica'' Băcescu & R. F. Mayer, 1969 * '' Cobitis taurica'' Vasil'eva, Vasil'ev, Janko, Ráb & Rábová, 2005 * '' Cobitis tetralineata'' I. S. Kim, J. Y. Park & Nalbant, 1999 * '' Cobitis trichonica'' Stephanidis, 1974 * '' Cobitis turcica'' Hankó ( hu), 1925 (Turkish spined loach) * '' Cobitis vardarensis'' S. L. Karaman, 1928 (Vardar spined loach) * '' Cobitis vettonica'' Doadrio & Perdices, 1997 * '' Cobitis xinjiangensis'' ( Y. F. Chen & Y. X. Chen, 2005) * '' Cobitis ylengensis'' S. V. Ngô, 2003 * '' Cobitis yongdokensis'' ( I. S. Kim & J. Y. Park, 1997) * '' Cobitis zanandreai'' Cavicchioli, 1965 * '' Cobitis zhejiangensis'' Y. M. Son & S. P. He, 2005

References

{{Authority control Cobitidae Freshwater fish genera Freshwater fish of Asia Freshwater fish of Europe Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Taxonomy articles created by Polbot